Deck 2: Earths Physical Systems

Question 1

_________________ are the main water -insoluble components of cell membranes.

A)Acids
B)Nucleic acids
C)Phospholipids
D)Proteins
E)Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Phospholipids

Question 2

_________________ are composed of amino acids.

A)Bases
B)Proteins
C)Nucleic acids
D)Lipids
E)Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

The force driving plate tectonics is ____________________

A)solar radiation
B)nuclear reactions in magma
C)freezing and thawing of water in the earth's crust
D)heat in the inner layers of the earth
E)gravity

Answer 3

heat in the inner layers of the earth

Question 4

Earthquakes result from _______________________

A)surges of magma from the earth's core
B)global climate change
C)release of gases from the underlying mantle
D)separation of layers within sedimentary rock
E)energy released from movement at plate boundaries and faults

Question 5

Undersea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions may produce ___________________

A)tsunamis
B)lahars
C)hurricanes
D)pyroclastic flow
E)mudslides

Question 6

We use ___________________ to catalyze the chemical reactions of digestion.

A)alcohol molecules
B)polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
C)nucleic acids
D)isotopes
E)enzymes

Question 7

______________ is defined as the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

A)Isotopic number
B)Atomic number
C)Ionic number
D)Mass number
E)Nuclear number

Question 8

An atom has 2 electrons,3 protons,and 3 neutrons.What is the atom's mass number?

A)3
B)5
C)6
D)8
E)Cannot be determined from the information given

Question 9

Cellular respiration _________________

A)results in a net consumption of energy
B)represents a decrease in entropy
C)requires the green pigment chlorophyll
D)releases carbon dioxide and water
E)involves a net consumption of water

Question 10

Which of the following describes a property of pure water?

A)changes temperature rapidly
B)molecules are noncohesive
C)can hold many molecules in solution
D)acidic pH
E)more dense as a solid

Question 11

What is the type of rock formed when magma or lava cools?

A)geothermal
B)igneous
C)lithospheric
D)metamorphic
E)sedimentary

Question 12

Which of the following reactions represents cellular respiration?

A)sugar + oxygen -water + carbon dioxide + energy
B)nitrogen + oxygen + sugar -methane + carbon dioxide
C)water + carbon dioxide -sugar + oxygen + water + energy
D)water + carbon dioxide + energy -sugar + oxygen + water
E)sugar + carbon dioxide + energy -water + oxygen

Question 13

River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of _________________

A)chemical energy
B)kinetic energy
C)thermodynamics
D)potential energy
E)entropy

Question 14

Reddish hair in children is often a sign of malnourishment in developing nations such as Haiti.What biomolecule is needed for hair growth and is probably lacking in the diets of these children?

A)proteins
B)DNA
C)carbohydrates
D)lipids
E)nucleic acids

Question 15

Plastics are _________________

A)unstable and break down easily
B)moldable,petroleum -based hydrocarbons
C)naturally occurring macromolecules
D)synthetic proteins
E)assembled by enzymes in cells

Question 16

Which of the following describes mass wasting?

A)the destruction of sedimentary rock by earthquakes
B)deterioration of an atom because of radioactivity
C)blockage of sunlight by volcanic ash
D)flood damage resulting from a tsunami
E)downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity

Question 17

An atom has 2 electrons,3 protons,and 3 neutrons.What is the atom's charge?

A)-1
B)+8
C)-2
D)+1
E)+3

Question 18

During photosynthesis within plants,________________________.

A)sugars and carbon dioxide are produced
B)carbon dioxide and oxygen are produced
C)water and carbon dioxide are consumed
D)the high -quality energy from sugar is converted to heat and light
E)oxygen and carbon dioxide are consumed

Question 19

What compound is the primary structural constituent of plant tissue,forming the cell walls of stems,leaves,and roots?

A)starch
B)chlorophyll
C)cellulose
D)protein
E)enzymes

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the rock cycle is TRUE?

A)Sedimentary rock forms metamorphic rock as it erodes.
B)Weathering and erosion can cause all three rock types to become sediments.
C)Sediments form igneous rock via lithification.
D)The cooling of magma forms metamorphic rock.
E)Sedimentary rock forms metamorphic and igneous rock via the process of lithification.

Question 21

Briefly explain the overall processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.Include a brief explanation of autotrophs and heterotrophs in your answer.

Question 22

What are the three distinct layers of the earth?

A)oceanic crust,continental crust,mantle
B)mantle,magma,crust
C)mantle,crust,lithosphere
D)core,mantle,crust
E)core,mantle,lithosphere

Question 23

Briefly explain the concept of plate tectonics and why it is important for the study of geography.

Question 24

Describe the rock cycle,explaining how the three major types of rock form and break down.

Question 25

In what ways are macromolecules essential to life? Describe the structures of three macromolecules,and describe their major role(s)in organisms.

Question 26

Consider the following processes: respiration,chemosynthesis,combustion of firewood,and photosynthesis.How many of these result in the release of oxygen into the atmosphere?

A)none
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)all 4

Question 27

The "ring of fire" is ____________

A)a belt of earthquakes and volcanoes that occur around the Pacific Ocean
B)the underground layer of the earth's crust that is most prone to volcanic activity
C)the region around the Pacific Ocean most prone to catastrophic wildfires
D)the most visible,major ring of Saturn
E)the "wing" of the supervolcano found in Yellowstone National Park

Question 28

At a _____________________,tectonic plates push apart from one another as magma rises upward to the surface.

A)transform boundary
B)strike -slip fault
C)divergent boundary
D)subduction fault
E)convergent boundary

Question 29

________________________ rock has undergone heat or pressure,causing it to change form.

A)Metamorphic
B)Sedimentary
C)Igneous
D)Deformative
E)Conglomerate

Question 30

Compare and discuss the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

Question 31

Geologists have divided the geologic time scale using evidence compiled using stratigraphy,which is the study of ________________________

A)tree rings
B)layers of sedimentary rock
C)plate tectonics
D)ancient cave drawings
E)layers of igneous rock

Question 32

What is the first law of thermodynamics,and what are its implications for natural resource management?

Question 33

At a of pH 5 has ____________ times _______________ hydrogen ions than solution of pH 7.

A) 20; more
B) 100; more
C) 20; fewer
D) 100;fewer
E) Cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 34

Why does chemistry play a central role in our study of environmental issues? Provide an example from the text that illustrates how chemistry helps solve environmental problems.

Question 35

When you burn a log in your fireplace you are converting ___________________________

A)proteins to amino acids
B)chemical to thermal energy
C)thermal to electromagnetic energy
D)electromagnetic to chemical
E)chemical to nuclear energy

Question 36

You live in the Pacific Northwest and hear a news story about the dangers associated with pyroclastic flow.Which of the following is the news story about?

A)mudslides
B)tsunamis
C)volcanic eruptions
D)floods
E)geysers

Question 37

Approximately 40 grams of the radioisotope iodine -131 were accidentally released into the atmosphere during the Fukushima nuclear accident.The half -life of iodine -131 is 8 days.How long would it take for there to be 10 grams of iodine -131 left in the environment?

A)8 days
B)12 days
C)14 days
D)16 days
E)23.7 days

Question 38

Why was the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010 so much more deadly than the earthquake that struck Tohoku,Japan,in 2011?

A)The Tohoku earthquake struck a rural area,whereas the Haiti earthquake centered on the capital city.
B)The Haiti earthquake was much more powerful than the Tohoku quake.
C)Japan has a stricter building code.
D)The Haiti earthquake created a tsunami that killed tens of thousands of people.
E)Buildings in Japan are more rigidly built and less flexible than those in Haiti.