Deck 10: Family and Education: Institutionalizing Socialization

Question 1

According to the text, U.S. corporations have been slow to respond to the needs of dual-career families for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that:

A) company-sponsored day care is still rare.
B) parental leave for fathers is still rare.
C) few businesses are offering flex time.
D) women are less productive than men.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Zari and Ali have been dating for 3 months and are at the point in their relationship where they have begun exploring their common needs, ideas about family roles, and common activities. Which stage of the courtship process are Zari and Ali currently in?

A) stimulus
B) value comparison
C) roles and needs
D) agreement

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Melissa, a White woman, is engaged to Alex, a Black man. Their marriage will be all of the following EXCEPT:

A) endogamous marriage.
B) homogamy marriage.
C) least common type (White woman marrying Black man) of interracial marriage.
D) arranged marriage.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Jim's parents, brother, and sister are a part of his ______.

A) family of orientation
B) extended family
C) family of procreation
D) family of conciliation

Question 5

______ refers to learning skills such as reading and math in a building via systematic instruction by a trained professional.

A) Compulsory education
B) Schooling
C) Mass education
D) Informal education

Question 6

What percentage of American families lives below the poverty level?

A) about 1%
B) about 15%
C) about 31%
D) about 51%

Question 7

Robert's parents strongly want him to marry another Mormon, preferably from their own congregation. His family is practicing ______.

A) exogamy
B) endogamy
C) homogamy
D) arranged marriage

Question 8

______ was the first country to recognize same-sex unions in 1989, granting legal rights to such couples.

A) Denmark
B) The United States
C) France
D) Uganda

Question 9

The poverty rate for American children since 2007 has ______.

A) decreased
B) increased
C) stayed the same
D) not been calculated

Question 10

Kholani is required to marry a boy from a neighboring village, despite being in love with a boy who lives in her same village. Kholani's tribe is practicing ______.

A) exogamy
B) endogamy
C) homogamy
D) heterogamy

Question 11

According to the Census Bureau's definition, which of the following is NOT a family?

A) a single mother and her 2-year-old child
B) a married couple and their adopted son
C) a gay male couple who has lived together for 30 years
D) all of these would be defined as family by the Census Bureau

Question 12

According to the text, the role expectations of anyone in the status of student can be complicated by all of the following variables EXCEPT:

A) ethnicity.
B) gender.
C) sexual orientation.
D) IQ score.

Question 13

According to the text, which of the following factors most often relates to husbands sharing the housework more equally?

A) working different shifts from their wives
B) having more income than their wives
C) having more education than their wives
D) working less than 40 hours per week

Question 14

According to the Supreme Court ruling on June 26, 2015, the federal government:

A) no longer has to recognize same-sex marriages in states where they are legal.
B) has declared same-sex marriages legal in all 50 states.
C) has declared same-sex marriages illegal.
D) has tightened restrictions on adoptions to lesbian and gay couples.

Question 15

______ almost passed a bill authorizing the death penalty for homosexuals, but it was deterred by international condemnation.

A) Denmark
B) The United States
C) France
D) Uganda

Question 16

Anna is a single mother of two children. Her children's father does not pay child support regularly. Brad is a single father of two children as well. His ex-wife does not pay child support regularly, either. Both Anna and Brad have the same level of education and the same job. Which of the following is most likely true?

A) Anna is more likely to be poor than Brad.
B) Brad is more likely to be poor than Anna.
C) Both Anna and Brad are equally likely to be poor.
D) Neither Anna nor Brad is likely to be poor.

Question 17

Why is the family known as "the most basic institution of a society"?

A) It affects us most of the time and for most of our lives.
B) Other major life events take place outside of the family.
C) Other institutions can fulfill all of the same functions as the family.
D) Other institutions are the primary source of socialization throughout life.

Question 18

When we find a life mate and/or have our own children, we establish our ______.

A) family of orientation
B) family of procreation
C) family of conciliation
D) extended family

Question 19

Which of the following resources does not affect which partner does the housework?

A) the relative income of each partner
B) the relative education level of each partner
C) the relative occupational prestige of each partner
D) how quickly the gender income gap is closing in society

Question 20

Thalia hopes to find a partner who has a similar level of education as herself and who is also politically moderate, just like she is. Thalia is practicing ______.

A) exogamy
B) endogamy
C) homogamy
D) heterogamy

Question 21

Which of the following is a latent function of education?

A) selecting and training individuals for positions in society
B) keeping children off the streets until they can be absorbed into productive roles in society
C) enhancing personal and social developments
D) promoting change and innovation

Question 22

Which of the following statements supports the argument that education works to reproduce social class from one generation to the next?

A) Students from a lower socioeconomic position must obey authority.
B) Students from a lower socioeconomic position are taught to question the dominant ideology.
C) Student achievement, like test scores, plays a large role in determining how a student is tracked.
D) Students are encouraged to pursue any occupational path they find desirable.

Question 23

The statement "The educational system is not equally beneficial to all or even to the majority of citizens," most closely reflects ______.

A) structural-functional theory
B) rational choice theory
C) conflict theory
D) symbolic interaction theory

Question 24

According to James Coleman, equal education opportunities means all of the following EXCEPT:

A) providing a common curriculum for all children regardless of background.
B) allowing children from diverse backgrounds to attend the same school.
C) providing equality within a given locality.
D) ensuring that all students attend college.

Question 25

Jana is the athletic director at an area high school. Although she was previously employed as a math teacher and a soccer coach, Jana is now limited to scheduling athletic competitions. This resembles which of the following characteristics of Max Weber's bureaucratic model?

A) specific rules and procedures
B) division of labor
C) an emphasis on rationality
D) an emphasis on formalized relations

Question 26

The authors identify all of the following characteristics of schools as bureaucratic EXCEPT that:

A) a division of labor among administrators, teachers, students, and support personnel.
B) the administrative hierarchy incorporates a chain of command and channels of communication.
C) specific rules and procedures in a school cover everything from course content to discipline
D) personal relationships are valued over formal relations such as tests or grades.

Question 27

According to structural-functionalists, what is a manifest function of education?

A) conferring status
B) getting kids to go to college
C) socialization
D) encouraging children to wait to get married and start a family until they have graduated from high school

Question 28

For conflict theorists, the hidden curriculum is:

A) a sorting mechanism.
B) a mechanism for teaching students expectations.
C) a mechanism for teaching students values.
D) a social and economic agenda that maintains class differences.

Question 29

The authors argue that 4-year-olds saying the pledge of allegiance in classrooms represents part of ______.

A) an educational bureaucracy
B) the formal system of education
C) the hidden curriculum
D) an emotional climate

Question 30

The federal government in the United States makes funds available for all of the following educational programs EXCEPT:

A) religion
B) reading
C) math
D) special education

Question 31

Eugene owns a house and land in a middle-class neighborhood. He is upset that the mayor has increased the sales tax to fund public school programs. As discussed in the text, Eugene should not be upset because:

A) property tax provides only a small percentage of funding for education expenses.
B) school strengthens minority cultural norms.
C) middle-class children benefit the most from a quality education.
D) property values are increased when schools are of high quality.

Question 32

The statement, "Formal and informal education serve certain crucial purposes in society, especially as societies modernize," most closely reflects ______.

A) symbolic interaction theory
B) conflict theory
C) functionalist theory
D) rational choice theory

Question 33

Ty is an eighth-grade music teacher. Ty must support and encourage his students, but he must also give them poor grades for not learning their music. This causes Ty to experience ______.

A) role conflict
B) de-professionalism
C) role strain
D) at-risk behavior

Question 34

The statement, "Educational opportunities are manipulated in ways that keep the sons and daughters of the upper class in positions of privilege," most closely reflects ______.

A) symbolic interaction theory
B) conflict theory
C) functionalist theory
D) rational choice theory

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a latent function of education?

A) fostering a youth culture
B) promoting change and innovation
C) keeping children off the streets until they can be absorbed into productive roles in society
D) serving as a mate selection market

Question 36

A(n) ______ is a general social condition that characterizes an aspect of a school.

A) hidden curriculum
B) formal educational system
C) educational subculture
D) school climate

Question 37

The informal system includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) unspoken norms of behavior.
B) unwritten norms of behavior.
C) implicit norms of behavior.
D) explicit rules of behavior.

Question 38

Lani is very strong in language and writing classes. She aspires to be a journalist, and her teachers largely believe that she is capable of achieving this goal. However, Lani does not excel in her math or music courses and is in jeopardy of not graduating because of her poor grades in math and music. The emphasis on following a standard curriculum for all students best reflects which aspect of Weber's bureaucratic model?

A) an emphasis on rationality
B) a strong division of labor
C) allowing individuals agency
D) an administrative hierarchy

Question 39

Middle- and upper-class parents are less likely to ______ than lower-class parents.

A) ask about their children's progress
B) consult with teachers on strategies to help their child learn
C) make it clear that they want teachers to focus on their children
D) assume that teachers are authority figures who should be trusted to do their jobs without interference

Question 40

Which of the following statements about tracking is false?

A) Track placement is always a measure of a student's ability.
B) Over time, differences in children's achievement become reinforced.
C) Students from lower social classes are clustered in the lower tracks.
D) Language differences between teachers and students affect track placement.

Question 41

According to resource theory, Yesina, a heart surgeon, would do less housework than her husband Ian, a firefighter.

Question 42

Approximately one half of all births in the United States are to unmarried women.

Question 43

The feminization of poverty occurs where single motherhood is widespread and where there are few policies to reduce poverty, especially for this group.

Question 44

Antonio and Roberta have been dating for a few months. They now spend long nights discussing what they each believe and thinking about whether their beliefs and values are compatible. Antonio and Roberta are in the roles and needs stage of the mate selection process.

Question 45

Homogamy is the practice of choosing a mate from another village.

Question 46

Free-choice mate selection is found only in the Western world.

Question 47

Arranged marriages are becoming more common around the world.

Question 48

According to the text, there are an estimated 1.2 million U.S. adults living in same-sex domestic partnerships.

Question 49

According to the text, husbands who do an equitable share of the household chores report higher levels of satisfaction with the marriage.

Question 50

Divorce rates peaked in 2001.

Question 51

Less babies have been born to single women in the United States in recent decades.

Question 52

Polygyny is when a man or woman has more than one spouse.

Question 53

The family in which individuals are born and raised is called the family of procreation.

Question 54

Values are often transmitted from the family of orientation to the family of procreation.

Question 55

The most universal form of exogamy is the incest taboo.

Question 56

Anthropologist George Murdock found few societies in the world that practice polyandrous marriage.

Question 57

According to the text, the group with the highest poverty level in 2011 was single males.

Question 58

Single mothers are as prevalent in Sweden as in the United States.

Question 59

In dual-career marriages, economic stresses lessen, but other types of stresses are more common than when only one partner works.

Question 60

In the United States, 7 in 10 (69%) marry someone who shares their religion.

Question 61

According to conflict theory, the prosocial values and social competencies learned in academic boot camp are necessary for social cohesion.

Question 62

Sociologists argue that family background is the single most important influence on children's school achievement.

Question 63

Conflict theorists see institutions like education as tools of powerful, affluent groups to ensure that their self-interests are met.

Question 64

Dimensions of the informal system of schooling include the educational climate, the value climate, and coping strategies in the classroom.

Question 65

According to the conflict perspective, schools teach students from lower socioeconomic positions to obey authority and accept the dominant ideology.

Question 66

According to conflict theory, the educational system is equally beneficial to all citizens in society.

Question 67

Providing an opportunity for peer cultures to develop is a manifest function of education.

Question 68

Upper- and middle-class parents engage in the concerted cultivation of their kids. They schedule their children in multiple activities, engage in more elaborate verbal communication with them, and intervene on their behalf with teachers and other authority figures.

Question 69

The hidden curriculum is part of the formal system of schooling.

Question 70

The way parents in different classes parent their children has important implications for their economic circumstances.

Question 71

Low achievement is linked to low expectations.

Question 72

The ways families stress the importance of education to their children are universal.

Question 73

Recent research findings indicate that boys have more struggles with self-esteem than girls do, especially in middle school.

Question 74

In the United States, 3 in 10 marry someone who shares their religion.

Question 75

One result of disillusion with education and lower high school graduation rates among males is that higher education is experienc?ing "feminization."

Question 76

According to functional theorists, the hidden curriculum is a social and economic agenda that is responsible for differentiating social classes.

Question 77

According to the text, adjustment to divorced status varies by gender: Men typically have a harder time emotionally adjusting to singlehood or divorce than women.

Question 78

Racial inequalities in early schooling have little impact later in life.

Question 79

A latent function of education is that it weakens parental control over children.

Question 80

The informal system of schooling includes implicit norms of behavior.