Deck 4: Pharmacology

Question 1

The route is the easiest of the drug injection routes to use.

A) intramuscular
B) subcutaneous
C) oral
D) intravenous

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When drugs are swallowed, they pass through the stomach and are absorbed in the .

A) small intestine
B) kidneys
C) liver
D) large intestine

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A drug's dose is computed according to a person's .

A) age
B) sex
C) prior drug experience
D) body weight

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an inhalant?

A) nitroglycerin
B) cocaine
C) benzene
D) snuff

Question 5

is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.

A) Pharmacokinetics
B) Psychopharmacology
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Biochemistry

Question 6

A drug is when it changes from solid to liquid after being mixed with a liquid.

A) dissolved
B) suspended
C) diffused
D) absorbed

Question 7

Two occasions for not taking a drug are when the drug irritates body tissue, or if large volumes of solution must be used.

A) subcutaneously
B) intramuscularly
C) intravenously
D) orally

Question 8

Which of the following is not an advantage of injecting drugs intravenously?

A) absorption rate can be controlled by using different solutions
B) drugs that irritate tissue can be taken
C) effects can be immediate
D) doses can be precisely adjusted

Question 9

Which of the following is a common site for intramuscular drug injection?

A) buttocks
B) deltoid
C) thigh
D) all of these
E) buttocks or deltoid only

Question 10

Once in the bloodstream, orally-administered drugs pass through the before reaching the brain.

A) kidneys
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) pituitary gland

Question 11

One characteristic of the subcutaneous route of injection is its associated and absorption rate.

A) slow, sporadic
B) rapid, sporadic
C) slow, constant
D) rapid, constant

Question 12

The process by which the body breaks down matter into more simple components and waste is known as ____________.

A) absorption
B) metabolism
C) synthesis
D) biotransformation

Question 13

The presence of food in the stomach absorption and the maximum drug level achieved for orally administered drugs.

A) speeds up; increases
B) speeds up; decreases
C) delays; increases
D) delays; decreases

Question 14

A common street term for injecting a drug intravenously is .

A) freebasing
B) going cold turkey
C) mainlining
D) tripping

Question 15

In research, means to be able to account for variables that may affect the results of a study.

A) independence
B) blindness
C) control
D) none of these

Question 16

Which of the following methods of drug injection is preferred medically for drugs that are not irritating to body tissue?

A) intramuscular
B) intravenous
C) subcutaneous
D) none of these

Question 17

When, in a series of events, what happens in a later event alters those preceding it, it is known as a relationship.

A) contingent
B) feedback
C) causal
D) concurrent

Question 18

is the branch of pharmacology that concerns the absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs.

A) pharmacokinetics
B) pharmacodynamics
C) pharmacotherapy
D) metabolism

Question 19

Which of the following is not an advantage of the oral route of drug administration?

A) it is safe
B) it has the quickest rate of absorption
C) it is convenient
D) it is economical

Question 20

The effect of a drug depends most fundamentally on .

A) body size
B) how much drug is taken
C) psychological set
D) the amount of food in the stomach

Question 21

Which of the following systems does not receive major portions of a drug rapidly due to a high volume of drug flow?

A) muscles
B) heart
C) brain
D) kidney

Question 22

Which of the following is not a way in which drugs are excreted from the body?

A) directly in the feces
B) in liver bile
C) in mother's milk
D) through the lungs
E) all of these are ways in which drugs are excreted

Question 23

Freebase is most often .

A) sniffed
B) inhaled
C) injected
D) none of these

Question 24

is an example of a medication that is administered sublingually.

A) lithium
B) nitroglycerin
C) insulin
D) prozac

Question 25

Which of the following is a method used to administer barbiturates?

A) oral
B) rectal
C) subcutaneous
D) intramuscular
E) all of these

Question 26

Which of the following results has not been seen in needle exchange programs?

A) an increase in IV drug use
B) less needle sharing
C) addicts more often clean their syringes in bleach
D) all of these have resulted from needle exchange programs

Question 27

Which of the following conditions lead to more rapid drug absorption?

A) when there is more blood flow at the site of absorption
B) when the absorbing surface is smaller
C) when drugs are taken in suspension, rather than aqueous solution
D) all of these

Question 28

Which of the following drugs has no set range of elimination because its metabolites are used too efficiently in the body to be measured reliably?

A) marijuana
B) LSD
C) cocaine
D) alcohol

Question 29

The route of administration is preferable to oral administration for drugs that irritate the stomach and cause vomiting.

A) intravenous
B) intramuscular
C) transdermal
D) sublingual

Question 30

Which of the following affect drug distribution?

A) blood flow
B) fat solubility of the drug
C) diffusibility of membranes
D) all of these
E) blood flow and diffusibility of membranes only

Question 31

One way that is administered involves sprinkling it on marijuana, parsley, tobacco, or other substance that can be smoked.

A) PCP
B) MDA
C) LSD
D) Psilocybin

Question 32

The is the most important organ for excretion of drugs and their metabolites.

A) liver
B) kidney
C) pancreas
D) none of these

Question 33

Which of the following drugs is commonly sniffed?

A) cocaine
B) heroin
C) tobacco
D) all of these
E) cocaine and tobacco only

Question 34

A drug that is administered transdermally .

A) is placed under the tongue
B) passes through the skin
C) is injected into muscle tissue
D) is sniffed

Question 35

Enzymes in the are important in the metabolization of drugs.

A) kidneys
B) liver
C) gastrointestinal tract
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 36

Freebase refers to a form of that is inhaled.

A) amphetamine
B) LSD
C) cocaine
D) benzodiazepine

Question 37

means that the rate at which a drug is metabolized is independent of its concentration in the blood.

A) Zero-order kinetics
B) First-order kinetics
C) First-pass metabolization
D) Bioavailability

Question 38

is the portion of the original drug dose that reaches its site of action or that reaches a fluid in the body that gives the drug access to its site of action.

A) Bioavailability
B) Effective dose
C) Therapeutic index
D) Drug potency

Question 39

A drug that is taken sublingually is .

A) injected just below the skin surface
B) sniffed
C) dropped into the eye
D) placed under the tongue

Question 40

Which of the following is most rapidly absorbed?

A) drugs taken in solid form
B) drugs taken in suspension
C) drugs taken in water solution
D) drugs taken in oily solution

Question 41

In a prototypic dose-effect curve, the vertical axis refers to the and the horizontal axis refers to the __________.

A) range of drug doses, effect size
B) effect size, number of drugs
C) number of drugs, effect size
D) effect size, range of drug doses

Question 42

Drinking large quantities of water would be an example of an attempt to alter the results of a drug test by _________.

A) dilution
B) adulteration
C) substitution
D) none of these

Question 43

Drugs administered intranasally should be water-soluble rather than fat-soluble because of the high water content in the nasal cavity.

Question 44

The sublingual route of drug administration is slower and less efficient than oral administration.

Question 45

reflects the amount of latitude there is in a drug dose before a stronger effect is reached.

A) Slope
B) Potency
C) Effective dose
D) Synergism

Question 46

The therapeutic index is .

A) a list of the effective doses of medications
B) the dosage of a drug needed to produce its intended effect
C) a measure of a drug's safety in medical care
D) computed as the ration ED 50/ LD 50

Question 47

One advantage of inhaling a drug is that large amounts of the drug can be absorbed in one administration.

Question 48

Pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that concerns the absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs.

Question 49

What does the pharmacological phrase ED 60 mean?

A) 60% of nonhuman lab animals die at this particular dose
B) 40% of nonhuman lab animals die at this particular dose
C) 60% of the patients who receive a given dose will experience a particular effect
D) 40% of the patients who receive a given dose will experience a particular effect

Question 50

The safest of the three methods of injecting drugs is the intravenous method.

Question 51

Intravenous (IV) drug use is an important risk factor for AIDS among heterosexuals.

Question 52

When a drug is fat soluble, sniffing is a rapid and effective way to absorb it.

Question 53

Which of the following drugs can be detected in the system for up to one month following chronic use?

A) opiates
B) benzodiazepines
C) marijuana
D) cocaine

Question 54

is a term referring to the minimum dose of a drug that yields its efficacy.

A) Effective dose
B) Therapeutic index
C) Drug potency
D) Placebo

Question 55

How many poppy seed bagels would need to be consumed in order to obtain a positive screen for opiates?

A) 2
B) 10
C) 25
D) 100

Question 56

How long can alcohol be detected in the system by using a drug test?

A) up to one day
B) up to one week
C) up to one month
D) none of the above

Question 57

Confirmatory testing of positive drug screens is important because the screening methods that are used are wrong _____ of the time.

A) 10 - 20 %
B) 25 - 35 %
C) 40 - 50 %
D) 65 - 75 %

Question 58

The elimination of a drug from the body often is associated with changes that are opposite to those that were caused by the drug. These are sometimes called .

A) flashbacks
B) rebound effects
C) delirium tremens
D) withdrawal symptoms

Question 59

In , the combined effects of multiple drugs is greater than the sum of the parts.

A) summation
B) potentiation
C) exponentiation
D) antagonism

Question 60

is a term that refers to the diminished effect of a drug when another drug is present.

A) Antagonism
B) Synergism
C) Potentiation
D) Rebound

Question 61

What are the possible types of interactions when two or more drugs are used?

Question 62

Therapeutic index is a term referring to a drug's utility in medical care and is computed as a ratio (LD 50/ED 50).

Question 63

Why is awareness of drug interactions important? What is the difference between the qualitative and quantitative drug interaction effects?

Question 64

A biphasic drug effect occurs when a drug effect first goes in one direction as drug dose increases, but the effect changes direction as drug dose continues to increase.

Question 65

A drug's half-life is the time it takes for a drug's effects to become half as potent.

Question 66

Amphetamines have an antagonistic effect on those of alcohol, reducing alcohol's impairment of motor skills.

Question 67

Recent research has indicated that environmental differences do not seem to play a role in the pharmacokinetics of drug metabolism.

Question 68

Studies have shown that different ethnic groups may show differences in responsiveness to certain prescription drugs.

Question 69

Describe the processes involved in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. What major organs are involved in these processes?

Question 70

What are the main methods of drug administration? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Question 71

The "first-pass effect" refers to drug metabolism in the liver.

Question 72

Marijuana is an example of a drug with affinity for fatty tissue which allows it to register in the blood for some time.

Question 73

The effects of alcohol and barbiturates are synergistic and combining the two has led to many accidental deaths.

Question 74

The transdermal route of drug administration is an effective one for most drugs.

Question 75

Valium is an example of a drug that can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier because it is highly fat soluble.

Question 76

Metabolites of some drugs cause unwanted side effects while those of other drugs cause desired psychoactive effects.

Question 77

Drugs that are more soluble in lipids (fats) are less readily absorbed than other drugs.

Question 78

What is a dose-effect curve? How is it used?

Question 79

The amount of time that marijuana can be detected in the body depends upon whether use is acute or chronic.

Question 80

Drug potency refers to the largest amount of a drug than can be taken safely.