Deck 7: Analysis of Qualitative Data

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT relevant to the data examination process?

A)identify areas that coincide with the client's point of view
B)understand the "why" of respondent comments
C)infer respondents' attitudes from the explicit words and analogies used
D)understand the intensity of respondents' feelings

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A respondent expresses an opinion in clear,unambiguous,forceful language.This is typically an instance of a respondent expressing a ________ opinion.

A)strongly held
B)confused
C)weakly held
D)nonsensical
E)short-term

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The two statements below refer to the sample evaluation phase of qualitative data analysis.
I.The goal of sample evaluation prior to qualitative data analysis allows the analyst
To make certain that characteristics of the planned sample were actually present in the
Recruited sample.
II.Discrepancies between the planned and recruited samples in a qualitative study
Need to be communicated to all involved with the research.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Patton notes that guidelines and procedural suggestions for the analysis of qualitative data must be followed in the same way by each qualitative analyst in every instance of qualitative data analysis.

Question 5

The two statements below refer to the problem definition review phase of qualitative data analysis.
I.The problem definition review only involves the moderator and the individual
Supervising the research.
II.The outcome of the problem definition review is a list of areas that the analysis will
Address and the types of information the analysis will provide.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true

Question 6

The two statements below refer to the data examination phase of qualitative data analysis.
I.The data examination phase of qualitative analysis requires the analyst to
Finalize specific comment codes and classifications.
II.Data coding should always be the first step in the process of data examination.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true

Question 7

Consider the two statements below regarding qualitative data analysis.
I.Qualitative data analysis is guided by a set of well-agreed upon,externally
Objective techniques and rules.
II.The goal of qualitative data analysis is the identification of underlying
Patterns and themes.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II is true

Question 8

The two statements below refer to the process of qualitative data analysis.
I.An analyst examining the responses of focus group participants should always
Take the comments at face value.
II.An analyst examining the responses of focus group participants should always try
To understand the intensity of respondents' feelings and points of view.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true

Question 9

Two important activities take place in the initial stage of qualitative data analysis.One of these activities is ________.

A)a cost/benefit analysis of the research project
B)a review of the moderator's performance
C)an evaluation of the screener used to identify respondents
D)a review of the problem definition

Question 10

Inferences of respondents' belief intensity can be drawn from the manner in which the belief is expressed.

Question 11

Two important activities take place in the initial stage of qualitative data analysis.One of these activities is ________ .

A)an evaluation of the study sample
B)a review of the research cost and timing
C)an evaluation of the services provided by the field service
D)an examination of audio and/or video tapes

Question 12

Statistical tests are ________ for use in qualitative data analysis.

A)inappropriate
B)appropriate

Question 13

When beginning the data examination process,it is important not to have any preconceived notions about key patterns of findings.

Question 14

Respondents may signal a ________ belief through the use of irony,metaphor,or derisive humor.

A)strongly held
B)confused
C)weakly held
D)nonsensical
E)long-term

Question 15

Tom is thinking about the focus group he just viewed.Mary,a group member,provided many interesting insights,but nevertheless,often provided an inconsistent point of view.Tom should ________.

A)ignore Mary's comments because of these inconsistencies
B)try to understand Mary as a person,rather than focusing on each specific comment
C)only pay attention to the first things Mary said
D)only pay attention to the last things Mary said

Question 16

The quality of a quantitative data analysis is generally most influenced by ________.

A)the skills of the analyst conducting the research
B)the absolute research budget
C)the quantity of transcribed pages
D)the extent of client involvement
E)the professional fee of the qualitative analyst

Question 17

You conduct a comparison of the desired sample with the actual sample from a set of qualitative personal interviews.You find that the actual sample was slightly older than intended.What is the recommended next step?

A)Stop the analysis and discard all the data.
B)Ask for a refund from the field service that performed the recruiting.
C)Continue with the analysis but note this discovery in the presentation of the findings.
D)Prepare a poor performance evaluation for the interviewer.
E)Prepare a proposal for a new research study.

Question 18

Notes and documents from the client meeting held prior to the research are examined as part of the ________.

A)data immersion process
B)reflection process
C)metatheme identification process
D)problem definition review
E)synthesis process

Question 19

The statements below refer to the outcomes of qualitative data analysis.
I.Qualitative data analysis often seeks to uncover areas in which consensus of opinion does or does not exist among the sample of respondents.
II.Successful qualitative data analysis will uncover the strength of conviction with
Which expressed views are held.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true

Question 20

When time is short,the review of informational needs can generally be skipped without much harm to the overall analysis.

Question 21

Crabtree and Miller propose criteria for evaluating the "goodness" of a qualitative analysis.

A)Was a thorough analysis presented?
B)Does the principal analyst have at least three years experience in conducting and analyzing qualitative research?
C)Was the appropriate method used to answer the questions motivating the research?

Question 22

Once a theme is identified,then specific comments are located and coded as being either in support of or in opposition to that theme.

Question 23

The following two statements refer to the analysis of focus groups.
I.The analyst should always pay more attention to comments made toward the
End in the groups.
II.Distinguishing between the truth and falsity of respondents' comments is one
Of the easier aspects of qualitative data analysis.
Which,if any,of these statements is true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true

Question 24

The following two statements refer to the analysis of qualitative data.
I.There are times when respondents do not spontaneously mention or comment
On a topic.This may happen because they assume that the topic is so important it is
Unnecessary to mention.
II.There are times when respondents do not spontaneously mention or comment
On a topic.This may happen when the topic is highly personal or sensitive.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true

Question 25

With regard to qualitative data analysis,a ________ is defined as the expression of a consistent and recurring idea found either explicitly or implicitly in the data.

A)comment
B)summarization
C)theme
D)corpus

Question 26

When recording individual comments,it is important that these comments be ________.

A)paraphrased
B)recorded verbatim
C)longer than seven words
D)made by the dominant personalities from among those interviewed
E)made by more than one person

Question 27

According to the text,a ________ represents the analyst's intuitive and informed judgment as to the content and pattern of findings in each topic area.

A)topical
B)testimonial
C)transition
D)theme
E)token

Question 28

The process of ________ comes after all themes have been identified.

A)self-analysis
B)refraction
C)comment coding
D)reflection
E)report writing

Question 29

At the beginning of theme identification,the analyst should not have any themes in mind.

Question 30

The circular process of theme identification and creation is ________.

A)a process that is only used by novice qualitative analysts
B)optional and can be used or not,at the discretion of the qualitative analyst
C)time consuming and should be avoided
D)intentional and important
E)only of value for the analysis of focus group data

Question 31

Once metathemes have been created,serendipitous discoveries should be ignored.

Question 32

During the initial phases of qualitative data analysis,the analyst should only pay attention to comments and statements explicitly appearing in the tapes or transcripts.

Question 33

There are two different approaches to theme identification.Which one of the approaches shown below is recommended by the text?

A)data → theme → evaluation → revision
B)theme → data → evaluation → revision
C)theme → theme → revision → evaluation
D)data → evaluation → theme → revision

Question 34

________ means that everyone reading the analysis understands how themes were created.

A)Signal analysis
B)Triangulation
C)Transparency
D)Systemic analysis

Question 35

Crabtree and Miller propose criteria for evaluating the "goodness" of a qualitative analysis.Which criteria below was NOT recommended by Crabtree and Miller?

A)Are the background,training,and preconceptions of the investigators described?
B)Was an iterative process of collecting and analyzing data used and data saturation achieved?
C)Did the cost and timing of the research correspond to that stated in the research proposal?

Question 36

In a focus group,a self-contradiction might occur when ________.

A)group participants ask the moderator to express her opinion
B)the moderator challenges Mary to better express her opinion
C)Kelly says she likes the brand early in the group,and then later in the group says that she does not like the brand
D)Jane challenges Mary about an issue of disagreement
E)group members decide to end discussion of one topic and move onto the next topic

Question 37

The following two statements refer to the creation of themes during qualitative data analysis.
I.The development of themes is a circular process entailing continuous data
Examination and revision.
II.Once a theme is identified it is static and not subject to revision upon further
Review of the data.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true

Question 38

A ________ helps one understand the relationships between individual themes.

A)metatheme
B)metaphor
C)metacomment
D)megatheme

Question 39

A collection of themes can be used to form a ________.

A)supratheme
B)metatheme
C)master theme
D)controlling theme
E)maxitheme

Question 40

The two statements below address theme development.
I.Once all themes have been written and made explicit,the analyst then
Examines and codes all data that is in support of or in opposition to the theme.
II.Once all comments relevant to a theme have been recorded,the analyst should
Then begin to write the report.No further evaluation of the theme is necessary.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true

Question 41

Think about the presentation of qualitative findings.Which situation described below does NOT increase transparency.

A)When it is clear that there is an absence of bias in data selection.
B)When it is clear that there is an absence of bias in the selection of themes.
C)When there is proof that analysts read all of the transcripts.
D)When it is clear that there is sufficient evidence to support each theme.
E)When it is clear that there is rigor in the way the analysis was carried out.

Question 42

Advocates of CAQDAS note that this software is best used as a tool rather than as a replacement for analyst skill and judgment.

Question 43

Below are sources of qualitative information.
- verbal text
- written text
- pictures
- video
How many,if any,of these is QUADAS able to code and analyze?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 44

CAQDAS stands for Computer Assisted ________.

A)Qualitative Display of Analytical Statements
B)Qualitative Data Analysis Software
C)Quality Data Analytical System
D)Question Demand Analysis Software
E)Quote Documentation Analytical Shareware

Question 45

Describe the relationship between themes and metathemes.

Question 46

Imagine that you hold two focus groups with the same number and type of individuals.Everyone in the first group preferred Commercial A over Commercial B.Everyone in the second group preferred Commercial B over Commercial A.Is the analyst correct in presenting the finding that "Equal numbers of people preferred each commercial.No real preference emerged."?

Question 47

The theme development process has been described as "circular." What does this mean?

Question 48

Why is transparency in qualitative data analysis important?

Question 49

Why is it important to examine sample characteristics prior to beginning data examination?

Question 50

One of the criticisms of CAQDAS noted in the text relates to its ________ literal content.

A)high cost to code
B)awkward data bases used to store coded
C)lack of speed in analyzing
D)inability to code
E)emphasis on