Deck 9: Managing Diversity and Inclusion

Question 1

The term ________ is used to refer to all kinds of differences including religious affiliation, age, disability status, economic class, and lifestyle in addition to gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality.

A) diversity
B) specialization
C) differential advantage
D) relativism
E) dexterity

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Darren was offered a promotion in exchange for a date with his supervisor. He was upset as he had no interest in dating her, yet he agreed because he really wanted the promotion. This is an example of

A) social loafing.
B) performance reciprocity.
C) quid pro quo harassment.
D) whistleblowing.
E) sugging.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Behaviors that cause hostile environment in an organization typically include

A) pervasive displays of pornography.
B) engaging in free riding.
C) participating in social loafing.
D) minimizing the glass-ceiling effect.
E) taking affirmative action against discrimination.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Companies with a reputation for providing opportunities for diverse employees will have an advantage in the labor market.

Question 5

Managing diversity at the workplace typically involves such basic activities as

A) hiring less qualified individuals over those who are more qualified.
B) ensuring that there are no cultural differences between those employed.
C) separating minority employees from the majority.
D) recruiting individuals with different backgrounds.
E) excluding minorities from the workforce.

Question 6

The first affirmative action programs were initiated to correct the past exclusion of women and minorities from the business world.

Question 7

To correct the past exclusion of women and minorities, companies introduced ________, which meant they would use special efforts to recruit and hire qualified members of groups that have been discriminated against in the past.

A) ethnocentrism
B) affirmative action
C) groupthink
D) social audits
E) class action suits

Question 8

________ is the entire process of understanding and appreciating employee differences to build a more effective and profitable company.

A) Crowdsourcing
B) Managing diversity
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Differential reinforcement
E) Standardization

Question 9

Cohesiveness is very high in the case of a diversified workforce.

Question 10

In Charleston, South Carolina, about one-fifth of the city's population consisted of various ethnic minorities, but only 12 percent of the employees hired in the public sector were minorities. The city government responded to this issue by increasing minority group members' participation in public contracts. This special program taken up by the government authorities is an example of

A) affirmative action.
B) the glass ceiling.
C) nepotism.
D) ethnocentrism.
E) crowdsourcing.

Question 11

Corinne was refused a job, even though she had all the required qualifications. The reason for this rejection was that she reacted negatively to an illicit comment made by her interviewer. Based on the given information, it would be most accurate to say that Corinne is a victim of

A) sexual harassment.
B) nepotism.
C) social loafing.
D) whistleblowing.
E) larceny.

Question 12

Sylvia has recently been denied a promotion. This is the third time she was turned down for a promotion despite excellent performance reviews. Her manager assures her that she was qualified for the promotion but "that's just the way things go." After this latest disappointment, Sylvia did an in-depth research on the history of her company. She found that only two women candidates had been promoted to upper management positions in the company's entire history. ________ is the factor that is most likely obstructing Sylvia's career growth.

A) A diversity-oriented employer
B) A wide span of control
C) The glass-ceiling effect
D) The black-swan effect
E) An affirmative action

Question 13

In multicultural organizations, workforce diversity not only exists but is valued.

Question 14

Under sexual harassment laws in the United States,

A) cases of quid pro quo harassment violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but instances of hostile environment do not.
B) women are protected under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 but not men.
C) non-gender-related cases, such as a pattern of racial or ethnic slurs, are not covered under the hostile work environment standard.
D) the hostile work environment standard can be applied to same-sex harassment cases.
E) quid pro quo harassment cases are now more typical than harassment by creating a hostile work environment.

Question 15

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a disability is strictly defined as

A) a physical impairment that precludes someone from working.
B) a disabling condition that makes a person highly dependent on others.
C) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
D) a condition in which a person is paralyzed.
E) the contraction of a disease that is contagious or epidemic.

Question 16

________ occurs when unwelcome sexual conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with job performance.

A) Social loafing
B) Class action
C) Hostile environment
D) Free riding
E) Affirmative action

Question 17

The ________ is an invisible barrier that makes it difficult for certain groups, such as minorities and women, to move beyond a certain level in the organizational hierarchy.

A) span of control
B) glass ceiling
C) service gap
D) value chain
E) Gini index

Question 18

Stereotypes can cost the organization dearly by stifling employees' ambition so that they don't fully contribute.

Question 19

________ refers to the submission to or rejection of sexual conduct that is used as a basis for employment decisions.

A) Social loafing
B) Mutual adjustment
C) Quid pro quo harassment
D) Whistleblowing
E) The glass ceiling

Question 20

A diverse workforce inhibits organizational flexibility because the organization's culture cannot tolerate different styles and approaches.

Question 21

"Juan, I'm sure glad that I hired you, Rita, Jesus, and Adriana-the first Hispanic employees in our small firm," said Randy, owner of SureFire Pest Control. "You and your colleagues have shown that a ________ provides greater knowledge of ________. As a result, we have been able to design products, services, and marketing campaigns to meet our Hispanic customers' needs."

A) diverse workforce; diverse markets
B) homogenous workforce; diverse markets
C) homogenous workforce; homogenous markets
D) diverse workforce; homogenous markets
E) local workforce; homogenous markets

Question 22

________ form the largest unemployed minority population in the United States.

A) People with disabilities
B) Young adults
C) Asians
D) Catholics
E) Married individuals

Question 23

Permitting older employees to work fewer hours per week as a strategy to attract and retain these experienced people is an effort toward

A) job rotation.
B) social facilitation.
C) phased retirement.
D) downsizing.
E) micromanaging.

Question 24

Even when managers do not themselves engage in ________, if they fail to prevent it or to take appropriate action after receiving legitimate complaints about it, they may still be held liable, along with their companies, if a lawsuit is filed.

A) harassment
B) discrimination
C) discipline practices
D) complaining
E) whistleblowing

Question 25

At QP Systems Inc., the authorities are taking special efforts to recruit qualified members from minority groups that have been discriminated against in the past. This is referred to as

A) standardization.
B) affirmative action.
C) mutual adjustment.
D) egocentrism.
E) glass ceiling.

Question 26

In the weekly managers' meeting, Brianna confided that one of her employees was struggling with alcoholism and that his condition was affecting his work performance. She said, "I need for his work performance to improve, and we are working with human resources to develop a program to accomplish that. At the same time, I am mindful of the requirements of the ________, including the need to not discriminate against him and recognize that he has the same rights and opportunities as everyone else."

A) Fair Labor Standards Act
B) Americans with Disabilities Act
C) Civil Rights Act
D) Labor-Management Relations Act
E) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

Question 27

In today's service and technology economy, more positions require

A) physical strength and stamina.
B) skill in a trade.
C) a college education and even a graduate or professional degree.
D) a technical certificate and a bonding license.
E) soft skills.

Question 28

Charlie, a new frontline supervisor at Art Foods, was surprised to hear that diversity refers to far more than skin color and gender. His boss, Barbara, a long-time department head, told Charlie, "Managing a diverse workforce is rewarding and challenging at the same time. Remember that diversity refers to far more than skin color and gender. Diversity also refers to ________."

A) religious affiliation, age, disability status, military experience, and sexual orientation
B) religious affiliation, age, disability status, home ownership, and sexual orientation
C) educational level, political party, age, disability status, and sexual orientation
D) religious affiliation, political party, age, disability status, and sexual orientation
E) educational level, age, disability status, athletic ability, and sexual orientation

Question 29

Both categories of harassment, quid pro quo and hostile environment, violate ________, regardless of the sex of the harasser and the victim.

A) the Americans with Disabilities Act
B) the Fair Labor Standards Act
C) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
E) the Equal Employment Opportunity Act

Question 30

Gerald, vice president of human resources at Acme Tool, contemplates how future changes in the workforce demographics of the United States will affect Acme's search for talent, as well as Acme's costs for employee benefits. In future years, the United States workforce will experience a

A) decrease in the number of older workers and a slight increase in the number of young workers.
B) large increase in the number of older workers and a decrease in the number of young workers.
C) decrease in the number of older workers and a large increase in the number of young workers.
D) decrease in the number of older workers and a decrease in the number of young workers.
E) large increase in the number of older workers and a slight increase in the number of young workers.

Question 31

________ is most likely to help employers in preventing an exodus of talent, and retaining skilled and knowledgeable older workers.

A) Emphasis on physical effort
B) Introduction of phased retirement programs
C) Micromanagement of older employees
D) Increase in the number of work hours
E) Limited training for older employees

Question 32

At the annual Executive Women in Technology Conference, Patty told Marge, "In our firm, women still earn less, on average, than men. But the ________ is ________, especially for younger women,

A) service gap; widening
B) pay gap; closing
C) service gap; closing
D) pay gap; widening
E) pay gap; too small to measure

Question 33

Jamal, Operations Manager at SigmaRight Manufacturing, confidentially told his peer, "James may not be as physically able as my other employees, but he can be counted upon to do his work, he rarely misses a day, and he is a loyal and committed employee." James is likely a ________ employee.

A) disabled
B) part-time
C) male
D) young
E) older

Question 34

How do businesses benefit by hiring physically disabled people?

A) Their costs will decrease as they do not have to pay salaries to such employees.
B) They can avail the company of tax credits.
C) They are exempted from paying interest on the loans borrowed.
D) They can legally support the glass-ceiling effect.
E) They will never experience a financial loss.

Question 35

________ is the main reason behind the projected slowdown in the pace of growth of the labor force in the United States and other developed countries.

A) Lower birth rate
B) Lower mortality rate
C) Emergence of the baby boom generation
D) Increased diversity in the workforce
E) Introduction of affirmative action

Question 36

Sarah, department manager at RRE Corporation, met with her division manager and told him, "As is common with many working women, I carry the bulk of family responsibilities. And that puts me at a disadvantage when my employer expects employees, especially managers like me, to put in long hours and sacrifice our personal lives. I would like to propose that RRE ________."

A) offer fixed work schedules
B) disallow work from home
C) offer flexible work schedules
D) shift more family responsibilities to men
E) encourage employees with work/family conflicts to find other employment

Question 37

The ________ standard applies to same-sex harassment, as well as to non-gender-related cases, such as a pattern of racial or ethnic slurs.

A) quid pro quo
B) glass ceiling
C) affirmative action
D) hostile work environment
E) equal employment

Question 38

________ occurs in a work environment when submission to or rejection of sexual conduct is used as a basis for employment decisions.

A) Sexual harassment
B) Nepotism
C) Quid pro quo
D) Whistleblowing
E) Racism

Question 39

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), ________ is considered a disability.

A) chicken pox
B) conjunctivitis
C) alcoholism
D) sinus infection
E) influenza

Question 40

Future trends in the U.S. labor force include a(n) ________ labor force.

A) smaller
B) inexperienced
C) more homogenous
D) younger
E) less specialized

Question 41

When miscommunication and stress reduce cohesiveness, it is most likely that

A) instances of groupthink increase.
B) performance may decline.
C) ethnocentrism decreases.
D) creativity within teams increases.
E) instances of stereotyping decrease.

Question 42

An organization that has the least structural integration of diverse workers is

A) a monolithic organization.
B) a multicultural organization.
C) most likely to fully integrate minority group members both formally and informally.
D) a pluralistic organization.
E) most likely to use affirmative action approach to prevent any discrimination.

Question 43

The difference between monolithic organizations and pluralistic organizations is that ________

A) monolithic organizations are much more culturally integrated.
B) pluralistic organizations do not use an affirmative action approach to eliminate discrimination.
C) pluralistic organizations are marked by a complete absence of discrimination and prejudice.
D) pluralistic organizations have a more diverse employee population.
E) monolithic organizations tend to have higher levels of intergroup conflicts.

Question 44

Less restrictive policies and procedures and less standardized operating methods

A) allow organizations to be more flexible.
B) make it difficult for organizations to respond quickly .
C) widen the span of control in an organization.
D) make an organization more centralized and mechanistic.
E) increase groupthink within organizations.

Question 45

A diverse workforce is ________ to succumb to groupthink.

A) less likely
B) more likely
C) not at all likely
D) extremely likely
E) unable

Question 46

Rosie assigned a newly hired employee, Arjun, to the accounting department because the department needs to work more quickly and accurately. Rosie assumed that the new employee could provide the needed energy. Unfortunately, the other workers seemed to resent Arjun's presence because of his cultural and ethnic background, as well as his language barrier. They have further excluded him from the work group. This has made Arjun's work more difficult because he is not really given the "inside" information needed to perform his work efficiently. ________, one of the challenges of a diversified workforce, appears to be operating most prominently in this scenario.

A) Gender discrimination
B) Groupthink
C) Lower cohesiveness
D) Greater flexibility
E) Decentralized decision making

Question 47

A monolithic organization is ________ in terms of its employee population.

A) homogeneous
B) highly geocentric
C) highly flexible
D) culturally integrated
E) racially diverse

Question 48

When employees believe that their differences are not merely tolerated but valued, they are likely to

A) succumb to groupthink.
B) practice free riding.
C) become more loyal.
D) become more rigid.
E) become less productive.

Question 49

________ diversity promotes creativity and innovation because employees from different backgrounds hold different perspectives.

A) Work team
B) Management team
C) Interview team
D) Customer base
E) Supplier base

Question 50

A pluralistic organization is best defined as an organization that

A) has a diverse employee population.
B) has the most synergistic environment.
C) fully integrates minority group members both formally and informally.
D) has no cultural integration.
E) explicitly supports discrimination and prejudice.

Question 51

In monolithic organizations, conflicts among groups tend to be low. The most likely reason behind this low rate of conflict is that in monolithic organizations,

A) minorities are employed at all job levels.
B) minority group members have to adopt the norms of the majority to survive.
C) diversity not only exists but is valued.
D) the level of cultural integration is very high.
E) the minority group members identify strongly with the company.

Question 52

________ are/is one of the disadvantages commonly associated with a diversified workforce.

A) Reduced organizational flexibility
B) Increased groupthink
C) Increased communication problems
D) Enhanced cohesiveness
E) Reduced creativity and innovation

Question 53

In monolithic organizations,

A) group members from other than the norm primarily hold low-status jobs.
B) minority members identify strongly with the company.
C) minority members need not adopt the norms of the majority to survive.
D) cultural integration is very high.
E) discrimination and prejudice are almost nonexistent.

Question 54

In pluralistic organizations, ________

A) an affirmative action approach is used.
B) the employee population is completely homogenous.
C) integration is less than in monolithic organizations.
D) integration is much higher than in multicultural organizations.
E) conflict among groups is nonexistent.

Question 55

________ is a defining characteristic of pluralistic organizations.

A) Absence of affirmative action to prevent discrimination
B) High prevalence of discrimination and prejudice
C) Presence of a highly homogeneous workforce
D) High levels of intergroup conflicts
E) Presence of minorities at all levels or functions

Question 56

Companies with a reputation for providing opportunities for diverse employees are most likely to

A) have a disadvantage in the labor market.
B) have a homogenous workforce.
C) take greater time in responding to environmental changes.
D) attract and retain motivated employees.
E) facilitate groupthink among its employees.

Question 57

A multicultural organization is best defined as an organization

A) in which diversity not only exists but is valued.
B) with a homogeneous employee population.
C) that is marked by a presence of prejudice and discrimination.
D) that lacks cultural integration.
E) that is marked by high levels of intergroup conflicts.

Question 58

________ is an advantage of managing a diverse workforce.

A) Development of standardized operating methods
B) Greater opportunity for groupthink
C) Ability to leverage creativity and innovation in problem solving
D) Ability to efficiently reap the benefits of the glass ceiling effect
E) Cohesiveness

Question 59

Work team diversity promotes creativity and innovation because people with different backgrounds

A) value the benefits of stereotyping.
B) are less tolerant toward diverse styles and approaches.
C) hold different perspectives on issues.
D) are bound to adopt standardized operating methods.
E) facilitate the occurrence of groupthink.

Question 60

Gail was recently denied a promotion at her job. She was told that management was looking for someone who was more aggressive to fill the position. Gail's coworkers were surprised by the management's decision because she had a reputation for "getting things done." Gail later overheard one of the managers saying that he did not believe she was committed to her career because "she is a typical woman." This instance exemplifies the problem of ________ associated with a diverse workforce.

A) stereotyping
B) groupthink
C) affirmative action
D) free riding
E) social loafing

Question 61

Tying the employee training to specific, measurable business goals ________ its usefulness and makes it easier to assess.

A) compresses
B) increases
C) reduces
D) escalates
E) diminishes

Question 62

Recognizing religious holidays, differing modes of dress, and dietary restrictions, as well as accommodating the needs of individuals with disabilities are all efforts toward

A) creating a homogeneous employee population.
B) limiting structural integration.
C) facilitating groupthink within the organization.
D) cultivating a monolithic organization.
E) making systems accommodation to cultivate a diverse workforce.

Question 63

Typically, diversity training has two components:

A) skill building and technical training.
B) personal values assessment and skills training.
C) reverse mentoring and technical training.
D) awareness building and skill building.
E) reverse mentoring and gap analysis.

Question 64

The similarity between monolithic organizations and pluralistic organizations is that

A) they do not employ people from minority groups.
B) they fully integrate minority group members both formally and informally.
C) minority group members tend to be clustered at certain levels in both these organizations.
D) discrimination and prejudices are nonexistent in these organizations.
E) conflict among groups is very low in these organizations.

Question 65

Retaining good workers, irrespective of their diverse backgrounds, is becoming increasingly important because

A) the younger workforce has lower educational qualifications.
B) replacing experienced workers has become more costly.
C) the number of monolithic organizations is increasing.
D) the market demand for labor force is reducing.
E) converting pluralistic organizations into monolithic organizations has become necessary.

Question 66

Multicultural organizations

A) do not employ people from minority groups.
B) fully integrate minority group members both formally and informally.
C) cluster minority group members only at certain levels.
D) employ managers who focus primarily on employees' visible differences.
E) are marked by high levels of intergroup conflict.

Question 67

________ is an effective practice in cultivating a diverse workforce within an organization.

A) Facilitating groupthink within the organization
B) Limiting the work of managing diversity to top management alone
C) Expecting minority group members to adopt the norms of the majority to survive
D) Offering flexible work schedules and arrangements
E) Keeping minority group members away from the informal network

Question 68

________ are high-level managers who help people meet top management and learn the norms and values of the organization.

A) Mentors
B) Nepotists
C) Category captains
D) Whistleblowers
E) Free riders

Question 69

Theo, as part of his recent promotion, attended a training program that focused on issues like active listening, mentoring, and giving feedback. The training program required Theo to participate in exercises that focused on these areas along with other managers and employees. Theo found the seminar to be very helpful in pointing out the different approaches preferred by people from different backgrounds. This type of instruction is common in diversity training and is known as

A) reverse mentoring.
B) skill building.
C) gap analysis.
D) awareness building.
E) homogeneity training.

Question 70

A defining characteristic of multicultural organizations is that

A) they do not employ people from minority groups.
B) they are marked by an absence of prejudice and discrimination.
C) minority group members tend to be clustered only at certain levels in such organizations.
D) managers in such organizations focus primarily on employees' visible differences.
E) they are marked by high levels of intergroup conflicts.

Question 71

Integrating diversity into a corporate mission statement, providing adequate funding toward diversity efforts, and establishing corporate positions responsible for the management of diversity programs are all efforts that demonstrate top management's

A) commitment toward managing diversity.
B) attempt to build a monolithic organization.
C) commitment toward reducing corporate governance.
D) failure to address the cultural aspects of integration.
E) determination toward promoting ethnocentrism.

Question 72

________ is one of the goals of diversity training.

A) Maintaining a homogenous team
B) Identifying and reducing hidden biases toward minority groups
C) Increasing instances of groupthink
D) Decreasing cultural integration
E) Encouraging minority group members to adopt the norms of the majority

Question 73

Awareness building in diversity training is designed to

A) make managers aware of the problems involved in promoting workplace diversity.
B) impart specific skills to managers.
C) increase recognition of the meaning and importance of valuing diversity.
D) educate employees on ways to improve their interpersonal skills.
E) make managers aware of the need to give members of minority groups low-status jobs.

Question 74

Anna, a new recruit at Yellow Systems Inc., was encouraged to join the Hispanic Help Group (HHP) to discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by Hispanics at work. The group helped individuals like Anna, who came from a diverse background, understand the norms, culture, and other employees within the organization. With the help of this group, Anna was able to adjust to the organization more quickly and effectively. Thus, Hispanic Help Group is an example of a(n)

A) association of whistleblowers.
B) employee support group.
C) focus group.
D) quality circle.
E) cross-functional group.

Question 75

"We are certainly in a better position in terms of diversity management than we were five years ago," said Patricia Collins-Jones, CEO of BetterFit, Inc. "We certainly have a more diverse employee population, and we have taken steps to involve people from different backgrounds in our business operations. However, I expect us to do more. We must be an organization where diversity not only exists, but is valued. We must ________."

A) encourage minority group members to adopt the norms of the majority
B) fully integrate minority group members, both formally and informally
C) strive to build a more homogeneous employee population
D) focus primarily upon employees' visible differences, like race or sex
E) encourage more intergroup productive conflict

Question 76

The difference between monolithic organizations and multicultural organizations is that

A) monolithic organizations have a higher degree of structural integration.
B) monolithic organizations use an affirmative action approach to eliminate discrimination.
C) monolithic organizations are marked by an absence of discrimination and prejudice.
D) multicultural organizations place greater value on diversity.
E) multicultural organizations focus solely on employees' visible differences.

Question 77

________ organizations place the greatest value on cultural diversity and address the cultural aspects of integration.

A) Monolithic
B) Multicultural
C) Homogenous
D) Pluralistic
E) Ethnocentric

Question 78

________ is the first step to be taken in the process of cultivating a diverse workforce.

A) Gaining the support of top management regarding diversity
B) Supplying diversity data to government agencies
C) Conducting an organizational assessment
D) Accommodating employees' work and family needs
E) Providing awareness training to the human resources department

Question 79

________ are parent-company nationals who are sent to work at a foreign subsidiary.

A) Third-country nationals
B) Host-country nationals
C) Category captains
D) Expatriates
E) Inpatriates

Question 80

The difference between pluralistic organizations and multicultural organizations is that pluralistic organizations

A) have much more structural integration.
B) do not use an affirmative action approach.
C) are marked by an absence of discrimination and prejudice.
D) fail to address cultural integration.
E) are marked by lower levels of intergroup conflict.