Deck 7: The Relational Self of Object-Relations Theories

Question 1

Object Relations Theory was co-founded by which of these people?

A) Sigmund Freud and Anna Freud
B) Anna Freud and Margaret Mahler
C) Melanie Klein and Margaret Mahler
D) Anna Freud and Melanie Klein

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Defense mechanisms are also known as

A) dreamwork.
B) coping strategies.
C) manifest content.
D) countertransference.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Freud saw formation as a late-childhood development, resulting from the resolution of oedipal conflict, while Klein believed it appeared much earlier.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) alter ego

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Freud referred to as the "cornerstone" of psychoanalysis.

A) repression
B) regression
C) the unconscious
D) denial

Question 5

When psychoanalyzing children, Anna Freud believed

A) that child analysis could NOT be carried out using only the usual tools of free association and dream analysis.
B) that it was impossible to psychoanalyze children successfully.
C) that using only free association was the key.
D) None of the above

Question 6

When a therapist uses a treatment method that encourages children to use puppets, finger paints, clay, blocks, and other toys to express their feelings, they are following the example of

A) Anna Freud.
B) Klein.
C) Mahler.
D) Erikson.

Question 7

The "mother" of object relations theory and the inventor of play therapy is

A) Kohut.
B) Klein.
C) Anna Freud.
D) Mahler.

Question 8

Anna Freud's work with children nudged psychoanalysis into a more direction.

A) existentialist
B) behaviorist
C) religious
D) interpersonal

Question 9

Sigmund Freud emphasized individual unconscious processes, whereas Anna Freud emphasized

A) interpersonal relationships.
B) psychosocial stages.
C) warm bonding.
D) biological reductionism.

Question 10

Margaret Mahler borrowed a term from biology to describe the interdependent relationship between a mother and a nursing baby, that term is

A) symbiosis.
B) substitution.
C) projection.
D) object relation.

Question 11

The term is defined as psychologically transporting oneself back to a previous time where former fixations and bygone defenses abound.

A) repression
B) regression
C) isolation
D) displacement

Question 12

While Sigmund Freud had a more biologically-based libido theory, Melanie Klein morphed it into a(n)

A) separation/individuation-based theory.
B) object-relations analysis.
C) developmental theory.
D) technologically-based theory of analysis.

Question 13

Your boyfriend of two years dumps you. You head over to your best friend's house and begin talking about how he was a player, jerk, and an idiot who would have never really made you happy. You would be using which defense mechanism?

A) Isolation
B) Reaction-formation
C) Rationalization
D) None of the above

Question 14

Freud viewed as having a primarily negative connotation, whereas Klein viewed it as positive because love and hate could be sorted out and dealt with separately.

A) libido
B) splitting
C) sublimation
D) ambivalence

Question 15

Freud viewed the ego as the mediator between the ever conflicting id and superego. In contrast, Klein viewed the ego as the great

A) equalizer.
B) splitter.
C) weight.
D) balance.

Question 16

Which researcher saw weaning as a pivotal interpersonal milestone?

A) Anna Freud
B) Melanie Klein
C) Margaret Mahler
D) Erik Erikson

Question 17

What are defense mechanisms?

A) The unconscious projection of the therapist's emotions and perceptions on the client
B) The unconscious projection of emotions and perceptions of past relations onto a significant person
C) Are used by people to defend themselves from being overwhelmed by anxiety
D) Whatever interrupts the progress of analytic work

Question 18

When someone shows love and hate for the same object or person, they are said to be

A) ambivalent.
B) isolated.
C) intellectualized.
D) sadistic.

Question 19

Who contrasted with Klein in emphasizing the positive bonding that occurs between mother and newborns?

A) Anna Freud
B) Heinz Kohut
C) Erik Erikson
D) Margaret Mahler

Question 20

Which of these is NOT a defense or coping mechanism?

A) Regression
B) Reversal
C) Gratification
D) Isolation

Question 21

Which of the following asserted that analysts must also address issues with living persons, existing in the outer world and not enshrined in memory?

A) Anna Freud
B) Erik Erikson
C) Margaret Mahler
D) Melanie Klein

Question 22

Which of these is NOT one of Horney's interpersonal styles?

A) Moving toward people
B) Moving against people
C) Moving away from people
D) Moving behind people

Question 23

Horney described personality as comprised of four selves. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) Despised real self
B) Rejected imagined self
C) Idealized self
D) Positive real self

Question 24

In contrast to Freud's "penis envy" theory, Horney came up with the theory of , which was the male's envy of pregnancy, childbirth, motherhood, breasts, and the act of suckling.

A) vagina envy
B) pregnancy envy
C) nipple envy
D) womb envy

Question 25

Transforming unacceptable impulses into societally-prized behaviors is known as

A) sublimation.
B) displacement.
C) substitution.
D) projection.

Question 26

Jacob believes that his piano playing is comparable to John Tesh's. Yet when he plays it sounds more like "Chop-sticks." Horney would describe this neurotic discrepancy as

A) externalization.
B) blind spot.
C) elusiveness.
D) rationalization.

Question 27

Freud viewed having love and hate for the same object as negative, whereas Klein viewed ambivalence positively because

A) sadistic impulses and feelings of ecstasy can be fantasized.
B) the inner world is object-relational.
C) it fulfilled the desire to know more.
D) by splitting love and hate, they could be sorted out and dealt with separately.

Question 28

Horney defined as the feeling a child has of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world.

A) basic anxiety
B) hostile anxiety
C) complex anxiety
D) basic evil

Question 29

Attempting to understand phenomena in terms of beginnings is known as

A) the epigenetic principle.
B) ritualizations.
C) polarities.
D) originology.

Question 30

Unconscious strategies the ego employs for keeping anxiety, guilt, unacceptable impulses, and other threats to the ego out of awareness is known as

A) object relations.
B) symbiosis.
C) ego defense mechanisms.
D) None of the above

Question 31

What is symbiosis?

A) The amount of difference that two organisms have between them
B) The close, interdependent relationship between two organisms
C) An imagined connection between two un-related things
D) None of the above

Question 32

How did Anna Freud's theory in regards to working with children differ from her fathers?

A) Anna believed that the therapist should be a blank screen.
B) Anna believed that there should be special modifications and adjustments.
C) Anna believed that the analysts should present themselves as useful and protective, so that once therapy began the bond would be strong enough to sustain it.
D) Both B and C

Question 33

According to Horney, the despised real self is

A) the search for glory.
B) the authentic core that holds potential for growth.
C) experiencing oneself as unworthy, unlovable, imperfect, and detestable.
D) Both A and C

Question 34

Incorporating another person's values, opinions, ideas, and skills as a whole is known as

A) denial.
B) identification.
C) turning against self.
D) reaction-formation.

Question 35

According to Horney, the objective sum total of everything a person really is at any given moment, irrespective of judgments by others or by one's self is

A) idealized image of self.
B) ideal self.
C) authentic self.
D) actual self.

Question 36

Who did Freud describe as a "most gifted and accomplished female"?

A) Anna O.
B) Anna Freud
C) His mother
D) Melanie Klein

Question 37

Freud referred to psychosexual stages, whereas Klein preferred to use the term

A) polarities.
B) positions.
C) realizations.
D) ritualizations.

Question 38

Horney believed that the core neurotic conflict occurs when inexpressible hostility and basic anxiety cause alienation between

A) the child's real self and idealized self.
B) the child's strong self and weak self.
C) the child's cranky self and egotistical self.
D) None of the above

Question 39

Kohut emphasized the warm bonding that occurs between mothers and newborns, whereas Klein proposed that a baby's mind is filled with internalized images of

A) death and destruction.
B) sadism and humiliation.
C) cannibalism and killing.
D) All of the above

Question 40

Who was the first psychoanalyst to describe personality as the "four selves"?

A) Adler
B) Klein
C) Horney
D) Fromm