Deck 9: Basic Radiation Protection and Radiobiology

Question 1

The dose equivalent limits for radiation workers are based on the radiation received from what source(s)?

A) Background radiation
B) Medical and dental radiography
C) Occupational exposure
D) Radiation fallout

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In which of the following X-ray interactions with matter is the energy of the incident photon completely absorbed?

A) Compton scattering
B) Photoelectric absorption
C) Bremsstrahlung interactions
D) Characteristic interactions

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which action of ionizing radiation is most prevalent and most harmful to the human body?

A) Direct action
B) Indirect action
C) Hormesis
D) Mitotic apoptosis

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The function of an X-ray beam filter in diagnostic radiology is to

A) decrease the average energy of the beam to improve image quality.
B) permit only beta particles to interact with the atoms of the patient's body.
C) decrease the x-radiation dose to the patient's skin and superficial tissue.
D) remove gamma radiation from the useful X-ray beam.

Question 5

Acute radiation syndrome manifests in four major stages.In what order do these stages occur?

A) Latent period,prodromal period,manifest stage,and recovery or death
B) Manifest stage,prodromal period,latent period,and recovery or death
C) Prodromal period,latent period,manifest stage,and recovery or death
D) Manifest stage,latent period,prodromal period,and recovery or death

Question 6

When laser light stimulates the sensing material in an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSL),the

A) aluminum oxide material luminesces in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received.
B) aluminum oxide stores the laser energy for future reference.
C) lithium fluoride chip emits light.
D) film darkens proportionally to the amount of laser light.

Question 7

The radiographic beam should be restricted so that it is _____ the image receptor.

A) slightly larger than
B) no larger than
C) twice as large as
D) four times as large as

Question 8

A given dose of radiation generally has the greatest potential for damage in tissues that have

A) the most mature.
B) the largest cells.
C) more rapidly dividing cells.
D) cells with the lowest cytoplasmic water content.

Question 9

The radiation a person receives from the sun (cosmic radiation)is categorized as

A) natural background radiation.
B) medical background radiation.
C) atmospheric radiation.
D) radioactivity.

Question 10

Nausea is principally associated with the

A) prodromal period.
B) latent period.
C) central nervous system syndrome.
D) manifest stage.

Question 11

The photon interaction that results in the highest patient exposure is _____ interactions.

A) bremsstrahlung
B) Compton
C) classical scattering
D) photoelectric

Question 12

With regard to the ALARA principle,the responsibility of the radiographer is to

A) obtain high-quality radiographs in an efficient manner.
B) keep radiation exposures at the lowest levels possible.
C) assess image quality as a function of dose.
D) determine the risk-to-benefit relationship between ordered examinations and dose.

Question 13

The material commonly used for shielding against radiation exposure in protective aprons and gloves is

A) lead.
B) barium impregnated vinyl.
C) bismuth.
D) titanium.

Question 14

Which of the following is a principle of the ALARA concept?

A) All diagnostic X-ray exposure is low energy and of little concern.
B) The radiographer should hold a standard number of patients per year as long as it is below the allowable limits.
C) X-ray doses can increase progressively to allowable limits on older patients.
D) The radiographer's occupational exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable and the concept of "permissible dose" is no longer recognized.

Question 15

For a pregnant radiographer who declares her pregnancy to the employer,a second personnel monitoring device is provided.The purpose of this additional monitor is to ensure that the monthly equivalent dose to the embryo or fetus does not exceed _____ mSv (_____ rem).

A) 0.5;0.05
B) 10;1
C) 5;0.5
D) 50;5

Question 16

Which of the following personnel radiation monitors will provide a near-immediate reading of radiation exposure,if necessary?

A) TLD
B) Film badge
C) Lithium fluoride chips
D) Pocket dosimeter

Question 17

A device that is commonly used to locate and measure the intensity of a radioactive material in an area is a(n)

A) film badge.
B) flat panel TFT detector.
C) Geiger-Müller counter.
D) OSL dosimeter.

Question 18

If a technologist stands 2 m from an X-ray tube and receives an exposure rate of 4 mR/h,the exposure rate would be _____ mR/h if the person stands 4 m from the X-ray tube.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4