Deck 5: Fats, Oils, and Other Lipids

Question 1

Which of the following has the smallest impact on your LDL cholesterol level?

A)cholesterol intake
B)trans fat intake
C)They all have equal impact.
D)saturated fat intake

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which is correct regarding trans fats?

A)They raise LDL and HDL.
B)They raise triglycerides and lower LDL.
C)They raise blood pressure.
D)They raise LDL and lower HDL.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What has the FDA mandated be added to foods containing olestra?

A)fat- soluble vitamins
B)water
C)vitamins C and K
D)zinc and calcium

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The phosphorus- containing head of a phospholipid attracts water and is

A)hydrophobic.
B)nonpolar.
C)polar.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 5

Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

A)linoleic acid
B)oleic acid
C)stearic acid
D)alpha- linolenic acid

Question 6

HDLs remove cholesterol from the cells and deliver it to the

A)pancreas.
B)gall bladder.
C)liver.
D)heart.

Question 7

Which of the following is not correct regarding phytosterols?

A)They are found in plant cell membranes.
B)They are found naturally in many vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds.
C)They compete with cholesterol for absorption in the intestinal tract.
D)They raise LDL cholesterol as much as saturated fat.

Question 8

Where should the majority of fat in the Mediterranean diet come from?

A)cheese
B)eggs
C)dairy
D)olive oil and olives

Question 9

What is produced by hydrogenating unsaturated fat?

A)trans fat
B)monounsaturated fat
C)saturated fat
D)polyunsaturated fat

Question 10

All of the following are eicosanoids except

A)thromboxanes.
B)cholesterol.
C)prostaglandins.
D)leukotrienes.

Question 11

Which of the following types of seafood should pregnant women not consume?

A)flatfish
B)swordfish
C)scallops
D)cod

Question 12

Which of the following delivers fat made in the liver to your tissues?

A)chylomicron
B)HDL
C)VLDL
D)LDL

Question 13

All the following markers in the blood are signs of heart disease except

A)elevated apolipoprotein B (ApoB).
B)low levels of C- reactive protein.
C)high LDL levels.
D)high homocysteine levels.

Question 14

Max eats 2,400 calories per day and wants no more than 30 percent of his calories to be from fat. What is the maximum number of fat grams he can eat in a day?

A)720
B)80
C)100
D)30

Question 15

Sterols contain how many glycerol and fatty acid groups?

A)5
B)0
C)2
D)3

Question 16

Chylomicrons transports lipids via which body system?

A)endocrine
B)lymphatic
C)integumentary
D)cardiovascular

Question 17

Arterial plaque contains all of the following except

A)calcium.
B)platelets.
C)foam cells.
D)fluoride.

Question 18

Which lipoprotein has the highest cholesterol content?

A)HDL
B)VLDL
C)LDL
D)chylomicron

Question 19

The two essential fatty acids are

A)PUFA and MUFA.
B)monoglycerides and diglycerides.
C)cholesterol and trans fatty acids.
D)linoleic and alpha- linolenic acid.

Question 20

All of the following can raise HDL cholesterol except

A)eating fiber.
B)getting regular exercise.
C)losing excess fat.
D)quitting smoking.

Question 21

Which of the following is a common name for fat?

A)cholesterol
B)phospholipids
C)triglycerides
D)sterols

Question 22

Lipids contain all the following molecules except

A)oxygen.
B)hydrogen.
C)nitrogen.
D)carbon.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a lipoprotein?

A)chylomicron
B)LDL
C)VLDL
D)micelle

Question 24

Which benefit is associated with omega- 3 fatty acids?

A)reduce atherosclerosis
B)lower blood pressure
C)prevention of irregular heartbeat
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 25

What percent of total calories should come from linoleic acid?

A)5 to 10 percent
B)6 to 12 percent
C)0.5 to 1 percent
D)0.6 to 1.2 percent

Question 26

Which of the following terms encompasses all the other terms listed?

A)LDL
B)VLDL
C)HDL
D)lipoprotein

Question 27

A fatty acid that has one double bond is called a

A)unsaturated fatty acid.
B)saturated fatty acid.
C)polyunsaturated fatty acid.
D)monounsaturated fatty acid.

Question 28

Which of the following types of lipoprotein contains the highest percentage of protein?

A)LDL
B)VLDL
C)chylomicron
D)HDL

Question 29

High blood levels of cholesterol and fat are likely contributors to atherosclerosis.

Question 30

Which of the following is a major component of cell membranes?

A)sterols
B)phospholipids
C)cholesterol
D)triglycerides

Question 31

Which of the following lipids is a precursor for both vitamin D and testosterone?

A)eicosanoids
B)alpha- linolenic acid
C)saturated fat
D)cholesterol

Question 32

Which of the following is/are a precursor of bile, vitamin D, and some sex hormones?

A)triglycerides
B)alpha- linolenic acid
C)cholesterol
D)phospholipids

Question 33

Which is the most effective way to improve HDL cholesterol levels?

A)by lowering polyunsaturated fat intake
B)by lowering saturated fat intake
C)by drinking green tea
D)by engaging in routine exercise

Question 34

Phospholipids are made up of how many fatty acid chains?

A)4
B)3
C)2
D)1

Question 35

Syndrome X includes all following conditions except

A)high blood pressure.
B)abdominal obesity.
C)elevated levels of HDL cholesterol.
D)too much insulin in the blood.

Question 36

The current AMDR recommendation for fat in the American diet is

A)10 to 15 percent.
B)35 to 50 percent.
C)25 to 30 percent.
D)20 to 35 percent.

Question 37

Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are called oils.

Question 38

Sterol has four connecting rings of which of the following?

A)carbon and oxygen
B)calcium and hydrogen
C)hydrogen and oxygen
D)carbon and hydrogen

Question 39

Which of the following lipids do not contain a glycerol backbone?

A)phospholipids
B)monoglycerides
C)triglycerides
D)sterols

Question 40

What do high levels of C- reactive protein in the blood indicate?

A)that a person's HDL will rise in the next few weeks
B)that a person needs to consume more linoleic acid
C)that a person's risk of type 2 diabetes is low
D)that there is inflammation in the walls of the arteries

Question 41

Vitamins C and E, and beta- carotene are considered "pro" heart health because they are antioxidants, which appear to protect HDL cholesterol from being oxidized.

Question 42

The decrease in estrogen in postmenopausal women plays a part in the increased risk of heart disease that occurs in older women.

Question 43

When describing lipids, the term hydrophobic means that they can readily dissolve in water.

Question 44

LDL is a type of lipoprotein that carries digested fat from the GI tract through the lymph system.

Question 45

Your body needs cholesterol as the precursor for vitamin A, bile acids, and sex hormones.

Question 46

Fatty acids have a chain of carbon and nitrogen atoms with an acid at one end.

Question 47

Americans eat more fat now than 50 years ago.

Question 48

A diet low in unsaturated fat and trans fat can reduce your risk of heart disease.

Question 49

The lipid bilayer of cell membranes is primarily made up of phospholipids.

Question 50

Eating one egg yolk a day may not be associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

Question 51

Triglycerides contain a glycerol backbone attached to four fatty acids.

Question 52

Carbohydrate- based fat substitutes use plant polysaccharides to help retain moisture and provide a fatlike texture.

Question 53

Lecithin and bile are examples of emulsifiers.

Question 54

Most of the fat in the Mediterranean diet comes from fish oil.

Question 55

All fat- free foods are healthy for you.

Question 56

VLDL is a lipoprotein that delivers fat made in the liver to various tissues.

Question 57

Unlike triglycerides, sterols contain glycerol or fatty acids.

Question 58

Unsaturated fatty acids pack together more tightly than saturated fatty acids; this is why they become liquid at room temperature.

Question 59

The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid suggests eating red meat only occasionally.

Question 60

The omega- 6 fatty acids DHA and EPA found in fish are protective against heart disease and stroke.

Question 61

Lecithin is a phospholipid that is used as an emulsifier in many foods.

Question 62

Having an HDL level of 40 mg/dl or higher is considered a protective factor for heart disease.

Question 63

Teas are high the flavonoid catechin, which is similar to antioxidants.

Question 64

Real butter has less trans fat than stick margarine.

Question 65

Fat- free versions of cookies always have fewer calories than their full- fat counterparts.

Question 66

During hydrogenation of an unsaturated fatty acid, trans fats are created.

Question 67

High blood cholesterol levels can partly be due to genetic causes.

Question 68

Naturally occurring sterols found in plants are called phytosterols.

Question 69

It is recommended that you consume at least one serving of fish per week to obtain the necessary omega- 3 fatty acids.

Question 70

Trans fats raise LDL and do not affect HDL levels.

Question 71

Metabolic syndrome and syndrome X are two names for the same syndrome.

Question 72

Transport carriers that enable fat and cholesterol to travel through the blood and lymph are known as lipoproteins.

Question 73

Type 1 diabetes is a preventable risk factor for heart disease.

Question 74

The greater the amount of cholesterol, the higher the density of the transport carrier.

Question 75

Lipids are hydrophilic, which means they do not dissolve in water.

Question 76

More women in the United States die each year from breast cancer than from heart disease.

Question 77

The lipoprotein made in the liver to transport just- eaten fat is the chylomicron.

Question 78

Your heart, liver, and resting muscles prefer fat as their fuel source, which spares glucose to be used for your nervous system and red blood cells.

Question 79

Long- chained fatty acids are not absorbed into the bloodstream directly and need transport carriers called chylomicrons.

Question 80

The primary risk factor for heart disease is elevated LDL cholesterol.