Deck 8: Social Self in Cultural Context

Question 1

Fromm's studies were motivated by the work of

A) Skinner and Freud.
B) Marx and Klein.
C) Freud and Marx.
D) Freud and Skinner.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A behavior that results from a combination of the inferiority complex and a lack of social interest is

A) psychosis.
B) neurosis.
C) extroversion.
D) superiority complex.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In Erikson's view, the ego functions somewhat like a

A) referee.
B) flight instructor.
C) dance instructor.
D) designated driver.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Erikson replaced Freud's psychosexual stages with his own

A) psychological maturity steps.
B) psycholinguistic stages.
C) psychosocial stages.
D) None of the above

Question 5

Someone who believes that the personality development progresses in psychosocial stages would most likely agree with

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Anna Freud.
C) Melanie Klein.
D) Erik Erikson.

Question 6

What did Adler believe powerfully shapes the development of the personality?

A) Environment
B) Parental care
C) Birth order
D) Social circle

Question 7

Martha has been called for a job interview, but she doesn't feel worthy of talking to the boss, so that she decides not to even try. According to Adler, Martha suffers from

A) diverged libido.
B) suppressed anxieties.
C) inferiority complex.
D) overshadowing.

Question 8

Which of Erikson's developmental stages says that people seek to establish personal relationships which can be filled with love and can serve to sustain them as they enter life as fully formed adults?

A) Intimacy vs. isolation
B) Identity vs. role confusion
C) Initiative vs. guilt
D) Industry vs. inferiority

Question 9

Adler considered birth order to be crucial in personality development. He believed the middle child tends to be

A) lethargic and uninterested in achieving goals since older siblings have already done so.
B) competitive, trying to one-up their stronger older siblings.
C) spoiled and pampered by their parents.
D) A and C

Question 10

Adler replaces Freud's libido with another motivator which he called

A) envy.
B) social interest.
C) birth order.
D) desire to succeed.

Question 11

What is an epigenetic approach?

A) It derives plausible explanations for engaging in forbidden behaviors, or gratifying objectionable instinctual impulses.
B) Unconscious strategies the ego employs for keeping anxiety, guilt, unacceptable impulses, and other threats to the ego out of awareness
C) A close, interdependent relationship between two organisms such as a parasite and its host
D) Each new stage of development incorporates in expanded and enriched forms all the previous stages.

Question 12

Erikson's model of personality used many of the same concepts at Freud's, but psychoanalysis added meanings that were

A) object-relational.
B) interpersonal
C) culturally embedded.
D) All of the above

Question 13

Fromm concluded that destiny is primarily determined by

A) society and political systems.
B) family and interpersonal relationships.
C) past experience and conditioning.
D) composition and traits.

Question 14

Adler described four personality styles. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) Ruler
B) Getting type (taker)
C) Anal type
D) Avoiding type

Question 15

According to Adler, a person who suffers from organ inferiority becomes motivated to compensate for this by striving for

A) mastery.
B) superiority.
C) something incompatible and opposite.
D) tangible praise.

Question 16

Erich Fromm saw freedom as accompanied by loneliness and alienation.

A) civil
B) religious
C) democratic
D) capitalistic

Question 17

While Sigmund Freud described the motivational fuel as "libido," Erikson's alternative motivational fuel was

A) Ego.
B) Idolism.
C) Mutual regulation
D) Totalism.

Question 18

While Freud, Anna Freud, Klein and others said that development was centered in the origins and early childhood, Erik and Joan Erikson said it was centered in

A) early childhood.
B) adolescence through very old age.
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 19

Basic evil is

A) when parents fail to provide genuine compassion and affection.
B) the opposite of common good.
C) the notion of a baby's seeing the breast of the mother as bad.
D) when therapy fails to heal the client and psychosis sets in.

Question 20

Adler's experience as a(n) motivated him to make social interest his master motive in social evolution.

A) pilot during his college years
B) doctor in the medical field
C) army physician during WWI
D) astronaut in training for NASA

Question 21

A neurotic way of disguising one's intolerable feelings of inferiority is called

A) masculine protest
B) neurotic behavior
C) superiority complex
D) safeguarding behaviors

Question 22

When Adler speaks of "organ dialect," he is referring to

A) the circulatory system.
B) body language.
C) nonverbal communication.
D) Both B and C

Question 23

Adler's birth order had its roots in

A) his lifelong competitive relationship with his older brother.
B) association with Darwinism.
C) being born with a disease.
D) his strong jealousy of his pampered sister.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT one of Fromm's five personality styles?

A) Receptive
B) Exploitive
C) Hostile
D) Productive

Question 25

Someone who agrees with Fromm believes that capitalism is at the root of self-alienation and that

A) psychoanalysis is the cure.
B) lan vital is the cure.
C) communism is the healing remedy.
D) scientific investigation will eventually come up with the healing remedy.

Question 26

Freud disagreed with Adler because Adler minimized the importance of the

A) inferiority and superiority complexes.
B) social aspects of personality.
C) ego.
D) sexual drive.

Question 27

The child is frequently showered with love and attention, whereas the child is most likely to be pampered.

A) last born, first born
B) middle born, first born
C) only child, last born
D) first born, last born

Question 28

Adler's ideas on personality theory could best be called

A) Social Darwinism.
B) Marxist Communism.
C) survival of the fittest.
D) Geotranscendence.

Question 29

The free element of personality that allows people to choose among alternative goals and lifestyles is called

A) free self
B) creative self
C) imagination
D) self determination

Question 30

Adler called the way that a person carries himself/herself

A) verbal communication.
B) organ system.
C) organ dialect.
D) cell dialect.

Question 31

According to Adler, a stuttering child who becomes a great orator is an example of

A) courage.
B) compensation.
C) motivation.
D) conscientious.

Question 32

The creative self synthesizes into a unique lifestyle.

A) the expectations of society for each individual
B) psychoticism, extroversion, and neuroticism
C) rage, depression, and anxiety
D) inferiorities, superiorities, and social interest

Question 33

Codependency is

A) prototype or lifeline.
B) doing too much and expecting too little.
C) taking responsibility for another's life that they don't experience the consequence of.
D) striving for power, striving for superiority.

Question 34

Adler viewed fictional goals as

A) a dangerous and negative influence in childhood.
B) false hope for a better life.
C) not contributing to or harming the child.
D) guiding and influencing the child positively.

Question 35

Why could you consider Adler's psychology as common sense psychology?

A) His terms have been assimilated into our culture.
B) They "make sense" to ordinary (non-professional) people.
C) He incorporates hindsight bias.
D) Both A and B

Question 36

Adler called his system in order to emphasize wholeness and uniqueness.

A) Gestalt psychology
B) Individual psychology
C) Ego psychology
D) Personality psychology

Question 37

Adler perceived man as a

A) victim of drives.
B) victim of instincts.
C) victim of heredity.
D) an actor.

Question 38

Safeguarding tendencies operate like interpersonal defense mechanisms. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) Symptoms
B) Aggression
C) Anxiety
D) Neurosis

Question 39

The means by which a person attempts to achieve real or fictional goals is defined as

A) fictional final goal.
B) prototype.
C) lifestyle.
D) None of the above

Question 40

Life goal is the dominating overarching goal that colors one's life. An unattainable goal that guides and influences us is called

A) wishful thinking.
B) delusional goal setting.
C) fictional final goal.
D) an unrealistic compensation.