Deck 5: Stop and Frisk, Border Seizures, and Stationhouse Detentions

Question 1

A frisk is a Fourth Amendment:

A)seizure of a property.
B)search of property.
C)search of a person.
D)seizure of a person.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The location of concern in Pennsylvania v.Mimms was a:

A)factory.
B)vehicle.
C)border checkpoint.
D)stationhouse.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the absence of some justification,the overt display of police weapons during a stop may convert the stop into a/an:

A)seizure.
B)search.
C)arrest.
D)detention.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In vehicle stops,a drug courier profile may be considered when looking at

A)proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
B)the preponderance of the evidence.
C)discrimination.
D)the totality of circumstances.

Question 5

A person has been seized under the Fourth Amendment if a reasonable person would believe:

A)the police want to seize their property.
B)the police want to search their person.
C)they are not free to leave.
D)the police want to ask them questions.

Question 6

A frisk is a pat-down of the outer clothing to find:

A)controlled substances.
B)evidence of any type of crime.
C)identification materials.
D)weapons.

Question 7

The case where the U.S.Supreme Court first authorized stop and frisk was:

A)Minnesota v.Dickerson.
B)Terry v.Ohio.
C)Mapp v.Ohio.
D)Adams v.Williams.

Question 8

In which respect are a stop and an arrest similar? Both:

A)require probable cause.
B)require reasonable suspicion.
C)are usually conducted with a warrant.
D)are Fourth Amendment seizures of a person.

Question 9

An officer makes a valid stop for a non-violent offense.Which of the following actions by the officer is NOT automatically justified?

A)Asking questions about the offense
B)Asking questions about the suspect's destination
C)Requiring the suspect to remain with the officer
D)Conducting a frisk

Question 10

To remain within Fourth Amendment bounds,a stop must:

A)last no longer than necessary.
B)not involve incriminating questions.
C)not last longer than 20 minutes.
D)not,under any circumstances,involve a police display of weapons.

Question 11

An officer makes a valid stop of an automobile.The officer has a reasonable suspicion that the suspect,who has exited the vehicle,is armed and dangerous.With regard to the passenger compartment of the vehicle,the officer may:

A)search it immediately.
B)not search it until after a search warrant is obtained.
C)search it,but only if the officer has probable cause.
D)search it only after obtaining consent from the driver.

Question 12

For a stop and frisk to be valid,there must be reasonable suspicion to:

A)frisk.
B)stop.
C)stop and frisk.
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

The case of Minnesota v.Dickerson involved:

A)the frisk in stop and frisk.
B)the stop in stop and frisk.
C)both the frisk and the stop in stop and frisk.
D)probable cause to arrest.

Question 14

When police detain a person during a stop longer than is reasonable,the stop becomes a/an:

A)seizure.
B)search.
C)stationhouse detention.
D)arrest.

Question 15

Under which of the following circumstances can the police use stationhouse detention for fingerprinting?

A)When reasonable suspicion exists
B)When probable cause exists
C)With the suspect's consent
D)When probable cause exists and with the suspect's consent

Question 16

A stop is a Fourth Amendment:

A)seizure of property.
B)search of property.
C)search of a person.
D)seizure of a person.

Question 17

After making a valid stop of a vehicle the officer can order the driver to exit the vehicle only if he/she has which of the following?

A)Reasonable suspicion
B)Probable cause
C)A warrant
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Florida v.Royer involves the legality of using:

A)a drug courier profile.
B)racial profiling.
C)a smuggler identification checklist.
D)a controlled substances suspect checklist.

Question 19

In Illinois v.Wardlow (2000)the U.S.Supreme Court held that a stop was justified,at least in part,by:

A)information from a reliable informant.
B)a flyer or bulletin from another jurisdiction.
C)the smell of marijuana.
D)unprovoked flight upon seeing the police.

Question 20

The Fourth Amendment forbids:

A)unreasonable searches.
B)unreasonable searches and seizures.
C)unreasonable seizures.
D)irrational seizures.

Question 21

Under what circumstances can a frisk lawfully take place after a stop? Only:

A)if justified by concerns for safety.
B)if justified by the need to find evidence.
C)if justified to look for drugs.
D)no justification is required.

Question 22

The Court has decided that the police may stop a suspect on the basis of reasonable suspicion that the person is wanted for investigation in another:

A)jurisdiction.
B)country.
C)city.
D)both city and jurisdiction.

Question 23

Officials detain a suspected drug smuggler at the border.Detention of the suspect for more than a few minutes requires,at a minimum

A)probable cause.
B)reasonable suspicion.
C)a search warrant.
D)an arrest warrant.

Question 24

Seizure,even if the person did not attempt to leave,may be indicated by all of the following except

A)display of a weapon.
B)physical touching by the officer.
C)the use of language or tone of voice indicating that compliance with the officer's request might be compelled.
D)reaching for handcuffs.

Question 25

In Florida v.J.L.(1999),the U.S.Supreme Court refused to create a/an exception to the reasonable suspicion requirement for a stop and frisk.

A)anonymous tip
B)drug enforcement
C)murder scene
D)terrorism

Question 26

Although the Court has not directly addressed this issue,it is safe to say that which of the following is unconstitutional?

A)Stopping a motorist based on a flyer from another jurisdiction
B)Stopping a motorist based on a broken taillight
C)Stopping a motorist based on speeding
D)Stopping a motorist based on race alone

Question 27

An officer may seize an item during a frisk if it is immediately apparent that the item is:

A)money.
B)identification.
C)personal items.
D)contraband.

Question 28

For a police officer to stop a person based solely on the person's race or ethnicity would be a violation of:

A)due process.
B)equal protection.
C)the Fifth Amendment.
D)the privilege against self-incrimination.

Question 29

Stopping a person based on ethnic identity is called:

A)drug courier profiling.
B)gender profiling.
C)racial profiling.
D)standard profiling.

Question 30

A must be limited initially to a pat-down of a person's outer clothing.

A)search
B)frisk
C)warrantless search
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 31

Reasonable suspicion is required for which of the following police actions?

A)Arrest
B)Frisk
C)Stop
D)Both frisk and stop

Question 32

Reasonable suspicion can be based on a tip from an informer only if the tip:

A)satisfies both prongs on the Aguilar two-prong test.
B)carries some indicia of reliability.
C)is anonymous.
D)is from an informant involved in criminal activity.

Question 33

In addition to frisking of pedestrians under certain conditions,the Supreme Court has extended "stop and frisk" to include:

A)vehicles.
B)weapons in a car.
C)residences.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 34

The Supreme Court has held that unprovoked flight upon observing police officers may constitute reasonable suspicion sufficient to justify a/an:

A)stop.
B)arrest.
C)stationhouse detention.
D)search.

Question 35

A stop becomes an arrest when it is:

A)more than 15 minutes.
B)more than 30 minutes.
C)uncomfortable for the detainee.
D)longer than necessary.

Question 36

If a person is taken to or kept at a police station without their consent and without an arrest warrant,for the purpose of taking fingerprints,the police must have:

A)probable cause.
B)reasonable suspicion.
C)proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
D)clear and convincing evidence.

Question 37

The police have a reasonable suspicion that a traveler is carrying contraband and ask the traveler at the airport if__________they can search his luggage.The traveler refuses.The officers lack probable cause and tell the traveler he is free to go.However,they refuse to return the luggage to the traveler,telling him they are waiting for a drug-detection dog.The traveler waits for two hours,but the dog does not appear.Although lacking probable cause,the police still refuse to give the traveler the luggage,and he leaves.Under the Fourth Amendment,this police action is:

A)lawful because they told the traveler he was free to go.
B)lawful because the traveler voluntarily left the airport.
C)unlawful because the original reasonable suspicion has dissipated after two hours.
D)unlawful because the police lacked probable cause to detain the luggage or traveler.

Question 38

In order to properly seize an item during a frisk,it must immediately feel like a/an:

A)drug.
B)illegal substance.
C)weapon.
D)unidentifiable item.

Question 39

Although profiles are helpful in identifying people who are likely to commit crimes,a drug courier profile alone does not justify a Terry-type stop.The emphasis is on:

A)totality of the circumstances.
B)probable cause.
C)acquiring a warrant.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 40

A pat-down for weapons is known as a/an:

A)frisk.
B)body search.
C)individual search.
D)both frisk and body search.

Question 41

What is required to authorize Officer Lee to engage in this conduct?

A)Observe unusual conduct that leads him to believe criminal activity is about to take place or has taken place.
B)He can stop anybody to frisk them for drugs.
C)The man is black in a primarily white neighborhood.
D)Probable cause to arrest the man.

Question 42

What might justify the officers in frisking the three women for weapons?

A)She can frisk anytime she stops someone.
B)She can automatically frisk whenever three or more people are together.
C)If the officer believes they are carrying drugs.
D)If the officer reasonably believes that one or more of the women is carrying a weapon.

Question 43

A frisk is a of the outer clothing.

Question 44

To conduct a stop and/or frisk,an officer must have .

Question 45

If the man turns toward Officer Lee and waves a glass bottle in a brown paper sack at the officer,telling the officer to leave him alone,using very slurred speech,then Officer Lee

A)can stop him and ask for identification.
B)cannot stop him under any circumstances.
C)can only stop him if the officer believes him to be armed.
D)can immediately frisk the man.

Question 46

A frisk is a Fourth Amendment of a person.

Question 47

What may the officers do about an object like a small rock or marble that is not clearly a weapon she feels in a pocket of one of the women?

A)Manipulate the object to try to determine what it is
B)Pull the object out of the person's pocket
C)Ask the person to remove the object from her pocket
D)Nothing

Question 48

A stop that is unreasonably long or unreasonably intrusive may turn into a/an .

Question 49

A list of characteristics common to drug smugglers is called a drug courier

Question 50

Reasonable suspicion can arise from information that is less cause.
__________

Question 51

To justify a stationhouse detention for fingerprinting or interrogation,officers must have .

Question 52

If the man makes loud statements to Officer Lee to leave him alone,or he will hurt the officer,then Officer Lee

A)may shoot the man.
B)must leave the man alone.
C)must return to his police car.
D)may frisk for weapons.

Question 53

What justifies the officers in stopping the three women?

A)The officer has reasonable suspicion that one or more of the women has drugs.
B)The officer can stop anytime three or more people are together.
C)The officer does not like the way the three are looking at her.
D)Nothing justifies such a stop.

Question 54

On a scale of certainty,reasonable suspicion ranks lower than probable cause but higher than mere
____________.

Question 55

Officer Blake continues to approach the four and identifies himself as a police officer and asks them to stop.He is authorized

A)because he observes possible criminal activity.
B)because they are Hispanic and this is a white neighborhood.
C)because he can stop anybody at any time.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 56

Officer Blake does not see any weapons,but the bulges in the jackets could be handguns.The four stop the pushing and shoving as he approaches.He can

A)frisk all four.
B)frisk the largest person.
C)make reasonable inquiries.
D)search all four for drugs.

Question 57

The leading case in stop and frisk is .

Question 58

The four begin to surround Officer Blake,even after he asks them to stay in a line,and he observes the two with the bulging pockets stick their right hands in those pockets.He can:

A)frisk them for weapons and drugs.
B)search them for drugs.
C)have them empty their pockets onto the hood of his car.
D)frisk them for weapons for his own protection.

Question 59

If the man stops,picks up a rock,and waves it at Officer Lee,yelling at Officer Lee that he will throw the rock at him,then Officer Lee

A)can only ask for identification.
B)has probable cause to arrest for assault.
C)has only reasonable suspicion to frisk.
D)can only observe what he does next.

Question 60

A stop is a Fourth Amendment of a person.

Question 61

Consent to frisk that is not voluntary and intelligent is .

Question 62

After a stop,an officer may frisk a person if the officer reasonably suspects to himself or others.

Question 63

Terry v.Ohio is the case on stop and frisk.

Question 64

Persons stopped by the police cannot be forced to answer questions,but can be forced to
themselves.

Question 65

A search with no particular items in mind in the hopes of finding something seizable is called a
expedition.

Question 66

The investigative method used in a stop must be the least and the most reasonably available to verify or dispel the officer's suspicion.

Question 67

Racial is the practice of stopping people based solely on their race or ethnicity.

Question 68

A is to see if,by frisk,some type of usable evidence can be found on the suspect.

Question 69

Temporary detention of a person based on reasonable suspicion for the purposes of investigating crime is known as a/an _.

Question 70

Transporting or keeping a person involuntarily at a police station is known as stationhouse .

Question 71

__________is necessary for a stationhouse detention accompanied by interrogation.

Question 72

The Supreme Court held in the Terry case that police have the authority to detain a person briefly for questioning even without _.

Question 73

Stationhouse detention is a limitation of freedom than arrest.

Question 74

When an officer is justified in making a stop,a frisk does not follow a stop.

Question 75

A valid frisk may be converted into a valid search if the officer,in the course of the frisk,has probable cause to believe that the object is .

Question 76

The plain touch doctrine requires that the object must be as contraband.

Question 77

If an officer conducting a frisk feels something that is not a weapon,that thing can be seized as
evidence only if it is apparent that the item is.

Question 78

A frisk is valid only if there is that a threat to officer safety exists.

Question 79

Lawfully touching something and immediately recognizing it as seizable is known as touch.

Question 80

A frisk is limited to a of a person's outer clothing.