Deck 17: Metabolism and Nutrition

Question 1

If oxygen is present,pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid,which enters the citric acid cycle.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Deamination results in the formation of ammonia,which is then converted to urea.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fiber and starch,both complex polysaccharides,provide the same number of calories per gram.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The principal reaction that prepares an amino acid for use as an energy source is

A) deamination
B) beta oxidation
C) dehydration synthesis
D) hydrolysis

Question 5

Glucose may be converted to fat by the process of lipogenesis.

Question 6

The molecule that represents stored chemical energy in the cell is

A) DNA
B) ATP
C) RNA
D) glucose
E) acetyl CoA

Question 7

Glycolysis is the

A) aerobic breakdown of glycogen
B) anaerobic breakdown of glycogen
C) aerobic breakdown of glucose
D) anaerobic breakdown of glucose
E) synthesis of glycogen from glucose

Question 8

Nutrition is the

A) study of how nutrients are used
B) same as metabolism
C) acquisition,assimilation,and utilization of nutrients
D) study of chemical reactions that utilize nutrients

Question 9

Four grams of fat yields the same number of calories as 9 grams of carbohydrate.

Question 10

Fats should be avoided in the diet.

Question 11

Vitamins C and K are fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 12

To enter the citric acid cycle

A) lactic acid is first converted to acetyl CoA
B) pyruvic acid is first converted to acetyl CoA
C) lactic acid is first converted to citric acid
D) pyruvic acid is first converted to citric acid
E) citric acid is first converted to acetyl CoA

Question 13

Glycolysis occurs in the

A) cytoplasm and yields pyruvic acid and a small amount of ATP
B) mitochondria and yields pyruvic acid and a small amount of ATP
C) cytoplasm and yields pyruvic acid and a large amount of ATP
D) mitochondria and yields pyruvic acid and a large amount of ATP
E) cytoplasm and yields lactic acid and a large amount of ATP

Question 14

The constructive portion of metabolism is

A) anabolism
B) nutrition
C) dehydration synthesis
D) catabolism
E) hydrolysis

Question 15

The aerobic phase of cellular respiration takes place in the

A) cytoplasm
B) nucleus
C) mitochondria
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) ribosomes

Question 16

The conversion of proteins to fats is called gluconeogenesis.

Question 17

The process that forms glycogen from glucose is

A) glycolysis
B) gluconeogenesis
C) glycogenolysis
D) glycogenesis

Question 18

Proteins provide more energy per gram than do carbohydrates.

Question 19

More energy is produced by aerobic catabolism of glucose than by anaerobic catabolism of glucose.

Question 20

All of the following are synthesized from amino acids EXCEPT

A) hemoglobin
B) hormones
C) cellulose
D) enzymes
E) albumin

Question 21

All of the following are functions of proteins in the body EXCEPT

A) provide structure
B) store vitamins and minerals
C) provide energy
D) regulate body processes through hormones and enzymes

Question 22

The minimum amount of energy that is required to maintain life is called

A) minimal energy output
B) basal metabolism
C) basal thermogenesis
D) basal oxygen requirement
E) minimal oxygen requirement

Question 23

Energy is used in the body for all of the following EXCEPT

A) basal metabolism
B) physical activity
C) movement of water into and out of a cell
D) assimilation of food

Question 24

All of the following affect basal metabolic rate EXCEPT

A) physical activity
B) age
C) sex
D) body build
E) hormone levels

Question 25

The most important function of carbohydrates in the body is to

A) add bulk to the diet
B) provide energy
C) synthesize fats for protection
D) form the basic structural foundation of cell membranes
E) provide the elements for making hormones and enzymes

Question 26

A complete protein is one that

A) supplies all the energy needed for basal metabolism
B) contains all of the different amino acids
C) can be completely digested
D) contains all of the essential amino acids

Question 27

All of the following are true about fiber EXCEPT

A) it is a complex polysaccharide from plants
B) it enhances the absorption of nutrients
C) it is easily digestible in humans
D) it helps move the contents of the large intestine faster and with less effort
E) constipation,hemorrhoids,and colon cancer may be caused by a deficiency of fiber

Question 28

The principal reaction that prepares fatty acids for use as energy is

A) deamination
B) hydrolysis
C) dehydration synthesis
D) beta oxidation

Question 29

The two key molecules in the metabolism and interconversion of carbohydrates,proteins,and fats are

A) lactic acid and pyruvic acid
B) pyruvic acid and citric acid
C) lactic acid and citric acid
D) pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA
E) citric acid and acetyl CoA

Question 30

The products of deamination are ketoacids and ammonia.All of the following are pathways for using the keto acids EXCEPT

A) lipogenesis
B) formation of urea
C) conversion to acetyl CoA
D) gluconeogenesis
E) entry into citric acid cycle

Question 31

All of the following are characteristics of complex polysaccharides EXCEPT

A) insoluble in water
B) taste sweet
C) composed of long chains of monosaccharides
D) may come from plant or animal sources
E) do not form crystals

Question 32

The storage form of energy in plants is

A) fiber
B) cellulose
C) glycogen
D) starch
E) oil

Question 33

The energy needed to utilize food is called _____ of energy usage.

A) basal metabolism and accounts for less than 10%
B) basal metabolism and accounts for about 20%
C) thermogenesis and accounts for less than 10%
D) thermogenesis and accounts for about 20%

Question 34

The molecule that is produced as a result of beta oxidation is

A) acetyl CoA which enters the citric acid cycle
B) pyruvic acid which enters the citric acid cycle
C) acetyl CoA which enters glycolysis
D) pyruvic acid which enters glycolysis
E) acetyl CoA which is used to make amino acids

Question 35

Simple sugars include

A) glucose,maltose,and glycogen
B) glucose,fructose,and glycogen
C) glucose,fructose,and galactose
D) glucose,glycogen,and starch
E) glycogen,starch,and fiber

Question 36

Ten grams of protein provide _____ calories of energy.

A) 10
B) 90
C) 400
D) 100
E) 40

Question 37

Essential amino acids are those that

A) are present in all proteins
B) are those that must be present to make proteins in the body
C) cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied in the diet
D) are present in meat products but not in vegetables

Question 38

One calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of

A) 1 gram of water 1° C
B) 1 gram of water 10° C
C) 1 kilogram of water 1° C
D) 1 kilogram of water 10° C

Question 39

The avenue(s)of energy usage that can be voluntarily controlled is/are

A) basal metabolism
B) physical activity
C) thermogenesis
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 40

Twenty-five grams of pure carbohydrate will yield _____ calories of energy.

A) 25
B) 250
C) 1000
D) 100
E) 10

Question 41

All of the following are correct associations of a mineral with at least one of its functions EXCEPT

A) iron,component of hemoglobin
B) potassium,nerve impulse conduction
C) calcium,muscle contraction
D) sodium,regulates body fluid volume
E) iodine,incorporated into healthy bones and teeth

Question 42

Glycogenolysis means to

A) take apart with water
B) produce glycogen
C) produce glucose from noncarbohydrates
D) take apart glycogen

Question 43

The temperature of the internal organs is called _____ temperature.

A) internal
B) core
C) shell
D) organ
E) visceral

Question 44

All of the following are fat soluble vitamins EXCEPT vitamin

A) A
B) K
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 45

Body temperature is maintained by

A) negative feedback involving the medulla oblongata
B) positive feedback involving the medulla oblongata
C) negative feedback involving the hypothalamus
D) positive feedback involving the hypothalamus

Question 46

Four grams of fat will yield the same amount of energy as

A) 4 grams of protein
B) 9 grams of carbohydrate
C) 20 grams of protein
D) 4 grams of carbohydrate
E) 20 grams of carbohydrate

Question 47

Most of the heat that is lost from the body is lost by

A) radiation
B) conduction
C) convection
D) evaporation

Question 48

When environmental temperatures are cold,heat may be produced and/or conserved in the body by

A) dilation of cutaneous blood vessels
B) decreasing the metabolic rate
C) shivering which produces heat
D) delivery of more blood to the skin

Question 49

A 3 ounce serving of ground beef weighs 85 grams and contains a total of 230 calories.It contains 16 grams of fat.How many calories are from the fat in the ground beef?

A) 16
B) 144
C) 160
D) 85
E) 48

Question 50

All of the following are uses of fats in the diet EXCEPT

A) concentrated storage form of energy
B) transport vitamins
C) structural component of cell membranes
D) transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
E) provide heat insulation

Question 51

The transfer of heat from one object to another by direct contact is called

A) radiation
B) conduction
C) convection
D) evaporation

Question 52

Producing a fever is called

A) thermogenesis
B) pyogenesis
C) antipyogenesis
D) hyperthermia

Question 53

According to American Heart Association guidelines,if your diet provides 2000 calories,then no more than _____ of the calories should be from fat.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%
E) 50%

Question 54

Fats are

A) the least expensive source of energy
B) an essential part of the diet
C) formed from glycerol and amino acids
D) generally unsaturated if they are from an animal source

Question 55

About what percentage of the body is water by weight?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 60%
E) 80%

Question 56

Vitamins are important in the diet.All of the following are reasons the body needs vitamins EXCEPT they

A) supply energy
B) are needed for enzyme actions
C) function in the blood clotting mechanism
D) are needed in the synthesis of nucleic acids
E) are needed in the formation of red blood cells

Question 57

Incomplete proteins

A) cannot provide the essential amino acids
B) should be avoided in the diet
C) should be eaten in combinations that provide all the essential amino acids in the same meal
D) need to be eaten in combinations with complete proteins to provide the essential amino acids

Question 58

The purpose of proteins in the diet is to supply necessary amino acids.All of the following are true about these amino acids EXCEPT

A) they are stored in "amino acid banks" for later use if they are not needed immediately
B) they are broken down and used to make glycogen or fat if they are not needed immediately
C) they are used to synthesize the specific proteins that are needed by the body at any given time
D) about half of the amino acids are essential in the diet because the body is unable to synthesize them from other amino acids

Question 59

Energy is produced by the catabolism of nutrients.Some of this energy is in the form of ATP and is used for biological activities in the body.The remaining energy is heat energy to maintain body temperature.About what percentage of the energy from nutrients is heat?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 60%
E) 80%

Question 60

All of the following are true about animal proteins such as meat,eggs,and dairy products EXCEPT they

A) are complete proteins
B) contain all of the essential amino acids
C) often contain high amounts of fat and cholesterol
D) are the only way to obtain all of the essential amino acids in the diet

Question 61

What is the term for the process by which segments of fatty acids are converted to acetyl Co-A?

Question 62

What is the term for the mechanism that accounts for about 60 percent of the body's heat loss?

Question 63

What is the term for the amino acids that are needed by the body but cannot be synthesized in the human body?

Question 64

What is the term for the anaerobic catabolism of glucose?

Question 65

What is the term for the process by which noncarbohydrate nutrient sources are converted to glucose?

Question 66

What is the term for the principal reaction by which proteins are prepared for use as an energy source?

Question 67

What is the term for the lipid that generally is in the same food source as saturated fats?

Question 68

What is the term for the end product of glycolysis if oxygen is present?

Question 69

What is the term for the storage form of glucose in the human body?

Question 70

What is the term for the inorganic substances that are needed by the body in small amounts?

Question 71

What is the term for where the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur within the cell?

Question 72

What is the term for the molecule that stores energy in a form that is usable by the cell?

Question 73

What is the term for the reaction that breaks large molecules into smaller ones and releases energy?

Question 74

What is the term for the complex polysaccharides that cannot be digested in the human body?

Question 75

What is the term for the energy required to keep body functioning at a minimal level?