Deck 7: Periodic Properties of the Elements

Question 1

Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of bromine?

A) Br (g) + e^- -Br^- (g)
B) Br⁺ (g) + e^- - Br (g)
C) Br₂ (g) + 2 e^- - 2 Br^- (g)
D) Br (g) -Br⁺ (g) + e^-
E) Br₂ (g) + e^- -Br^- (g)

Answer 1

Br (g) + e^- -Br^- (g)

Question 2

Of the compounds below, has the smallest ionic separation.

A) SrBr₂
B) RbF
C) K₂S
D) RbCl
E) KF

Answer 2

KF

Question 3

Which one of the following is a metalloid?

A) Ge
B) S
C) C
D) Br
E) Pb

Answer 3

Ge

Question 4

This element reacts with hydrogen to produce a gas with the formula HX. When dissolved in water, HX forms an acidic solution. X is _,

A) Br
B) H
C) C
D) Na
E) O

Question 5

Of the following elements, which have been shown to form compounds? helium neon argon krypton xenon

A) xenon, krypton, and argon
B) xenon and krypton
C) xenon and argon
D) xenon only
E) None of the above can form compounds.

Question 6

Screening by the valence electrons in atoms is _ .

A) more efficient than that by core electrons
B) less efficient than that by core electrons
C) responsible for a general increase in atomic radius going across a period
D) essentially identical to that by core electrons
E) both more efficient than that by core electrons and responsible for a general increase in atomic radius going across a period

Question 7

Element M reacts with oxygen to form an oxide with the formula MO. When MO is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is basic. Element M could be _.

A) Na
B) S
C) N
D) Ba
E) C

Question 8

Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy?

A) Sr
B) Ca
C) Rb
D) Ba
E) K

Question 9

Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy?

A) C
B) Si
C) N
D) B
E) P

Question 10

Screening by core electrons in atoms is .

A) essentially identical to that by valence electrons
B) less efficient than that by valence electrons
C) more efficient than that by valence electrons
D) responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group
E) both essentially identical to that by valence electrons and responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group

Question 11

Which element would be expected to have chemical and physical properties closest to those of fluorine?

A) Cl
B) S
C) Fe
D) O
E) Ne

Question 12

Alkali metals tend to be more reactive than alkaline earth metals because .

A) alkali metals have lower densities
B) alkali metals have lower melting points
C) alkali metals have lower ionization energies
D) alkali metals have greater electron affinities
E) alkali metals are not more reactive than alkaline earth metals

Question 13

Which one of the following elements has an allotrope that is produced in the upper atmosphere by lightning?

A) He
B) N
C) S
D) Cl
E) O

Question 14

Nonmetals can be at room temperature.

A) solid only
B) liquid only
C) solid, liquid, or gas
D) liquid or gas
E) solid or liquid

Question 15

Which one of the following is not true about the alkali metals?

A) They all readily form ions with a +1 charge.
B) They are very reactive elements.
C) They have the lowest first ionization energies of the elements.
D) They are low density solids at room temperature.
E) They all have 2 electrons in their valence shells.

Question 16

This element is more reactive than lithium and magnesium but less reactive than potassium. This element is _ _.

A) Na
B) Fr
C) Rb
D) Be
E) Ca

Question 17

Alkaline earth metals _ .

A) exist as triatomic molecules
B) form halides with the formula MX
C) form basic oxides
D) form monoanions
E) have the smallest atomic radius in a given period

Question 18

Which of the following correctly lists the five atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to largest)?

A) F < Br < Ge < Rb < K
B) F < K < Ge < Br < Rb
C) F < Ge < Br < K < Rb
D) F < K < Br < Ge < Rb
E) F < Br < Ge < K < Rb

Question 19

Which of these oxides is most basic?

A) CO₂
B) K₂O
C) Al₂O₃
D) MgO
E) Na₂O

Question 20

Hydrogen is unique among the elements because _.
1) It has only one valence electron.
2) It is the only element that can emit an atomic spectrum.
3) Its electron is not at all shielded from its nucleus.
4) It is the lightest element.
5) It is the only element to exist at room temperature as a diatomic gas.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D) 3, 4
E) 2, 3, 4

Question 21

All of the halogens _ _.

A) exhibit metallic character
B) tend to form positive ions of several different charges
C) tend to form negative ions of several different charges
D) form salts with alkali metals with the formula MX
E) exist under ambient conditions as diatomic gases

Question 22

Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy?

A) S
B) Ge
C) Sb
D) Se
E) As

Question 23

In which of the following atoms is the 2s orbital closest to the nucleus?

A) Si
B) S
C) P
D) Cl
E) The 2s orbitals are the same distance from the nucleus in all of these atoms.

Question 24

Of the following elements, has the most negative electron affinity.

A) S
B) Na
C) K
D) O
E) B

Question 25

Of the following statements, _ is not true for oxygen.

A) Dry air is about 79% oxygen.
B) The chemical formula of ozone is O₃.
C) The most stable allotrope of oxygen is O₂.
D) Oxygen forms peroxide and superoxide anions.
E) Oxygen is a colorless gas at room temperature.

Question 26

Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of phosphorus?

A) P⁺ (g) + e^- - P (g)
B) P (g) -P⁺ (g) + e^-
C) P⁺ (g) + e^- -P²⁺ (g)
D) P^- (g) + e^- -P^2- (g)
E) P⁺ (g) -P²⁺ (g) + e^-

Question 27

Which one of the following compounds would produce an acidic solution when dissolved in water?

A) CO₂
B) Na₂O
C) MgO
D) SrO
E) CaO

Question 28

Which of the following traits characterizes the alkali metals?

A) very high melting point
B) formation of dianions
C) existence as diatomic molecules
D) the lowest first ionization energies in a period
E) the smallest atomic radius in a period

Question 29

is a unique element and does not truly belong to any family.

A) Uranium
B) Helium
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen
E) Radium

Question 30

Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy?

A) Cl
B) Br
C) Na
D) Al
E) Se

Question 31

Chlorine is much more apt to exist as an anion than is sodium. This is because .

A) chlorine is more metallic than sodium
B) chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid
C) chlorine is bigger than sodium
D) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does
E) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does

Question 32

Which one of the following compounds produces a basic solution when dissolved in water?

A) CO₂
B) Na₂O
C) OF₂
D) SO₂
E) O₂

Question 33

Electrons in the 1s subshell are much closer to the nucleus in Ar than in He due to the larger
In Ar.

A) Hund's rule
B) paramagnetism
C) nuclear charge
D) azimuthal quantum number
E) diamagnetism

Question 34

Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of calcium?

A) Ca^- (g) - Ca (g) + e^-
B) Ca (g) + e^- - Ca^-(g)
C) Ca⁺(g) + e^-- Ca (g)
D) Ca (g) - Ca⁺(g) + e^-
E) Ca (g) -Ca^-(g) + e^-

Question 35

Of the elements below, _ _ has the highest melting point.

A) Ca
B) Ba
C) K
D) Na
E) Fe

Question 36

Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?

A) I
B) Ca
C) Co
D) Ba
E) Sr

Question 37

Of the following atoms, which has the largest first ionization energy?

A) P
B) Br
C) O
D) I
E) C

Question 38

Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow:
(i) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
(ii) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
(iii) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹
(iv) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ (v) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵
The electron configuration of the atom with the most negative electron affinity is _.

A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)

Question 39

Which equation correctly represents the electron affinity of calcium?

A) Ca (g) -Ca⁺ (g) + e^-
B) Ca (g) -Ca^- (g) + e^-
C) Ca⁺ (g) + e^- - Ca (g)
D) Ca^- (g) - Ca (g) + e^-
E) Ca (g) + e^- -Ca^- (g)

Question 40

Of the elements below, has the largest first ionization energy.

A) Na
B) H
C) Rb
D) K
E) Li

Question 41

Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy?

A) Ca
B) K
C) Ge
D) Se
E) Ga

Question 42

Of the elements below, is the most metallic.

A) Na
B) Mg
C) K
D) Ar
E) Al

Question 43

Of the following metals, exhibits multiple oxidation states.

A) Al
B) Cs
C) Ca
D) Na
E) V

Question 44

Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?

A) low ionization energies
B) ductility
C) acidic oxides
D) malleability
E) These are all characteristics of metals.

Question 45

When two elements combine to form a compound, the greater the difference in metallic character between the two elements, the greater the likelihood that the compound will be .

A) metallic
B) a liquid at room temperature
C) a gas at room temperature
D) a solid at room temperature
E) nonmetallic

Question 46

Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of aluminum?

A) Al- (g) + e^- -Al^2- (g)
B) Al⁺ (g) + e^- -Al²⁺ (g)
C) Al⁺ (g) + e^- - Al (g)
D) Al (g) -Al⁺ (g) + e^-
E) Al⁺ (g) - Al²⁺ (g) + e^-

Question 47

Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow:
(i) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
(ii) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
(iii) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹
(iv) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ (v) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵
The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have a positive electron affinity is

A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)

Question 48

have the lowest first ionization energies of the groups listed.

A) Halogens
B) Alkali metals
C) Transition elements
D) Noble gases
E) Alkaline earth metals

Question 49

Of the following oxides, is the most acidic.

A) CO₂
B) Al₂O₃
C) Na₂O
D) Li₂O
E) CaO

Question 50

Sodium is much more apt to exist as a cation than is chlorine. This is because .

A) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does
B) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does
C) chlorine is bigger than sodium
D) chlorine is more metallic than sodium
E) chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid

Question 51

Which of the following is an isoelectronic series?

A) B^5- , Si^4- , As^3- , Te^2-
B) S, Cl, Ar, K
C) O^2- , P^- , Ne, Na⁺
D) F^- , Cl^- , Br^- , I^-
E) Si^2- , P^2- , S^2- , Cl^2-

Question 52

Of the following elements, has the most negative electron affinity.

A) Cl
B) P
C) B
D) Al
E) Si

Question 53

Atomic radius generally increases as we move .

A) down a group; the period position has no effect
B) up a group and from right to left across a period
C) up a group and from left to right across a period
D) down a group and from right to left across a period
E) down a group and from left to right across a period

Question 54

Hydrogen is unique among the elements because _.
1) It is not really a member of any particular group.
2) Its electron is not at all shielded from its nucleus.
3) It is the lightest element.
4) It is the only element to exist at room temperature as a diatomic gas.
5) It exhibits some chemical properties similar to those of groups 1A and 7A.

A) 1, 4, 5
B) 1, 2, 3, 5
C) 2, 3, 4, 5
D) 3, 4
E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Question 55

Which isoelectronic series is correctly arranged in order of increasing radius?

A) Cl^- < Ar < K⁺ < Ca²⁺
B) Ca²⁺ < Ar < K⁺ < Cl^-
C) K⁺ < Ca²⁺ < Ar < Cl^-
D) Ca²⁺ < K⁺ < Cl^- < Ar
E) Ca²⁺ < K⁺ < Ar < Cl^-

Question 56

Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?

A) Cl
B) O
C) Ne
D) F
E) S

Question 57

The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is .

A) Na > K > Rb
B) P > S > Se
C) Si > P > S
D) F > Cl > S
E) B > N > C

Question 58

Of the following species, has the largest radius.

A) Kr
B) Br^-
C) Sr²⁺
D) Rb⁺
E) Ar

Question 59

In which of the following atoms is the 3s orbital closest to the nucleus?

A) At
B) I
C) Br
D) Cl
E) The 3s orbitals are the same distance from the nucleus in all of these atoms.

Question 60

Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of aluminum?

A) Al (g) -Al^-(g) + e^-
B) Al⁺ (g) + e^- - Al (g)
C) Al (g) + e^- - Al^-(g)
D) Al^- (g) - Al (g) + e^-
E) Al (g) -Al⁺(g) + e^-

Question 61

All of the following are ionic compounds except .

A) NaCl
B) Li₃N
C) Na₂SO₄
D) SiO₂
E) K₂O

Question 62

Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow:
(i) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
(ii) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
(iii) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹
(iv) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ (v) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵
The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest second ionization energy is

A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)

Question 63

Of the elements below, is the most metallic.

A) magnesium
B) cesium
C) calcium
D) sodium
E) barium

Question 64

Which element is solid at room temperature?

A) I₂
B) Br₂
C) H₂
D) F₂
E) Cl₂

Question 65

Which ion below has the largest radius?

A) K⁺
B) F^-
C) Cl^-
D) Br^-
E) Na⁺

Question 66

Between which two elements is the difference in metallic character the greatest?

A) Rb and O
B) Li and Rb
C) O and I
D) Rb and I
E) Li and O

Question 67

In nature, sulfur is most commonly found in .

A) sulfuric acid
B) metal sulfides
C) sulfur oxides
D) pure elemental sulfur
E) H₂S

Question 68

Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy?

A) Al
B) Na
C) Mg
D) Si
E) P

Question 69

Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si and Ar?

A) Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg
B) Ar > P > Si > Mg > Na
C) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar
D) Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg
E) Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar

Question 70

Which one of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?

A) P
B) B
C) F
D) Al
E) O

Question 71

In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?

A) S, Se, Si
B) Na, Mg, K
C) Ne, Na, Mg
D) O, S, Se
E) N, O, F

Question 72

In nature, the noble gases exist as

A) alkali metal salts
B) solids in rocks and in minerals
C) monatomic gaseous atoms
D) the sulfides
E) the gaseous fluorides

Question 73

Consider the general valence electron configuration of ns²np⁵ and the following statements:
(i) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to form - 1 anions.
(ii) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to have large positive electron affinities.
(iii) Elements with this electron configuration are nonmetals.
(iv) Elements with this electron configuration form acidic oxides. Which statements are true?

A) (i), (ii), and (iii)
B) (i) and (ii)
C) (i), (iii,) and (iv)
D) (ii) and (iii)
E) All statements are true.

Question 74

Of the following elements, has the most negative electron affinity.

A) Se
B) Cl
C) Br
D) S
E) I

Question 75

The ion with the smallest diameter is .

A) I^-
B) O^2-
C) Cl^-
D) F^-
E) Br^-

Question 76

Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of calcium?

A) Ca⁺ (g) + e^- - Ca (g)
B) Ca⁺ (g) + e^- -Ca²⁺ (g)
C) Ca- (g) + e^- -Ca^2- (g)
D) Ca (g) -Ca⁺ (g) + e^-
E) Ca⁺ (g) -Ca²⁺ (g) + e^-

Question 77

Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?

A) Y
B) Ca
C) Sr
D) K
E) Rb

Question 78

Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of phosphorus?

A) P^- (g) - P (g) + e^-
B) P (g) + e^- -P^- (g)
C) P (g) -P⁺ (g) + e^-
D) P⁺ (g) + e^- - P (g)
E) P (g) - P^- (g) + e^-

Question 79

Of the following elements, has the most negative electron affinity.

A) Li
B) F
C) N
D) Na
E) Be

Question 80

is isoelectronic with argon and is isoelectronic with neon.

A) Ne^- , Ar⁺
B) F+, F^-
C) Ne^- , Kr⁺
D) Cl^- , F^-
E) Cl^- , Cl⁺