Deck 14: Politics and Government in Global Perspective

Question 1

In 2009,the Tea Party movement emerged to support more constitutionally limited government and to oppose various stimulus and bailout programs that use federal monies.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Military juntas result when military officers seize power from the government,as has happened in recent decades in Argentina,Chile,and Haiti.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Although it took some time,the military is now one of the most gender egalitarian institutions in our country.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Militarism is a societal focus on military ideals and an aggressive preparedness for war.Core U.S.values such as patriotism,courage,reverence,loyalty,obedience,and faith in authority help to support militarism.

Question 5

People have a lower tendency to accept authority as legitimate if they are economically or politically dependent on those who hold power.They may also accept authority more readily if it reflects their own beliefs and values.

Question 6

Symbolic interactionists acknowledge that the government serves a number of important purposes in society;they assert that government exists for the benefit of wealthy or politically powerful elites who use the government to impose their will on the masses.

Question 7

The iron triangle of power is a three-way arrangement in which a private interest group (usually a corporation),a congressional committee or subcommittee,and a bureaucratic agency make the final decision on a political issue that is to be decided by that agency.

Question 8

Thinking about U.S.politics and government in the future is very much like the old story about optimists and pessimists.That is,some analysts view the future in optimistic terms while other analysts view the role of U.S.politics and government in the future in pessimistic terms.

Question 9

According to a New York Times/CBS News poll,Tea Party supporters are poorer and less educated than the general public.

Question 10

Some members of Congress have been willing to support measures that expand the government- corporation complex because doing so provides a unique opportunity for them to assist their local constituencies by authorizing funding for defense-related industries and military bases in their home districts.These activities constitute a long-standing political practice known as stacking the deck.

Question 11

The Tea Party movement is pessimistic about the direction that its members think the United States has taken under the Obama administration,and the group wants to do something about it.

Question 12

In absolute monarchies,the royalty serve as symbolic rulers or heads of state while actual authority is held by elected officials in national parliaments.

Question 13

Participation in politics is influenced by gender,age,race/ethnicity,and especially socioeconomic
status (SES).The rate of participation increases as a person's socioeconomic status increases.

Question 14

The pluralist model is rooted in a functionalist perspective,which assumes that people share a consensus on central concerns,such as freedom and protection from harm,and that the government serves important functions no other institution can fulfill.

Question 15

Power is a dimension in the structure of social stratification.Persons in positions of power control valuable resources of society and are able to direct the actions of others while protecting and enhancing the privileged social position of their class.

Question 16

War is a form of undeclared violence by people who are seeking to promote their cause or resist social policies or practices that they consider oppressive.

Question 17

The United States is an example of a pure democracy.

Question 18

Politics is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some people and groups.

Question 19

According to sociologist Max Weber,in traditional authority,the governmental bureaucracy is the apparatus responsible for creating and enforcing rules in the public interest.Traditional authority is the only means to attain efficient,flexible,and competent regulation under a rule of law.

Question 20

A nation-state is a unit of political organization that has recognizable national boundaries and whose citizens possess specific legal rights and obligations.They emerge as countries develop specific geographic territories and acquire greater ability to defend their borders.

Question 21

Most leaders do not want to base their power on force alone;they seek to legitimize their power by turning it into______________,which is the power that people accept as legitimate rather than coercive.

A)control
B)leverage
C)authority
D)political influence

Question 22

The continual interplay of race and gender that reinforces traditional structures of power in contemporary societies is referred to as:

A)routinized sexism
B)racism
C)gendered matriarchy
D)racialized patriarchy

Question 23

According to Weber,______________is power that is legitimized on the basis of long-standing custom.

A)charismatic authority
B)rational-legal authority
C)coercive authority
D)traditional authority

Question 24

Sociologist Max Weber outlined three ideal types of authority,which include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)charismatic authority
B)traditional authority
C)coercive authority
D)rational-legal authority

Question 25

War is a form of______________by people who are seeking to promote their cause or resist social policies or practices that they consider oppressive.

A)collective violence
B)undeclared war
C)terrorism
D)declared war

Question 26

The______________is the political entity that possesses a legitimate monopoly over the use of force within its territory to achieve its goals.

A)government
B)state
C)bureaucracy
D)executive branch

Question 27

Political terrorism is actually considered a form of unconventional warfare.It uses intimidation,coercion,threats of harm,and other violence that attempts to bring about a significant change in or overthrow an existing government.

Question 28

______________ is the area of sociology that examines the nature and consequences of power within or between societies,as well as the social and political conflicts that lead to changes in the allocation of power.

A)Governmental sociology
B)Institutional sociology
C)Political sociology
D)Cultural sociology

Question 29

Analysis of media coverage has found that the U.S.media has done an inadequate job of covering the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Question 30

Sociologist G.William Domhoff argues that the media:

A)tend to be totally neutral in news coverage
B)tend to reflect the biases of those with access to them
C)are more powerful than government officials
D)are more powerful than corporate leaders

Question 31

______________ are especially concerned about how the social institutions of politics and the economy operate and how the time that people spend with various forms of media influences their perspectives on life in the global community.

A)Government analysts
B)Economic analysts
C)Anthropologists
D)Sociologists

Question 32

______________ is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some people and groups.

A)Government
B)Economics
C)Politics
D)The military

Question 33

Which of the following statements regarding power is FALSE?

A)Power is a social relationship that involves both leaders and followers.
B)Power is a dimension in the structure of social stratification.
C)Persons in positions of power control valuable resources of society.
D)The most basic form of power is political influence.

Question 34

In 2013 Facebook had more than one billion registered users.

Question 35

______________ is the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others.Through the use of persuasion,authority,or force,some people are able to get others to submit to their demands.

A)Authority
B)Power
C)Control
D)Leverage

Question 36

British kings and queens historically traced their authority from God.Members of subordinate classes obey a leader's edicts out of economic and political dependency,and sometimes personal loyalty.This example illustrates:

A)coercive authority
B)rational-legal authority
C)charismatic authority
D)traditional authority

Question 37

People have a greater tendency to accept authority as legitimate if they are______________________________________________________________________ dependent on those who hold power.

A)economically or politically
B)institutionally or economically
C)politically or culturally
D)culturally or institutionally

Question 38

______________ is the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its borders.

A)Government
B)Economics
C)Politics
D)The military

Question 39

Since the introduction of the volunteer forces,considerable pressure has been placed on the military to recruit women.In 2011,women made up 14 percent of the total uniformed force.

Question 40

More soldiers have died in Iraq and Afghanistan than in either World War I or World War II.

Question 41

______________ is a political system in which power resides in one person or family and is passed from generation to generation through lines of inheritance.

A)Monarchy
B)Totalitarianism
C)Communism
D)Democracy

Question 42

______________ authority is held by elected or appointed government officials and by officers in a formal organization.However,authority is invested in the office,not in the person who holds the office.

A)Charismatic
B)Traditional
C)Rational-legal
D)Coercive

Question 43

Such diverse historical figures as Jesus Christ,Napoleon,Julius Caesar,Adolf Hitler,Winston Churchill,Franklin Roosevelt,Martin Luther King,Jr. ,and Cesar Chavez,are examples of leaders.

A)traditional
B)charismatic
C)rational-legal
D)bureaucratic

Question 44

All of the following are characteristics of charismatic authority EXCEPT that:

A)it tends to be temporary and relatively unstable
B)it may be legitimized by extraordinary insight
C)it often becomes legitimized on the basis of long-standing custom
D)it is usually limited to a small number of faithful followers

Question 45

"Patriarchy differentiates women from men while privileging men.Racism simultaneously differentiates people of color from whites and privileges whiteness." The statement is representative of what concept?

A)racialized patriarchy
B)patriarchal colonization
C)ethnic genderization
D)gendered ethnicity

Question 46

Sociologist Max Weber believed that______________authority was the only means to attain efficient,flexible,and competent regulation under a rule of law.

A)coercive
B)traditional
C)rational-legal
D)charismatic

Question 47

In______________monarchies,a powerful figure claims a hereditary right to rule (based on membership in a noble family)or a divine right to rule (a God-given right to rule that legitimizes the exercise of power).

A)constitutional
B)limited
C)absolute
D)total

Question 48

Gender,race,and class relations are closely intertwined with______________authority.

A)matriarchy
B)unilateralism
C)traditional
D)totalitarianism

Question 49

______________ is a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government.

A)Authoritarianism
B)Totalitarianism
C)Monarchy
D)Democracy

Question 50

In______________monarchies,the royalty serve as symbolic rulers or heads of state while actual authority is held by elected officials in the national parliaments.

A)constitutional
B)limited
C)absolute
D)total

Question 51

The______________of charisma occurs when charismatic authority is succeeded by a bureaucracy controlled by a rationally established authority or by a combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority.

A)traditionalization
B)bureaucratization
C)routinization
D)modernization

Question 52

Approximately 193 nation-states currently exist throughout the world.Which of the following is not one of the four main types of political systems found in nation-states?

A)monarchy
B)communism
C)authoritarianism
D)totalitarianism

Question 53

A______________is a unit of political organization that has recognizable national boundaries and whose citizens possess specific legal rights and obligations.

A)city-state
B)metropolis
C)commonwealth
D)nation-state

Question 54

Although the U.S.Constitution grants______________authority to the office of the presidency,a president who fails to uphold the public trust may be removed from office.

A)traditional
B)rational-legal
C)charismatic
D)coercive

Question 55

Rational-legal authority is also known as______________authority,which is based on an organizational structure that includes a clearly defined division of labor,hierarchy of authority,formal rules,and impersonality.

A)bureaucratic
B)routinized
C)democratic
D)capitalistic

Question 56

When cities developed circa 3500-3000 B.C.E. ,the______________(a city whose power extended to adjacent areas)became the center of political power.

A)city-state
B)metropolis
C)village
D)nation-state

Question 57

According to sociologist Max Weber,______________authority is power legitimized by law or written rules and regulations.

A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)coercive
D)rational-legal

Question 58

Unlike absolute monarchs,______________monarchies are not considered to be above the law.

A)symbolic
B)limited
C)legal
D)total

Question 59

According to sociologist Max Weber,______________authority is power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities,or the demonstration of extraordinary insight and accomplishment that inspire loyalty and obedience from followers.

A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)coercive
D)rational-legal

Question 60

The royal families in the United Kingdom,Sweden,Spain,and the Netherlands are present-day examples of:

A)absolute monarchies
B)limited monarchies
C)constitutional monarchies
D)total monarchies

Question 61

According to sociologist______________,the purpose of government is to socialize people to be good citizens,to regulate the economy so that it operates effectively,and to provide necessary services for citizens.

A)Karl Marx
B)Emile Durkheim
C)Robert Merton
D)Herbert Spencer

Question 62

Political scientists Dye,Zeigler,and Schubert summarized the key elements of pluralism.Which of the following is NOT one of these concepts?

A)Decisions are made on behalf of the people by leaders who engage in a process of bargaining,accommodation,and compromise.
B)Veto groups are strictly prohibited.
C)Public policy is not always based on majority preference;rather,it reflects a balance among competing interest groups.
D)Power is widely dispersed in society.

Question 63

______________ relies on modern technology to monitor and control people;mass propaganda and electronic surveillance are widely used to influence people's thinking and control their actions.

A)Monarchy
B)Authoritarianism
C)Totalitarianism
D)Democracy

Question 64

______________is/are political coalitions made up of individuals or groups that share a specific interest they wish to protect or advance with the help of the political system. _____________

A)Political action committees
B)Power elites
C)Special interest groups
D)Ruling class

Question 65

Examples of include the AFL-CIO (representing the majority of labor unions)and _____________
Citizen groups such as the American Conservative Union and Zero Population Growth.

A)special interest groups
B)power elites
C)ruling class
D)political action committees

Question 66

A party won 40 percent of the vote and received 40 seats in the 100-seat legislative body;the other party won 60 percent of the vote and received the remaining 60 seats in the 100-seat legislative body.This is an example of:

A)direct participatory democracy
B)universal representation
C)representative democracy
D)proportional representation

Question 67

The U.S.Constitution requires that each state have______________senators and a minimum of member in the House of Representatives.The current size of the House of Representatives (435 seats)has not changed since the apportionment following the 1910 census.

A)four;one
B)one;three
C)three;two
D)two;one

Question 68

Today,______________regimes exist in Fidel Castro's Cuba and in the People's Republic of China.These types of regimes seek to control the media and to suppress coverage of any topics or information that does not reflect upon the regime in a favorable light.

A)authoritarian
B)totalitarian
C)monarchy
D)democratic

Question 69

The pluralist model is rooted in a______________perspective,which assumes that people share a consensus on central concerns,such as freedom and protection from harm,and that the government serves important functions no other institution can fulfill.

A)conflict
B)symbolic interactionist
C)functionalist
D)postmodernist

Question 70

In a representative democracy,elected representatives are supposed to convey the concerns and interests of those they represent,and the government is expected to:

A)consult only members of their parties
B)exclude the opinions of the people in their decisions
C)be responsive to the wishes of the people
D)decide what is best for the people

Question 71

Broad categories of______________include banking,business,education,energy,the environment,health,labor,persons with a disability,religious groups,retired persons,women,and those espousing a specific ideological viewpoint.

A)political action committees
B)power elites
C)ruling class
D)special interest groups

Question 72

Many nations do not recognize totalitarian regimes as being the______________government of a particular country.Afghanistan in the year 2001 was an example.

A)totalitarian
B)legitimate
C)illegitimate
D)democratic

Question 73

In dictatorships,power is gained and held by a single individual.Pure dictatorships are rare;all rulers need the support of the military and the backing of business elites to maintain their position.Dictatorships occur in______________.

A)constitutional monarchies
B)totalitarian regimes
C)authoritarian regimes
D)democracies

Question 74

______________ is a political system in which the people hold the ruling power either directly or through elected representatives.

A)Totalitarianism
B)Democracy
C)Monarchy
D)Authoritarianism

Question 75

Contemporary functionalists state that there are four main functions of government.Which of the following is NOT one of these functions?

A)maintaining law and order
B)planning and directing society
C)handling international relations,including warfare
D)ensuring intimacy within the family

Question 76

According to the______________model,power in political systems is widely dispersed throughout many competing interest groups.

A)pluralist
B)elite
C)distributive
D)ruling class

Question 77

______________ requires that citizens be able to meet together regularly to debate and decide the issues of the day.

A)Representative democracy
B)Symbolic democracy
C)Direct participatory democracy
D)Independent involvement democracy

Question 78

______________ result when military officers seize power from the government,as has happened in recent decades in Argentina,Chile,and Haiti.

A)Absolute monarchies
B)Military juntas
C)Dictatorships
D)Direct participatory democracies

Question 79

______________ is a political system in which the state seeks to regulate all aspects of people's public and private lives.

A)Democracy
B)Totalitarianism
C)Monarchy
D)Authoritarianism

Question 80

In the United States,people have a voice in the government through______________,whereby citizens elect representatives to serve as bridges between themselves and the government.

A)direct participatory democracy
B)representative democracy
C)symbolic democracy
D)independent involvement democracy