Deck 9: From Object-Relations to Dyadic Theories of Personality

Question 1

Which of the following did Sullivan believe?

A) Personality could be directly observed in interpersonal relationships.
B) Anxiety is always interpersonal in origin.
C) Security operations are behavioral maneuvers designed to avoid anxiety.
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is the undisputed father of interpersonal psychiatry?

A) Berne
B) Sullivan
C) Bowen
D) Leary

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Security operations are

A) activities designed to increase self-esteem.
B) activities designed to avoid or reduce anxiety.
C) operations performed by security psychologists.
D) operations performed by behavior therapists.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Conversations consisting primarily of bland subjects, such as the weather, or how lousy the food tastes in the school cafeteria, are given what term under Berne's series of transactions?

A) Ritual
B) Maintenance
C) Pastime
D) Game

Question 5

What is described as a state of equilibrium or quiescence?

A) Tension loss
B) Anxiety free
C) Euphoria
D) Security

Question 6

Erikson saw toilet skills as a balancing of holding on vs. letting go polarities. For Sullivan, toilet training was less about intrapsychic conflict and more about what?

A) Uncanny emotions
B) Interpersonal anxieties
C) Parataxic distortions
D) Ego state

Question 7

The relatively enduring pattern of recurrent interpersonal situations which characterize a human life is termed by Sullivan as

A) consistency.
B) ego.
C) dyad.
D) personality.

Question 8

What is a lack of attention that hurts psychologically or physically?

A) Transaction
B) Positive stroke
C) Discount
D) Complementary

Question 9

A parent who kisses the child's scraped knee would be and example of a

A) nurturing parent.
B) critical parent.
C) present parent.
D) All of the above

Question 10

Sullivan's theory is "American" because

A) it is observable.
B) it is not observable.
C) it was developed in the United States.
D) it was developed by an American.

Question 11

The real purpose behind a game is known as

A) ritual.
B) pastime.
C) script.
D) payoff.

Question 12

Like Sullivan, Berne insisted that

A) the self was the smallest meaningful unit of analysis.
B) the dyad was the smallest meaningful unit of analysis.
C) the triad was the largest meaningful unit of analysis.
D) None of the above

Question 13

In which one of Sullivan's modes does the infant begin to make temporal connections between experiences by anticipating familiar sequences?

A) Protaxic
B) Parataxic
C) Syntaxic
D) None of the above

Question 14

Dynamisms are

A) what makes a dynamic person dynamic.
B) an illusion.
C) constructs invented by Freud.
D) recurrent patterns of energy.

Question 15

The idea that personality emerges out of interactions with another human being is an example of Sullivan's emphasis on what common theme?

A) Interpersonal relationships
B) Dyadic interactions
C) Self-system
D) Both A and B

Question 16

What is a person demonstrating when he attempts to make sense of each new situation by relating it to the past situation and projecting it into the future?

A) Integrating tendency
B) Biological integration
C) Interpersonal integration
D) Transference

Question 17

Which is NOT one of Sullivan's seven integrating forces?

A) Infant's need for contact with another person
B) Infant's need for nutritious food
C) Infant's need for tenderness
D) Need for relationships with non-familial children

Question 18

Sullivan believed that motivational power is

A) found in libido.
B) found in reinforcement.
C) found in self-actualization.
D) found in dyadic interaction.

Question 19

According to Sullivan, when a person is able to avoid embarrassment by keeping thoughts unconscious, she/he is using

A) the oblivious technique.
B) selective inattention.
C) the cowardly technique.
D) the emotional self-preservation technique.

Question 20

Berne believed that motivational power is

A) found in strokes.
B) found in libido.
C) found in reinforcement.
D) found in self-actualization.

Question 21

An ego state is

A) an emotional state that the ego gets in when pushed too far.
B) a psychological "video recording" of a person's previous transactions with real people.
C) a person's interaction with another person.
D) what a person feels when interacting with another person.

Question 22

In which of Sullivan's developmental modes does the individual begin to make temporal connections between experiences by the use of familiar sequences?

A) Protaxic mode
B) Parataxic mode
C) Syntaxic mode
D) Juvenile mode

Question 23

Who provided a visual map of interpersonal relationships?

A) Pribram
B) Erikson
C) Leary
D) Sullivan

Question 24

Which of Berne's ego states is described as "an onboard computer, allowing one to organize, test, and evaluate reality"?

A) Parent
B) Child
C) Adult
D) Student

Question 25

What is a personification?

A) Incorporating another person's values, ideas, and skills as a whole
B) An object or process in which the same patterns are repeated at larger and larger scales
C) Lenses through which we view the world based on our past interpersonal relationships
D) Precisely dissecting a behavior into its antecedents to investigate response to environmental stimuli

Question 26

The stage in which a child is learning and using language is called

A) protaxic.
B) parataxic.
C) syntaxic
D) None of the above

Question 27

Who formulated the interpersonal theory of psychoanalysis?

A) Sullivan
B) Piaget
C) Allport
D) Eysenck

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of Sullivan's personifications?

A) Good-me
B) Bad-me
C) Perfect-me
D) Not-me

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of Sullivan's constructs?

A) Dynamisms
B) Ego states
C) Security operations
D) Integrating tendency

Question 30

Eric Berne is considered the founder of

A) humanistic psychology.
B) social constructivism.
C) transactional analysis.
D) functional analysis.

Question 31

Ego states include all EXCEPT

A) sibling.
B) parent.
C) child.
D) adult.

Question 32

When an unexpected response is made to the transactional stimulus, it is called

A) complementary transaction.
B) crossed transaction.
C) ulterior transaction.
D) subjective transaction.

Question 33

According to Berne, a is a life plan, strongly influencing the course of a person's transactions.

A) personification
B) script
C) stroke
D) game

Question 34

A group of girls who enjoy playing together would be an example of

A) isophilic intimacy.
B) heterophilic intimacy.
C) homophilic intimacy.
D) lesbian intimacy.

Question 35

Vincent was walking to class when he saw Nathaniel. They both waved and said, "Hey, how are you?" over their shoulders, but neither one stopped to answer. This is what Berne would call a(n)

A) pastime.
B) ulterior transaction.
C) ritual.
D) game.

Question 36

Sullivan's is/are equivalent to the "coping mechanisms" of the theorists in past chapters.

A) selective inattention
B) euphoria
C) integrating tendency
D) security operations

Question 37

Bob's mother always praised his crayon scribblings when he was little and showed them to all of her friends, who would exclaim that Bob was quite the little artist. As an adult, Bob sees himself as a creative, inventive, and enterprising person. This is an example of Bob's part of his self-system.

A) parataxic distortion
B) good-me
C) bad-me
D) always-me

Question 38

Someone who is "spontaneous, creative, and rebellious" is demonstrating characteristics of what Berne would call a(n)

A) adapted child.
B) spontaneous child.
C) little professor.
D) prejudicial parent.

Question 39

Leary and fellow researchers provided visual diagrams in the form of

A) interpersonal circumplex.
B) reaction mass chart.
C) reacting protoplasm diagram.
D) contiguity graph.

Question 40

Martha told Shelly that the way she decorated her bedroom looked really stupid. This is an example of

A) positive stroke.
B) negative stroke.
C) discount.
D) Both B and C