Deck 3: Conditioninglearning Theories of Personality

Question 1

The idea that genes set the boundaries for culture is termed by sociobiologists

A) determinism.
B) biological boundary.
C) social Darwinism.
D) leash principle.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The A in Watson's ABCs stands for

A) Actions.
B) Associated.
C) Antecedent.
D) Allied.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

is a measure of response strength by cutting off reinforcement and noting how many times an animal will continue to respond before giving up.

A) Acquisition
B) Resistance to extinction
C) Fixed ratio
D) None of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Prepared learning is defined as genetically programmed

A) patterns of learning.
B) physical traits.
C) intelligence capacity.
D) patterns of behavior.

Question 5

While the early compositional theorists emphasized biochemical composition, the modern physiological zone personality researchers emphasize is

A) processes.
B) genes.
C) research.
D) children.

Question 6

According to this chapter, what is a flaw of the pharmaceutical industry?

A) It is assumed that behavioral problems cause bad chemistry.
B) They experiment on animals and humans, which is unethical.
C) It sees psychological dysfunction as a disease that can be completely understood.
D) It assumes that bad chemistry comes from behavioral problems.

Question 7

Sociobiology has proven itself remarkably heuristic, meaning that

A) it ignites intense criticism and stimulates little to no research over a broad rang of topics.
B) it ignites intense criticism as well as stimulating research over a broad range of topics.
C) it ignites intense encouragement as well as stimulating research over a broad rang of topics.
D) it ignites intense debate and stimulates little research over a broad range of topics.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of three basic emotions Watson says are inborn?

A) Rage
B) Love
C) Happiness
D) Fear

Question 9

Operant conditioning uses consequences to shape behavior, while classical conditioning

A) works with reflexes and emotions.
B) pairs neutral stimuli with active stimuli.
C) conditions involuntary behaviors in new situations.
D) All of the above

Question 10

In the behaviorist model of psychology, humans are seen as

A) agents.
B) self-actualized individuals.
C) trained animals.
D) envelopes of walking chemicals.

Question 11

Skinner invented a small compartment which is known as the

A) Conditioning box.
B) Reward box.
C) Skinner box.
D) Learning box.

Question 12

What is the foundation for personality traits according to modern compositional theorists?

A) Brain activity
B) Who your parents are
C) The environment around you
D) A and B

Question 13

Behaviorists believe that instead of trying to find family problems or personal dynamics behind a behavior, you should instead simply treat the problem behaviors with

A) prescription drugs.
B) meditation.
C) behavior therapy.
D) psychoanalysis. ₁

Question 14

The total number of genes carried by a species is called

A) genome.
B) DNA.
C) total genes.
D) gene pool.

Question 15

Teaching a dog tricks by rewarding the dog when it is making successive approximations, or steps toward the correct action, is an example of

A) rewarding.
B) successive training.
C) shaping.
D) patience.

Question 16

Behaviorists are also sometimes called

A) R-S psychologists.
B) S-R psychologists.
C) conditioning psychologists.
D) Skinnerian psychologists.

Question 17

What is the reproductive imperative?

A) When a single gene has been disabled or altered
B) To work in harmony with one another
C) To respond to consequences dispensed by the environment
D) To pass on one's genes

Question 18

For Behaviorists, in what zone is personality always reactive-responding to consequences dispensed by the environment?

A) Situational zone
B) Oppositional zone
C) Conditional zone
D) Compositional zone

Question 19

Watson's ABCs were Associated Behaviors Connect, while Skinner's ABCs were

A) Aim, Balance, Creativity.
B) All Behaviors Connect.
C) Antecedents, Behavior, Consequences.
D) Animals Behave (in) Categories.

Question 20

What are cultural universals?

A) Symbols and behaviors found to exist in Western society
B) Symbols and behaviors found to exist in every society
C) Symbols and beliefs
D) Common beliefs among many societies

Question 21

Whereas Watson argued that behavior was a reaction, McDougall argued that behavior was

A) unconsciously motivated.
B) a reaction.
C) goal directed.
D) emotionally neutral.

Question 22

While in college, Skinner aspired to become a

A) psychologist.
B) writer.
C) lawyer.
D) teacher.

Question 23

A teacher who gives a smiley face on homework for doing a good job is demonstrating which type of behavior

A) immediacy.
B) secondary reinforcement.
C) primary reinforcement.
D) rewarding behavior.

Question 24

Watson said that he could condition a child to fear any object, this was supported when he conditioned Albert to fear mice. Bergman did research which he said disproved Watson's claim when he repeated a similar experiment

A) using inanimate objects.
B) using adult subjects.
C) attempting to build fear of subject's parents.
D) All of the above

Question 25

When you jump into the swimming pool after mowing the lawn on a hot day, what kind of process are you experiencing?

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Indirect punishment
C) Direct punishment
D) Negative reinforcement

Question 26

How do instincts and learned behaviors interrelate?

A) Learned behaviors drift toward instinctive behavior.
B) Learned behaviors eventually will become instinctual.
C) A lot of instinctual behaviors were first learned.
D) All of the above

Question 27

Joseph Wolpe was responsible for which successful treatment for phobias

A) classical conditioning.
B) trained therapy.
C) implosion therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 28

J. B. Watson believed that behavior was always a reaction to stimulus. An opposing view was held by William McDougall that behavior was

A) strictly a result of chance.
B) determined by genes.
C) purposive and goal directed.
D) All of the above

Question 29

When a chocolate-lover is presented with chocolate for a job well done, the presentation of the chocolate is known as

A) a positive reward.
B) direct reward.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) indirect punishment.

Question 30

Traditional psychotherapy attempts to influence or change personality in order to bring behavior change, while Behaviorists believe that

A) if you treat the problem behavior, personality will take care of itself.
B) personality doesn't change.
C) you have to tend to the unconscious.
D) behavior changes bring about personality changes.

Question 31

What is one of the major problems with Skinner's conditioning theory as a theory of personality?

A) It is overly simplistic, and views a person as a trained animal.
B) It is overly complicated, and requires the use of fancy setups and gadgets.
C) There is no problem; it is the best theory available for training children and animals.
D) None of the above

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Watson saw a person as always a reactor and never an agent.
B) Skinner saw a person as always a reactor and sometimes and agent.
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

Question 33

Which of these is not part of the core of Skinner's theory of operant conditioning?

A) Antecedent
B) Behavior
C) Consequence
D) Condition