Deck 15: Peers and the Sociocultural World

Question 1

Charlie is well liked by many of his peers. He has high self-esteem, controls his temper, and is generally cheerful. What is Charlie's peer status?

A) popular
B) controversial
C) average
D) neglected

Answer 1

popular

Question 2

Sam is participating in a social skills group that focuses on teaching the children how to join in with peers and make friends. In regard to peer status, Sam is most likely a(n)

A) average child.
B) popular child.
C) controversial child.
D) neglected child.

Answer 2

neglected child.

Question 3

Kael is participating in a social skills group that focuses on correctly interpreting and appropriately acting on peer input information. In regard to peer status, Kael is most likely a(n)

A) average child.
B) rejected child.
C) popular child.
D) controversial child.

Answer 3

rejected child.

Question 4

What does a child get from peers that he/she typically cannot get from siblings?

A) same-sex friends
B) a sounding board for intimate feelings
C) comparison to others who are the same age
D) a view of the world from another's perspective

Question 5

Which peer status group includes children who do not have best friends and who are actively disliked by peers?

A) neglected
B) average
C) rejected
D) controversial

Question 6

To whom are children most likely to turn in times of stress?

A) parents
B) teachers
C) peers
D) grandparents

Question 7

Another student bumps into Kari in the classroom. As the student turns to apologize, teary-eyed Kari runs back to her seat feeling picked on. Kari has committed an error in

A) social cognition.
B) social script forming.
C) perspective reciprocating.
D) social schema formation.

Question 8

Research shows that children who are isolated from or rejected by peers may be

A) more obedient to adults.
B) prone to depression.
C) more socially competent.
D) unhappy as children but happier-than-average in midlife.

Question 9

Which peer status includes children who have many friends and are rarely disliked by peers?

A) neglected
B) controversial
C) average
D) popular

Question 10

According to Jean Piaget and Harry Stack Sullivan, what is a primary thing children learn from their peers?

A) reciprocity
B) fine motor skills
C) role-playing
D) autonomy

Question 11

Which peer status group includes children who are not disliked by peers but who are rarely nominated as best friend and are often described as shy?

A) rejected
B) neglected
C) average
D) controversial

Question 12

Which peer status includes children who are both actively liked and actively disliked by peers?

A) popular
B) rejected
C) neglected
D) controversial

Question 13

Mia plays alone at recess. The school counselor teaches Mia how to introduce herself and how to join in with peers. The school counselor is trying to increase Mia's

A) perspective-taking skills.
B) information-processing skills.
C) social knowledge.
D) peer aggression.

Question 14

Jake responds calmly when his friend teases him about his haircut. Jake is showing competence in

A) sociometric status.
B) emotional regulation.
C) victimization.
D) social cognition.

Question 15

Brent and Kegan are about the same age and maturity level. They are

A) friends.
B) peers.
C) classmates.
D) siblings.

Question 16

Which of the following peer contexts influences child and adolescent development?

A) religious setting
B) sporting event
C) neighborhood
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 17

The extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is termed

A) sociometric status.
B) socioemotional standing.
C) acceptance rank.
D) cohort approval status.

Question 18

Which of the following traits is linked to impaired peer relations?

A) overzealous religiousness
B) hyperactivity
C) negative emotionality
D) unrealistic optimism

Question 19

All of the following parental behaviors have been linked with children's social competence and acceptance EXCEPT

A) warmth.
B) rough play.
C) provision of opportunities.
D) advice giving.

Question 20

Candie is a cheerleader. She is often named as best friend by peers, but many of her peers also actively dislike her. What is Candie's peer status?

A) popular
B) controversial
C) rejected
D) neglected

Question 21

__________ children often have more psychosocial difficulties later in life than __________ children.

A) Popular; controversial
B) Controversial; rejected
C) Rejected; neglected
D) Neglected; controversial

Question 22

In her social skills training group, Thaina is learning how to attract positive attention by being a good listener and making appropriate comments. What is Thaina's likely peer status?

A) popular
B) controversial
C) rejected
D) neglected

Question 23

Jacene is never bored with her friends. They seem to attract adventure. This is an example of which friendship function?

A) companionship
B) stimulation
C) physical support
D) ego support

Question 24

In what type of play group is DeLeon, a 7-year-old boy, MOST likely to engage?

A) a mixed-sex group
B) a large cluster
C) a group of 2 or 3
D) imaginary

Question 25

In a recent national study of 15,000 students in grades 6 through 10, how many had been involved (as a perpetrator or victim) in bullying?

A) almost 1 in 5
B) almost 1 in 4
C) almost 1 in 3
D) nearly half

Question 26

In childhood, friendships are typically characterized by

A) ego support.
B) differences.
C) similarity.
D) stimulation.

Question 27

Jake feels secure knowing that his friend Steve is available whether the activity is golfing or studying for an exam. This is an example of which friendship function?

A) companionship
B) stimulation
C) physical support
D) ego support

Question 28

Anne encourages George-Michael to run for class president, assuring him that he is well-liked and capable. This is an example of which friendship function?

A) stimulation
B) physical support
C) intimacy/affection
D) ego support

Question 29

In his social skills training group, Travis is asked to role-play and discuss possible reactions to hypothetical negative encounters with peers. What is Travis' peer status?

A) neglected
B) rejected
C) average
D) popular

Question 30

Jessica and Nicole feel secure disclosing private thoughts and personal information to each other. They have a high degree of

A) intimacy in friendship.
B) cliquish behavior.
C) perspective-taking.
D) social knowledge.

Question 31

Jack is often sad because he just experienced the loss of his favorite pet. His friend Jason frequently makes Jack laugh, and offers to take him to movies, etc. This is most likely an example of which friendship function?

A) companionship
B) stimulation
C) physical support
D) ego support

Question 32

Which peer status is consistently linked to development and maintenance of conduct problems?

A) neglected
B) average
C) rejected
D) controversial

Question 33

Which of the following statements is TRUE of bullying?

A) Children are most likely to be bullied in high school.
B) Many bullies are not rejected by the peer group.
C) Victims are likely to smoke and drink and have low grades.
D) Victims are most likely to be middle-school-aged girls.

Question 34

Brad's group of friends is known as the "smart kids" at school. This is his

A) clique.
B) circle.
C) crowd.
D) gang.

Question 35

When is an adolescent are more likely to conform to her peers?

A) when their clique is not present
B) when they are in the presence of someone they think has a lower status
C) when she is unsure of her social identity
D) when rule-breaking or risk-taking behavior is committed by peers

Question 36

John Coie suggests three reasons that aggressive, peer-rejected boys may have problems with social relationships. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of these boys?

A) lack of spontaneity and impulsiveness
B) easily aroused to anger
C) fewer social skills
D) lack of sustained attention

Question 37

Trisha's small group of friends does most everything together. This is her

A) clique.
B) circle.
C) crowd.
D) gang.

Question 38

At what age do children begin to prefer to spend time with same-sex peers?

A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 3 years
D) 5 years

Question 39

When José talks to his friend, he realizes that his feelings about his brothers and sisters are normal. This is an example of which friendship function?

A) companionship
B) ego support
C) social comparison
D) stimulation

Question 40

When does conformity to peers tend to peak?

A) 4th grade
B) 5th-6th grade
C) 7th-8th grade
D) 8th-9th grade

Question 41

Sullivan believes that in particular, for the need for ______ intensifies the most in early adolescence.

A) respect
B) compatibility
C) intimacy
D) similarity

Question 42

Whenever Heidi and Melissa get together, they end up discussing problems they are having with their other friends, boyfriends, and parents. This is an example of

A) bullying.
B) co-rumination.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) a crowd.

Question 43

Sheryl and Lynda are close friends. Which of the following statements MOST likely characterizes their relationship?

A) They compete with each other and frequently disagree.
B) When they talk, each wants practical solutions to their problems rather than sympathy.
C) They get together frequently to enjoy outdoor activities.
D) They often get together just to talk.

Question 44

Steve and Haley rarely go out anymore. Haley is becoming bored and depressed. According to Sullivan, what is the relationship lacking?

A) playful companionship
B) tenderness
C) social acceptance
D) sexual relations

Question 45

Whereas girls' friendships in adolescence often focus on intimacy, boys' friendships tend to emphasize

A) power and excitement.
B) problem solving.
C) academic achievement.
D) gossip and aggression.

Question 46

Fifteen-year-old Ash has no good friends and lacks a sense of social acceptance. What is a likely outcome of this circumstance?

A) abnormally close relationship with a sibling or parent
B) increased susceptibility to violent behavior
C) social independence
D) loneliness and reduced sense of self-worth

Question 47

Freud and Erikson believe that play helps children

A) enhance cognitive development.
B) explore the environment.
C) master anxieties and conflicts.
D) increase affiliation with peers.

Question 48

Which of the following is increasingly reducing children's time for play?

A) institutional activities
B) interactions with grandparents
C) electronic media
D) chores and work-related activities

Question 49

Mark and Brennan are good friends. Which of the following statements MOST likely characterizes their relationship?

A) They disclose problems and personal weaknesses.
B) They expect sympathy and listening from each other.
C) They share and ask for useful information in the form of practical solutions to problems.
D) They get together frequently just to talk.

Question 50

Marilee has turned to her close friend, Chuck, for support about a problem at work. Chuck is most likely to respond by

A) listening without judgment.
B) validating her feelings.
C) changing the conversation to one he feels more comfortable discussing.
D) offering solutions to her conflict.

Question 51

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about adolescents with older friends?

A) They are more likely to engage in delinquent behaviors.
B) They are likely to have higher grades and educational aspirations.
C) They are more socially competent and mature than those who interact with their own age group.
D) They usually have younger friends and more same-age friends as well.

Question 52

Which of the following statements is NOT true about friendship in late adulthood?

A) Older adults experience less intense positive emotions with new friends than established friends.
B) Friendships are more important than family relationships in predicting mental health.
C) Individuals with close ties with friends have greater longevity.
D) Older adults experience more negative than positive emotions with established friends.

Question 53

Two high school best friends enter their first year of college together. Which of the following is most likely to happen?

A) They will use each other as emotional supports but may keep each other from expanding their social experiences.
B) They will help introduce each other to disparate friend groups.
C) Their friendship will decline in satisfaction and commitment.
D) They will rely on each other more during times of pressure.

Question 54

Running, jumping, sliding, and throwing balls are examples of

A) practice play
B) constructive play
C) social play
D) games

Question 55

Compared to adult men, adult women tend to have _____ close friends and friendships that are more _____.

A) more; functional
B) fewer; functional
C) more; intimate
D) fewer; intimate

Question 56

In which play type does a child transform the physical environment into a symbol and act toward objects as though they are other objects?

A) social
B) practice
C) pretense/symbolic
D) sensorimotor

Question 57

Nan holds the remote control to her ear and pretends to speak on the phone. In which of Bergen's play types is she engaged?

A) pretense/symbolic
B) social
C) games
D) parallel

Question 58

Sheri is an emerging adult with a new boyfriend. Sheri's boyfriend most likely

A) has a different ethnicity and religion.
B) is psychologically destructive.
C) has different educational goals than Sheri.
D) is more integrated and similar than the one she had in high school.

Question 59

Daniel Berlyne believes that play helps children

A) develop motor skills and coordination.
B) master anxieties and conflicts.
C) increase affiliation with peers.
D) safely explore and seek out new information.

Question 60

Not all friendships are healthy or positive. Which of the following friend characteristics is NOT developmentally advantageous?

A) socially skilled
B) academic
C) coercive
D) supportive

Question 61

Kenna plays "store" and uses blocks and boxes for shelves and goods for sale. She is engaged in which type of play?

A) sensorimotor
B) social
C) pretense/symbolic
D) games

Question 62

Bryn loves to see the toys on her bouncer seat move when she kicks her feet. In which of Bergen's play types is Bryn engaged?

A) social
B) pretense/symbolic
C) sensorimotor
D) games

Question 63

Which social aging theory states that older adults become more selective about their social networks and may seek greater emotional quality in relationships with friends and family?

A) social convoy
B) disengagement
C) activity
D) socioemotional selectivity

Question 64

Kylie plays a partner computer game with her big sister. They each take turns making the alphabet monster eat a letter. In which type of play (Sumaroka & Bornstein, 2008) is Kylie engaged?

A) social
B) practice
C) constructive
D) pretense/symbolic

Question 65

Jorge retires next month. He has promised to return to train new employees when needed and is looking forward to being more politically involved in the community and devoting more time to his hobbies. This is an example of which aging theory?

A) disengagement
B) socioemotional selectivity
C) social breakdown-reconstruction
D) activity

Question 66

Which of the following has been linked to more vacation/leisure time?

A) better health and lower mortality rate
B) higher income
C) lower level of subjective well-being
D) shorter telomere length

Question 67

In which industrialized country do adolescents have the most leisure time?

A) Japan
B) Sweden
C) the United States
D) France

Question 68

As a minister who is concerned about the welfare of her parishioners, Reverend Douglas creates many roles in the church for retired church members. Reverend Douglas appears to be applying _____ theory.

A) disengagement
B) socioemotional selectivity
C) evangelical
D) activity

Question 69

Mr. Carter will retire next month. He has slowly been removing his mark from the company, as well as lessening his interest and activity in his community. This is an example of the pattern predicted by which theory of aging?

A) activity
B) disengagement
C) socioemotional selectivity
D) social breakdown-reconstruction

Question 70

Todd is playing in his throwing his ball repeatedly against the wall and catching it. In which type of play is he engaged?

A) sensorimotor
B) practice
C) constructive
D) games

Question 71

Two-year-old Mac arranges his blocks into the form of a smiley face. In which play type is Mac engaged?

A) constructive
B) unoccupied
C) onlooker
D) parallel

Question 72

Which type of play dramatically increases during the preschool years and involves turn taking, conversations, social games and routines, and physical play?

A) sensorimotor
B) social
C) pretense/symbolic
D) games

Question 73

Which type of play happens when an infant selects novel objects for exploration, especially toys that make noise or bounce?

A) sensorimotor
B) practice
C) pretense/symbolic
D) constructive

Question 74

Young children's pretense/symbolic play fosters which of the following capacities?

A) fine motor skills
B) gross motor skills
C) early mathematical skills
D) balancing of social roles

Question 75

Ted is a U.S. adult looking back on his life. He most likely regrets which of the following?

A) taking too many vacations
B) not working harder and for longer hours
C) not engaging in more leisure activities
D) spending too much time with his children

Question 76

Pretense/symbolic play peaks when a child is _____ year(s) old and then gradually declines.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 8

Question 77

What percentage of U.S. adults 60 years and older spend no time in non-sedentary leisure activities?

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) over 50 percent

Question 78

Which play type is characterized by having rules?

A) leisure
B) games
C) social play
D) pretense/symbolic play

Question 79

Which theory holds the most positive view of the abilities of elderly adults?

A) activity
B) disengagement
C) social breakdown-reconstruction
D) socioemotional selectivity

Question 80

According to some studies (including by Mahoney, Larson, & Eccles), which of the following activities may be beneficial for adolescent development?

A) unchallenging leisure activities
B) unstructured time
C) structured voluntary activities
D) unstructured relaxation and social interaction