Deck 1: Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Question 1

Which of the following factors of the internal environment is not homeostatically maintained?

A) its concentration of nutrient molecules.
B) its concentration of nitrogen gas, of which 80% of the atmospheric air is composed.
C) its concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
D) its pH.
E) its temperature.

Answer 1

its concentration of nitrogen gas, of which 80% of the atmospheric air is composed.

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning negative feedback is incorrect?

A) negative feedback exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response that opposes the change.
B) negative feedback exists when the input to a system increases the output and the output limits its own production by inhibiting the input.
C) with negative feedback, a control system's input and output continue to enhance each other.
D) most of the body's homeostatic control mechanisms operate on the principle of negative feedback.
E) it is the only mode of extrinsic control.

Answer 2

with negative feedback, a control system's input and output continue to enhance each other.

Question 3

The respiratory system

A) obtains oxygen from and eliminates carbon dioxide to the internal environment.
B) consists of the heart, blood vessels and lungs.
C) plays an important role in maintaining the proper pH of the internal environment by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming carbon dioxide.
D) both (a) and (c) above.
E) all of these answers.

Answer 3

plays an important role in maintaining the proper pH of the internal environment by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming carbon dioxide.

Question 4

The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most of the body's cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct?

A) a decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further lowers the blood glucose concentration.
B) an increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers the blood glucose concentration.
C) a decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases the blood glucose concentration.
D) an increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which further increases the blood glucose concentration.
E) none of these answers.

Question 5

Which of the following is associated with communication between body cells?

A) connective.
B) epithelial.
C) glandular.
D) muscle.
E) nervous

Question 6

The internal environment

A) is in direct contact with the body's cells.
B) consists of the intracellular fluid.
C) must be maintained at absolutely unchanging composition, temperature, and volume for survival of the body.
D) is in direct contact with the body's cells and consists of the intracellular fluid.
E) all of these answers.

Question 7

The activity of one organ is influenced by the activity of several other organs to maintain homeostasis. This is an example of:

A) intrinsic control
B) extrinsic control
C) positive feedback
D) lack of communication
E) feed forward system

Question 8

When a blood capillary is cut, a clot forms under which influence?

A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) extrinsic control.
D) both (a) and (b) above.
E) none of these answers.

Question 9

Which statement(s) regarding endocrine glands is/are true?

A) lack ducts.
B) secrete hormones internally into the blood.
C) are derived from epithelial tissue.
D) include the parathyroids.
E) all of these answers.

Question 10

Select the correct statement about muscle tissue

A) bone is one example.
B) blood is one example.
C) hemoglobin can be found in the extracellular material.
D) there are 3 different types of muscle
E) it is not a primary tissue type.

Question 11

Sweating is initiated in response to a rise in body temperature that occurs on exposure to a hot environment. Evaporation of the sweat cools the body. This is an example of

A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) a feedforward mechanism.
D) an intrinsic (local) control mechanism.
E) autoregulation.

Question 12

Which of the following body systems is not directed entirely toward maintaining homeostasis?

A) reproductive system.
B) endocrine system
C) nervous system.
D) both b and c
E) none of the above answers

Question 13

This tissue type includes blood and bones.

A) connective.
B) endocrine.
C) epithelial.
D) muscle.
E) nervous.

Question 14

Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization?

A) cell-organ-tissue-system-organism.
B) cell-tissue-organ-system-organism.
C) tissue-cell-system-organism-organ.
D) organ-tissue-cell-organism-system.
E) system-cell-organ-organism-tissue.

Question 15

Which of the following emphasizes mechanism over purpose?

A) a person breathes to obtain oxygen.
B) a person sweats to cool off.
C) a person's stomach secretes digestive juices because it is stimulated by the nervous system.
D) a person's heart beats to pump blood.
E) a person's kidneys produce urine to eliminate wastes from the body.

Question 16

The smallest functional unit in the human body from a physiologic perspective is the:

A) nucleus
B) atom
C) cell
D) tissue

Question 17

Nutrients and oxygen are distributed through the body mainly by the ____ system.

A) circulatory.
B) digestive.
C) endocrine.
D) integumentary.
E) skeletal.

Question 18

Which of the following is (not a type of muscle tissue)?

A) smooth
B) skeletal
C) cardiac
D) respiratory
E) none of these answers.

Question 19

Select the incorrect association.

A) anatomy/function
B) human body/multicellular.
C) carbon dioxide/cell waste product.
D) physiology/body function.
E) unicellular/one-celled.

Question 20

Extracellular fluid

A) is the internal environment of the body.
B) is outside the cells but inside the body.
C) consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid.
D) two of these answers.
E) all of these answers.

Question 21

The external environment is found outside the body.

Question 22

All cells are capable of reproducing.

Question 23

Blood is a type of connective tissue.

Question 24

Organs are composed of two or more kinds of primary tissues.

Question 25

The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood plasma.

Question 26

Factors that are homeostatically regulated are maintained at a constant, fixed level unless disease is present.

Question 27

Muscle cells produce movement by expanding.

Question 28

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood.

Question 29

All enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes.

Question 30

Which statement(s) regarding stem cells is/are correct?

A) they are undifferentiated embryonic cells.
B) they may reproduce many times.
C) their daughter cells may differentiate into a number of different specialized cell types.
D) all of these answers.
E) none of these answers.

Question 31

Glands are formed during embryonic development by pockets of epithelial tissue that dip inward from the surface.

Question 32

Cells eliminate carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Question 33

A mechanism explanation of why a person breathes is to obtain oxygen.

Question 34

Calcium is stored mainly in the ____ system.

A) digestive.
B) endocrine.
C) integumentary.
D) muscular.
E) skeletal.

Question 35

Most body cells are not in direct contact with the external environment.

Question 36

Every organ system of the human body is focused on homeostasis as its primary function.

Question 37

Which cells are considered pluripotent?

A) neurons
B) tissue-specific stem cells
C) embryonic stem cells
D) both b and c
E) none of these answers.

Question 38

Highly differentiated tissues such as nervous and cardiac muscle are incapable of new cell production.

Question 39

Tissues are composed of two or more types of cells organized to perform a particular function or functions.

Question 40

A lumen is a cavity within a hollow organ or tube.

Question 41

The endocrine system functions with the circulatory system for the transport of hormones.

Question 42

The skin is part of the integumentary system.

Question 43

Negative feedback operates to maintain a controlled factor in a relatively steady state, whereas positive feedback moves a controlled variable even further from a steady state.

Question 44

The digestive system eliminates carbon dioxide from the body.

Question 45

The smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes associated with life is the ____________________.

Question 46

Secretion refers to the release from a cell, in response to appropriate stimulation, of specific products that have in large part been synthesized by the cell.

Question 47

____________________ are composed of two or more types of primary tissue organized to perform a particular function or functions.

Question 48

The plasma surrounds and bathes all of the body's cells.

Question 49

To sustain life, the internal environment must be maintained in an absolutely unchanging state.

Question 50

Some organs, such as the heart, skin, and intestine, belong to more than one body system.

Question 51

Intrinsic control mechanisms involve the interactions of several different organs.

Question 52

____________________ glands secrete through ducts in the skin.

Question 53

In tissue exchange, materials move from plasma to the interstitial before moving into cells.

Question 54

With positive feedback, a control system's input and output continue to enhance each other.

Question 55

____________________ cells are specialized to send electrical signals.

Question 56

____________________ muscle tissue composes the heart.

Question 57

A(n) ____________________ is a collection of organs that perform related functions and interact to accomplish a common activity that is essential for survival of the whole body.

Question 58

Not all activities performed by the muscular and nervous systems are directed toward maintaining homeostasis.

Question 59

The concentration of salt (NaCl) in the extracellular fluid is the same as the concentration of salt in the intracellular fluid.

Question 60

Exocrine glands are the only structures in the body capable of secretion.

Question 61

____________________ tissue is composed of cells specialized for contraction and force generation.

Question 62

MATCHING
Use the following answer code to indicate which tissue is being identified.
The heart is made of this type of tissue.

A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue

Question 63

The body cells are in direct contact with and make life-sustaining exchanges with the ____________________.

Question 64

____________________ refers to the abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease.

Question 65

The ____________________ is the liquid that bathes cells.

Question 66

MATCHING
Use the following answer code to indicate which tissue is being identified.
Glands are a derivative of this tissue type.

A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue

Question 67

The ____________________ system controls and coordinates bodily activities that require swift responses, especially to changes in the external environment.

Question 68

The internal environment consists of the ____________________, which is made up of ____________________, the fluid portion of the blood, and ____________________, which surrounds and bathes all cells.

Question 69

____________________ refers to maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.

Question 70

MATCHING
Use the following answer code to indicate which tissue is being identified.
Blood is this tissue type.

A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue

Question 71

Homeostasis is maintained by ____________________ mechanisms.

Question 72

MATCHING
Use the following answer code to indicate which tissue is being identified.
This tissue type is composed of cells specialized for contraction.

A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue

Question 73

The ____________________ system is the transport system of the body.

Question 74

MATCHING
Use the following answer code to indicate which tissue is being identified.
This tissue type is connects, supports, and anchors various body parts

A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue

Question 75

The ____________________ is the liquid part of the blood.

Question 76

The ____________________ system consists of hormone- secreting and gamete producing tissues

Question 77

The ____________________ system eliminates waste products other than carbon dioxide and plays a key role in regulating the volume, electrolyte composition, and acidity of the extracellular fluid.

Question 78

____________________ are drugs that prevent rejection of transplanted tissues.

Question 79

The two major control systems of the body are the ____________________ and the ____________________.

Question 80

MATCHING
Use the following answer code to indicate which tissue is being identified.
This tissue type is made up of cells specialized in the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment

A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue