Deck 13: Population and Urbanization: Living on Planet Earth

Question 1

Most ______ countries have a high percentage of dependent people over age 64.

A) third-world
B) South American
C) least developed
D) Global North

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not an assumption that Thomas Malthus makes in his theory of population?

A) Population increases geometrically, but food supplies can only reproduce arithmetically.
B) Humans have a natural drive to reproduce.
C) Checks on population should be imposed or famine will result.
D) The poor are not responsible for their situations.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Although women are having fewer children than ever before in some countries, the population is expected to continue growing for another 20 years. How is this possible?

A) below population replacement levels
B) population momentum
C) zero population growth
D) a rapid change in the dependency ratio

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If the youth dependency ratio is 9 out of every 20 people under 15 years of age in Country X, then which of the following is most likely true about Country X?

A) The youth population of Country X is very young and dependent.
B) The population of Country X is mostly middle aged.
C) The sex ratio is skewed.
D) The age ratio shows more males than females.

Question 5

Malthus's solution for decreasing population is:

A) delaying marriage and sex until one can afford a family.
B) governmental aid for poor families.
C) an overthrow of the capitalist system.
D) better sex education in schools.

Question 6

The birth rate is also referred to as ______, and the death rate is also known as ______.

A) fecundity; mortality
B) fertility; morbidity
C) fertility; mortality
D) fecundity; morbidity

Question 7

In City Y, 100 babies were born, and 75 people died this year. The natural increase rate in City Y is ______.

A) 100 divided by 75
B) 100 minus 75
C) 75 plus 100
D) 75 divided by 100

Question 8

The youth dependency ratio is ratio of the:

A) number of children under age 5 to the number between 5 and 18.
B) number of children under age 15 to the number between 15 and 64.
C) number of children under age 15 to the number between 15 and 21.
D) number of children under age 10 to the number between 10 and 34.

Question 9

Which of the following would NOT be a pronatalist policy?

A) the one-child rule in China
B) free summer camps for young couples with no contraceptive usage allowed
C) workers having a day off to have sex
D) cars and monetary gifts for new parents

Question 10

The sex ratio does not tell researchers:

A) how many women are potentially able to give birth.
B) the number of people who can support the dependent members of a population.
C) the number of potential eligible spouses in a society.
D) the ration of males to females in the population.

Question 11

Which of the following is a positive check on population, according to Malthusian theory?

A) war
B) birth control
C) greater education for women
D) a booming economy

Question 12

A primary criticism of demographic transition theory is that:

A) it fails to consider the social consequences of population growth.
B) it assumes that modernization will lead to rational choices about family size.
C) it ignores the role of improvements in health and sanitation.
D) all of these.

Question 13

Tia is interested in studying the way farm families decide how many children to have. She feels that the number of workers needed to sustain the farm will relate to the number of children families have, with those needing more workers having more children. Which of the following theories is Tia likely using?

A) demographic transition
B) conflict
C) wealth flow
D) Malthusian

Question 14

In Country Z, both birth rates and death rates are high. Country Z is most likely in ______ of the demographic transition.

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4

Question 15

Which of the following is a pull factor in migration?

A) war
B) jobs
C) political conflicts
D) economic crises

Question 16

The study of human populations is known as ______.

A) demography
B) urbanization
C) populogy
D) urban ecology

Question 17

Country X has outlawed the use of contraceptives by married couples. Country X's policy is ______.

A) pronatalist
B) antinatalist
C) push-pull
D) Malthusian

Question 18

Monica is investigating the ways poverty is dealt with in socialist and capitalist societies. She predicts that socialist societies will be more likely than capitalist societies to expand to find jobs for poor citizens. Which of the following theories is Monica likely using?

A) demographic transition
B) conflict
C) wealth flow
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 19

Which of the following would have the most potential to undermine Malthus's theory?

A) Despite technological advances in food production, food supplies continue to increase arithmetically.
B) The consumption patterns of industrialized nations lead to poverty in developing nations.
C) Rapid population growth always leads to poverty and famine.
D) Contraceptive techniques are not effective in slowing population growth.

Question 20

The statement, "Inequitable distribution and control of resources is at the heart of the population problem," most closely reflects ______.

A) functionalist theory
B) conflict theory
C) demographic transition theory
D) rational choice theory

Question 21

According to the text, the population explosion began with the end of the feudal period in Europe and the beginning of industrialization in developing countries and spread around the globe.

Question 22

Since the 1960s, internal migration in the United States has been toward the ______.

A) North and West
B) East and South
C) West and South
D) North and East

Question 23

Average fertility rates are lower in developed Global North countries than they are in Global South countries.

Question 24

Japan's policies are considered antinatalist.

Question 25

When wealth flows from parents to children, families tend to have fewer children.

Question 26

Neo-Malthusians favor the reliance on moral restraint rather than contraception as a means to control population growth.

Question 27

The number of people older than age 64 compared with those between 15 and 64 is called the youth dependency ratio.

Question 28

The movement of populations to cities is known as urbanization.

Question 29

Economic development generally results in a decline in the birth rate.

Question 30

According to the text, the most important demographic processes are fertility, mortality, and migration.

Question 31

The birth rate is higher than the death rate in Japan.

Question 32

Which of the following is predicted to have the most impact on urban planning in the future?

A) Migration of people to cities will continue.
B) International boundaries of countries will become more controlled.
C) Economic systems will continue to be based on physical labor.
D) Squatters will move from rural areas to areas around cities.

Question 33

Epidemics and wars are positive checks on population according to Malthus.

Question 34

The world's population doubles every 102 years.

Question 35

According to demographic transition theory, during the second stage of development, populations have high birth and death rates that tend to balance each other over time.

Question 36

Because having children is such a personal choice, government propaganda does not have an impact on the national fertility rate.

Question 37

Thomas Malthus's population theory has been critiqued for being ethnocentric.

Question 38

According to the text, to raise a child to 17 years in the United States costs more than $800,000.

Question 39

The land and resources of a country affect population size.

Question 40

The ______ indicates deaths of children under 1 year per 1,000 births.

A) infant mortality rate
B) birth rate
C) dependency ratio
D) sex ratio

Question 41

Explain the push-pull theory of migration, and provide examples of each.

Question 42

Among the first sociologists in the United States were urban scholars who studied problems in the city of Chicago.

Question 43

Explain Malthus's theory of population and detail the critiques. How have neo-Malthusians addressed those critiques? Do you personally believe in neo-Malthusian theory? If so, why? If not, what evidence would you need to support neo-Malthusian theory?

Question 44

The process of changing one's place of residence is called geographic mobility.

Question 45

Governments have tried many things to influence the populations of their nations. What have governments done to attempt to increase populations? What have governments done to attempt to decrease populations? Do you think governments should try to change population sizes? Why, or why not?

Question 46

List and explain five factors that can affect population size.

Question 47

Explain three stages of demographic transition theory.

Question 48

By the year 2035, 20% of the population in the United States is estimated to be over 65.

Question 49

Ethnic enclaves are only found in African American inner-city neighborhoods.

Question 50

Religious conflicts are a push factor in migration.

Question 51

Compare and contrast antinatalist and pronatalist policies as they pertain to population growth.

Question 52

Discuss environmental problems facing Global South countries. Give examples of two countries that face these problems.

Question 53

Because of their widespread availability, fewer than 1 million women around the world lack access to contraceptives.

Question 54

The creation of a rationally based consumer society based on major Western trends is known as McDonaldization.

Question 55

In the United States, all but one of the 10 urban areas with the most population growth between 2000 and 2010 also increased their number of jobs.

Question 56

If a country wants to control population growth, raising the status of women is key.

Question 57

An amazing 30% of the world's population is "on the go" (migrating) each year.

Question 58

In the text, Japan was described as a "graying" population. What does that term mean? What can the United States do to avoid the same fate as Japan?

Question 59

China's antinatalist policy has been in effect since 1962.

Question 60

The gap in life expectancy between the top and lowest 1% in income in the United States increased since 2001 (2.3% for men and 2.9% for women) and is now 14.6 years for men and 10.1 years for women.