Deck 8: Intelligence

Question 1

Who developed the WISC, WAIS, and WWPSI intelligence tests?

A) David Wechsler
B) Alfred Binet
C) Robert Sternberg
D) William Stern

Answer 1

David Wechsler

Question 2

Mary Ann scored a little above average on a general IQ test. She is a highly motivated, hardworking college graduate. Her performance in the workplace most likely will be

A) successful, because a range of factors predicts the majority of job success, including motivation and education.
B) a little above average, as predicted by her average IQ test results.
C) well above average, because job performance is not related to IQ scores, but rather is determined only by motivation.
D) disappointing, because her average intelligence will undermine her enthusiasm.

Answer 2

successful, because a range of factors predicts the majority of job success, including motivation and education.

Question 3

What are the content areas of the current Stanford-Binet intelligence test?

A) mental age, chronological age, knowledge, and working memory
B) verbal IQ, performance IQ, and full-scale IQ
C) musical aptitude, numerical ability, and visual-perceptual skill
D) fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial reasoning, and working memory

Answer 3

fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial reasoning, and working memory

Question 4

To be effective, IQ scores should be

A) confirmed accurate by having an independent observer present during test administration.
B) considered as just one of several aspects of evaluation in conjunction with other information about the individual.
C) considered as the sole determining factor in evaluating a person's fit in education.
D) taken from multiple tests, and the average score should be used.

Question 5

Who proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) Robert Sternberg
B) David Wechsler
C) Alfred Binet
D) William Stern

Question 6

The Stanford-Binet intelligence test has been shown to produce scores that approximate a normal distribution. This means that most test-takers score

A) in the extreme high end of the range of possible scores.
B) in the middle of the range of possible scores.
C) in the extreme low end of the range of possible scores.
D) better on nonverbal responses than verbal responses.

Question 7

A bright child's _____ age is considerably above his or her _____ age.

A) academic; social
B) social; academic
C) mental; chronological
D) chronological age; mental

Question 8

The French Ministry of Education asked Alfred Binet to create a method to determine which students

A) would not profit from typical school instruction.
B) should be placed in advanced courses.
C) should be placed in residential facilities for the mentally retarded.
D) would benefit from job apprenticeships.

Question 9

What was the original numerical formula of an intelligence quotient?

A) chronological age divided by mental age multiplied by 100
B) mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100
C) chronological age multiplied by 100
D) mental age divided by chronological age

Question 10

Mr. Nanchet supervises a Future Business Leaders of America club and admits only those who score in the top 15 percent on an intelligence test because he feels that these students have the most potential to have long, successful business careers. This use of an intelligence test is

A) appropriate because those with high scores are more likely to succeed in their future careers.
B) inappropriate because high scores are only moderately correlated with future job prestige and work performance.
C) appropriate because the careers of those with lower scores will not benefit from the additional education and experience this type of club will offer.
D) inappropriate because the test predicts that those who scored in the higher 50 percent will outperform those who scored in the lower 50 percent in their future careers.

Question 11

The Wechsler scales include 16 subtests that

A) employ a range of verbal and nonverbal challenges.
B) primarily measure one's mathematical ability.
C) primarily measure one's processing speed.
D) primarily measure one's working memory.

Question 12

The effectiveness of a psychological test primarily depends on the

A) age of the examinee.
B) testing conditions.
C) knowledge, skill, and integrity of the examiner.
D) anxiety level of the examiner.

Question 13

IQ scores should be considered with caution because

A) it is easy for examinees to cheat on these tests.
B) IQ scores are not correlated with academic achievement.
C) IQ scores are not correlated with job success.
D) scores can lead to false expectations and generalizations.

Question 14

The term individual differences, as discussed in the text, refers to

A) differences among individuals that change over time.
B) the relative strengths and weaknesses within an individual.
C) day-to-day changes in an individual's knowledge and skills.
D) differences among individuals that are stable and consistent.

Question 15

Who coined the term "intelligence quotient"?

A) Alfred Binet
B) Robert Sternberg
C) William Stern
D) David Wechsler

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the predictive validity of intelligence tests?

A) Scores are inversely correlated with work performance.
B) Scores do not correlate with the number of years of education the individual will obtain.
C) Scores do not correlate with academic achievement even at the time of testing.
D) Scores correlate with school grades and achievement test performance at the time of testing and years later.

Question 17

Who developed the concept of mental age?

A) Lev Vygotsky
B) David Wechsler
C) Alfred Binet
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 18

Which of the following statements about intelligence is NOT correct according to some experts?

A) Intelligence is the ability to solve problems.
B) Intelligence includes creativity and interpersonal skills.
C) Intelligence is the capacity to adapt and learn from experience.
D) Intelligence can be measured directly, similar to measuring height or age.

Question 19

Who would support the notion that intelligence involves using the tools of the culture, with help from mentors?

A) Robert Sternberg
B) Alfred Binet
C) David Weschsler
D) Lev Vygotsky

Question 20

Who proposed that practical know-how should be considered part of intelligence?

A) Robert Sternberg
B) Alfred Binet
C) David Weschsler
D) Lev Vygotsky

Question 21

According to Gardner, theologians and psychologists should be high in _____ intelligence.

A) spatial
B) verbal
C) intrapersonal
D) interpersonal

Question 22

Anisha does very well with direct instruction in a conventional school setting. She shows high skill in evaluation, comparison, and contrasting tasks. Which Sternberg area is a strength for her?

A) creative
B) analytical
C) practical
D) verbal

Question 23

Russell's test scores are low, but he quickly grasps real-life problems and could be called "street smart." Which Sternberg area is a strength for him?

A) creative
B) analytical
C) practical
D) verbal

Question 24

Someone who suffers localized brain damage may lose certain cognitive abilities while retaining functions in other cognitive domains. This supports Gardner's contention that

A) people have multiple intelligences.
B) intelligence is a unified cognitive entity.
C) some intelligences are determined by biological factors, while other intelligences are determined by environmental factors.
D) there are three types of intelligence, supporting his triarchic theory of intelligence.

Question 25

Malian is a highly regarded surgeon. She is also very good at dancing for leisure. According to Gardner, she is strong in _____ intelligence.

A) mathematical
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) naturalist
D) interpersonal

Question 26

Colin does not earn high scores on standardized tests but has a black belt in martial arts. According to Gardner, Colin has high _____ intelligence.

A) spatial
B) intrapersonal
C) bodily-kinesthetic
D) interpersonal

Question 27

Ms. Foyle believes in Gardner's multiple intelligence theory and employs it in her classroom because she believes that by exploring all the different cognitive domains

A) each child will be able to develop all the different intelligences fully and equally.
B) each child will be able to bring up all the different intelligences to the same level as other children.
C) children prefer to discover these intelligences they are not good at and improve their weaknesses.
D) children will be able to discover relative strengths and find something at which they excel.

Question 28

According to Gardner, his concepts of ____ intelligence are most closely related to the traditional IQ test.

A) spatial, mathematical, and verbal
B) musical and spatial
C) verbal and bodily kinesthetic
D) interpersonal and intrapersonal

Question 29

Which statement MOST closely matches Gardner's theory of intelligence?

A) Humans have an overall intelligence level that is a combination of several factors connected and correlated with one another.
B) Humans have multiple dimensions of intelligence, only some of which are measured by IQ tests.
C) Humans have multiple dimensions of intelligence, and the level of one dimension can predict the levels of other dimensions of the same person.
D) If one has developed a good brain, that person's multiple intelligences would all perform at a higher level than those whose brain is not so well developed.

Question 30

Spencer is an architect and loves to sail for fun. According to Gardner, he is most likely strong in _____ intelligence.

A) spatial
B) mathematical
C) verbal
D) interpersonal

Question 31

According to Sternberg, students with which of the following abilities tend to be favored in conventional schools?

A) practical
B) creative
C) analytical
D) emotional

Question 32

According to Gardner, a landscaper is most likely to be high in _____ intelligence.

A) spatial
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) musical
D) naturalist

Question 33

Marcus was a very popular elementary school teacher for several years. Now he is a well-regarded mental health counselor within the education system. According to Gardner, he is most likely strong in _____ intelligence.

A) spatial
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) intrapersonal
D) interpersonal

Question 34

Eman's test scores are not high, but he thinks in unique, insightful ways, often challenging the teachers' standard answers. Which Sternberg area is a strength for him?

A) creative
B) analytical
C) practical
D) verbal

Question 35

Sternberg and Gardner's philosophies are similar in that they consider intelligence to be

A) biologically determined.
B) nonverbal.
C) multiple-factored.
D) based on one general mental ability.

Question 36

According to Gardner, if one is very interested in and good at contemplating the meaning of human life, death, and existence, that person demonstrates a form of _____ intelligence.

A) verbal
B) existential
C) intrapersonal
D) interpersonal

Question 37

Snea works as an engineer and her brother is an accountant. According to Gardner, they are both most likely strong in _____ intelligence.

A) spatial
B) mathematical
C) verbal
D) interpersonal

Question 38

Gemmy is a journalist and has just published her first novel. According to Gardner, she most likely has good _____ intelligence.

A) spatial
B) intrapersonal
C) verbal
D) interpersonal

Question 39

Which of the following consists of the three different types of intelligence in Sternberg's Triarchic theory?

A) verbal, nonverbal, and practical
B) analytical, creative, and practical
C) verbal, mathematical, and interpersonal
D) emotional, cognitive, and linguistic

Question 40

Gardner's newest proposed-but not official-type of intelligence is

A) intrapersonal.
B) interpersonal.
C) existentialist.
D) emotional.

Question 41

In one study, higher amounts of communication between parents and children during the first three years of life was _____ correlated to higher Stanford-Binet IQ scores at age 3.

A) positively
B) negatively
C) not
D) inversely

Question 42

Many intelligence tests are ____ because they ____.

A) culturally biased; use no verbal questions.
B) culturally fair; use standardized administration procedures.
C) culturally biased; reflect the cultures of some test-takers more than others.
D) culturally fair; use standardized test items for all test-takers.

Question 43

The term that Goleman, Salvoy, and Mayer use for the ability to perceive, express, understand, use, and manage emotion and emotional knowledge is

A) interpersonal intelligence.
B) emotional intelligence.
C) social intelligence.
D) practical intelligence.

Question 44

Studies comparing the IQ of identical and fraternal twins

A) found absolutely no evidence that suggested the possibility of a genetic component to intelligence.
B) found that the differences in average correlations between the two groups was fair to high.
C) have proved high genetic influence on intelligence.
D) found that the differences in average correlations between the two groups was quite low.

Question 45

According to Nathan Brody, abstract reasoning, the capacity to acquire knowledge, and problem-solving ability constitute

A) specific intellectual abilities.
B) general intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) nonverbal intelligence.

Question 46

In the nature-versus-nurture debate regarding intelligence, it is safe to say that intelligence

A) is 50 percent biological and 50 percent environmental.
B) is influenced by both heredity and environment.
C) is primarily influenced by environment.
D) is acquired through early intervention and quality formal education.

Question 47

Which of the following conclusions was drawn from the Flynn effect study?

A) Heredity plays slightly more of a role than environment in the overall rise in global intelligence.
B) The overall rise in intelligence helps to support the theory of multiple intelligences.
C) The measured increases in intelligence could not be due to heredity.
D) The measured increases in intelligence could not be due to environmental influences.

Question 48

Critics of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences argue that

A) it focuses too heavily on gross motor skills.
B) it focuses too heavily on logical reasoning skills.
C) the classifications are too arbitrary.
D) it includes too many types of intelligences.

Question 49

What do advocates of the concept of general intelligence indicate as supporting their theory?

A) It is successful at predicting school and job success.
B) It is consistently higher in white collar workers than blue collar workers.
C) Scores are consistent across analytical and creative test takers.
D) It is simpler to measure because it restricts testing to a few core competencies.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is NOT true about early intervention programs?

A) The effects are strongest for poor children.
B) The benefits are no longer present after elementary school.
C) High-quality center-based interventions can improve intelligence and school achievement.
D) The greatest gains were made by children whose mothers had low IQs.

Question 51

Cross-cultural studies have indicated that _____ and _____ intelligence can develop independently and may even conflict with each other.

A) general; specific
B) analytical; creative
C) practical; academic
D) crystallized; fluid

Question 52

Critics of emotional intelligence argue that

A) it broadens the concept of intelligence too widely.
B) it can't be assessed and researched.
C) it favors girls and women.
D) emotion is already included in Gardner's multiple intelligence theory.

Question 53

Brain imaging studies show that which part of the brain is MOST linked with higher intelligence?

A) frontal and parietal lobes
B) temporal lobe
C) frontal and occipital lobes
D) temporal and parietal lobes

Question 54

What is the BEST explanation for why ethnic minorities achieve lower scores on IQ tests?

A) environment
B) heredity
C) cultural belief
D) unfair scoring

Question 55

Einstein's total brain size was

A) average.
B) 15 percent below average.
C) 15 percent above average.
D) was never measured.

Question 56

Sternberg's and Gardner's theories of intelligence are alike in that both

A) include the naturalistic intelligence.
B) include one or more categories related to social intelligence.
C) hypothesize a single-factor theory of intelligence.
D) include the intelligence of understanding the self and the meaning of life.

Question 57

Which of the following children would benefit MOST from a high-quality early intervention that includes education, parenting programs, and support services for improving their intelligence scores and school achievement?

A) children living below the poverty line
B) children with access to excellent schools, books, and travel
C) children whose parents have a bachelor's degree
D) children with high IQs

Question 58

The Flynn effect refers to the observation that

A) if a large group of children receive no formal education for an extended period, it will result in lower intelligence test scores among these children.
B) intelligence test scores steadily increased over a short time period across the world.
C) intelligence test scores steadily decreased over a short time period across the world.
D) intelligence test scores steadily increased for about 100 years, and then steadily decreased to the original point.

Question 59

Which of the following is the BEST example of a culturally fair test question?

A) "Why do farmers use tractors?"
B) "What should you do if you find a 3-year-old child on a freeway?"
C) "Why do individuals buy automobile insurance?"
D) "How are a cat and a dog alike?"

Question 60

Einstein's brain was

A) 15 percent above average in size in part of the parietal lobe.
B) 15 percent above average in size in part of the frontal lobe.
C) 15 percent above average in size overall.
D) 15 percent above average in size in the occipital lobe.

Question 61

Baby Camille is given a familiar picture and a new picture to look at. The amount of time she spends looking at each picture is calculated to measure her intelligence. What test is being given?

A) the Fagan test
B) the Apgar Scale
C) the Bayley Scale
D) an IQ test

Question 62

Which of the following would typically not be considered in the development of a culturally fair test?

A) ethnic background
B) socioeconomic status
C) family structure
D) language differences

Question 63

According to Baltes, the "hardware" or neurophysiological architecture of the brain is called

A) cognitive mechanics.
B) cognitive pragmatics.
C) crystallized intelligence.
D) fluid intelligence.

Question 64

According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study, middle age is a time of

A) peak performance for verbal comprehension.
B) great decline for inductive reasoning.
C) moderate decline for spatial abilities.
D) peak numerical abilities.

Question 65

According to John Horn, an individual's ______ is comprised of accumulated information and verbal skills.

A) fluid intelligence
B) crystallized intelligence
C) creative intelligence
D) practical intelligence

Question 66

An adult in middle age will likely do MOST poorly on which of the following tasks?

A) a test of vocabulary
B) completing a crossword puzzle
C) the reaction speed when a traffic light turns red
D) finding one's way in a maze

Question 67

According to Baltes, the culture-based "software programs" of the mind are called

A) cognitive mechanics.
B) cognitive pragmatics.
C) crystallized intelligence.
D) fluid intelligence.

Question 68

John Horn believes that _____ intelligence continues to increase throughout a person's life span, whereas _____ intelligence begins to decline in middle adulthood.

A) analytical; practical
B) creative; practical
C) crystallized; fluid
D) fluid; crystallized

Question 69

Dr. Anderson is interested in how attention changes with age. He gathers a sample of 5-year-olds and tests them twice a year until they are30. What type of study is Dr. Anderson conducting?

A) cross-sectional
B) longitudinal
C) correlational
D) naturalistic observation

Question 70

Using the Fagan test, which of the following is a characteristic seen in infants that correlates with intelligence in older children?

A) habituation
B) selective attention
C) preference for novelty
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 71

What are the five components of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

A) resilience, attention, self-regulation, perception, and adaptive
B) self-control, interactivity, language, attention, and social
C) cognitive, language, motor, socioemotional, and adaptive
D) motor, temperament, communication, visual patterning, and interaction

Question 72

To estimate intelligence, the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence uses the amount of time an infant looks at a(n) _____ compared with the amount of time he/she looks at a _____.

A) familiar object; new object
B) face; black and white pattern
C) animal; human
D) moving object; static object

Question 73

According to the Bayley cognitive scale, by Ken's first birthday, he should be able to

A) imitate words an examiner says.
B) respond to simple requests.
C) inhibit behavior when commanded to do so.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 74

When assessing cognitive abilities both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, Schaie found that

A) decline starts at the same time in both research methods.
B) decline starts earlier in cross-sectional studies than in longitudinal studies.
C) decline starts earlier in longitudinal studies than in cross-sectional studies.
D) decline only occurs in cross-sectional studies, but never occurs in longitudinal studies.

Question 75

According to John Horn, the ability to reason abstractly is _____ intelligence.

A) fluid
B) naturalistic
C) crystallized
D) creative

Question 76

On the Bayley cognitive scale, 6-month-old Joshua should be able to

A) vocalize pleasure and displeasure.
B) inhibit behavior when directed to do so.
C) imitate words the examiner says.
D) respond to simple requests.

Question 77

Studies show that the correlation between IQs measured at age 8 and age 10 is ______ the correlation between IQs measured at age 10 and age 18.

A) equal to
B) higher than
C) lower than
D) exceptionally lower than

Question 78

Dr. Smith is conducting a research study on age differences in intelligence. He assesses the intelligence of 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year-old participants on the same date and compares their results on an IQ test. What type of research is Dr. Smith conducting?

A) cross-sectional
B) longitudinal
C) correlational
D) naturalistic observation

Question 79

On average, how do African American and Latino children score on IQ tests when compared to children from non-Latino White families?

A) There is no significant difference in scores.
B) 10 to 15 points higher
C) 10 to 15 points lower
D) 10 to 25 percent lower

Question 80

If 40-year-olds and 60-year-olds show differences in intelligence test scores, the differences in the test scores

A) must be due to age effects.
B) may be due to either age effects or cohort effects.
C) must be due to cohort effects.
D) are due to neither age effects nor cohort effects.