Deck 7: Middle Childhood: Body and Mind

Question 1

Unlike Jean Piaget,who thought children would discover most concepts themselves,Lev Vygotsky stressed _____ from teachers and mentors who provided the needed scaffold between potential and knowledge by engaging each child in his or her zone of proximal development.

Answer 1

direct instruction

Question 2

An approach to learning a new language in which instruction occurs exclusively in the new language is called "_____."

Answer 2

immersion

Question 3

_____ refers to the concept of "thinking about thinking."

Answer 3

Metacognition

Question 4

According to some psychologists,modern children are overprotected from bacteria and viruses,so they often are not exposed to minor infections and diseases that strengthen their immune systems.Experts call this idea the "_____."

Question 5

Nine-year-old Devonte writes,"My dad is as big as an ox." This statement demonstrates his understanding of a figure of speech called a "_____."

Question 6

Mark and Tommy are brothers.Mark is 5 and Tommy is 10.When playing baseball,Tommy is able to swing the bat faster and is quicker to move toward a ball that is hit into the yard.Tommy has a faster _____ time than Mark.

Question 7

During middle childhood,a body mass index (BMI)above the 85th percentile for one's age is the definition of _____.

Question 8

The cognitive theory that most closely approximates the operation of a computer is _____ theory.

Question 9

A body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master new information in that area is referred to as a "knowledge _____."

Question 10

Jean Piaget called middle childhood the time for _____ operational thought.

Question 11

The chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes breathing difficult is called "_____."

Question 12

Kirt is sorting through his mother's cup of change.As he makes piles of pennies,nickels,and dimes,he utilizes the cognitive skill called "_____."

Question 13

Mastery of language pragmatics allows children to change linguistic _____ depending on the audience.

Question 14

The analysis and flow of information within the information-processing system is regulated by _____ processes in the brain.

Question 15

_____ attention is the ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others.

Question 16

In middle childhood,children have "_____," which refers to the ability to get adults to do what they want,such as purchasing calorie-dense foods that are advertised on television.

Question 17

Genetics and environmental factors safeguard _____.

Question 18

Jack has a body mass index (BMI)above the 95th percentile for his age.Jack is considered _____.

Question 19

Knowing which words to use with teachers and informally with friends illustrates the practical side of language,also called "_____."

Question 20

Control processes include emotional regulation,selective attention,and _____.

Question 21

A federally sponsored test given in the United States to measure achievement in reading,math,and other subjects is called the _____.

Question 22

Based on results from the international test known as the _____,children in East Asian nations are the most advanced in math and science.

Question 23

A child's inability to master a particular skill that most people acquire easily may be an indication that the child has a(n)_____.

Question 24

The unspoken and often unrecognized lessons that children learn in school,which have unofficial,unstated,or implicit influences on the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in school,are called the "_____ curriculum."

Question 25

In _____ schooling,teachers instruct children in their native language as well as in English.

Question 26

_____ schools are licensed and funded by states or local districts.

Question 27

Howard Gardner proposed that there are _____ different types of intelligences.

Question 28

Public subsidy for tuition payment at a nonpublic school is referred to as a "_____."

Question 29

Over the past few decades,the rates of ADHD have _____ in the United States.

Question 30

_____ scores on international tests increased dramatically after a wholesale reform of their public education system.

Question 31

Within the framework of developmental psychopathology,_____ is when one cause can have many final manifestations.

Question 32

The most commonly prescribed drug for ADHD is _____.

Question 33

A test designed to see how well a child is reading at the third-grade level is called a(n)"_____ test."

Question 34

Two social factors have a major impact on language learning: SES and _____.

Question 35

Presently,between _____ percent of children in the United States are home-schooled.

Question 36

To say that disorders are _____ means that two or more different disorders are present in the same person.

Question 37

Mr.Hobgood is a school psychologist.He often uses _____ tests to determine students' mastery or proficiency in reading,mathematics,or writing.

Question 38

The four general principles of developmental psychopathology are: abnormality is normal;disability changes year by year;life may get better or worse;and _____.

Question 39

The kind of test designed to measure intellectual capability,or one's ability to learn in school,is called a(n)"_____ test."

Question 40

The disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or by hyperactive or impulsive behaviors is called "_____."

Question 41

A survey in the United States found that about ____ percent of children had seen a dentist for preventive care in the preceding 12 months.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100

Question 42

Physical activity within schools has _____ over the years.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) hindered academic achievement
D) remained stable

Question 43

_____ is the idea that people with special needs have diverse brain patterns,with each person having neurological strengths and weaknesses that should be appreciated,in much the same way diverse cultures and ethnicities are welcomed.

Question 44

The health habits that children develop during the middle childhood years are:

A) unrelated to their health in adolescence and adulthood.
B) related to their health in adolescence,but unrelated to their health in adulthood.
C) unrelated to their health in adolescence,but related to their health in adulthood.
D) related to their health in adolescence and adulthood.

Question 45

Erika,a first grader,has been struggling with reading and math since her kindergarten year.Currently,her achievement in these areas is below average.Erika is now provided with 45 minutes of intervention per week in each subject.This intervention involves practice and individualized teaching.This educational strategy is called "_____."

Question 46

Abby's BMI is in the 79th percentile,which is associated with being:

A) underweight
B) normal weight
C) overweight
D) obese

Question 47

The legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the best educational context in which they can be expected to learn is called the "_____ environment."

Question 48

Children between the ages of 6 and 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as:

A) infancy.
B) early childhood.
C) middle childhood.
D) adolescence.

Question 49

Ryan can find many solutions and even more questions for every problem that he encounters.Ryan would be considered a _____ thinker.

Question 50

The term given to learning disabilities in the area of math is _____.

Question 51

The most commonly diagnosed learning disability is _____,which involves unusual difficulty with reading.

Question 52

Children are considered overweight when they have BMIs above the _____ percentile.

A) 65th
B) 75th
C) 85th
D) 95th

Question 53

Most children with autism spectrum disorder show signs in _____.

Question 54

Physical activity can benefit children in all of the following ways EXCEPT by improving:

A) overall physical health.
B) academic achievement.
C) mental health.
D) oral health practices.

Question 55

A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs is called a(n)"_____."

Question 56

When comparing the growth of children from ages 6 to 11 to infants or adolescents,one notices that children:

A) grow slowly and steadily.
B) grow faster than they did in early childhood.
C) grow at the same rate from ages 2 to 12.
D) have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years.

Question 57

Which activity,when a daily part of a child's life,is MOST associated with health problems later in life,such as obesity?

A) playing outside for over an hour
B) eating three meals each day
C) having several hours of screen time a day
D) playing about 1 hour of video games

Question 58

Childhood obesity is usually defined as a BMI above the _____ percentile.

A) 65th
B) 75th
C) 85th
D) 95th

Question 59

A diagnosis that is characterized by impaired social response and delayed language is called "_____ disorder."

Question 60

At Devon's recent checkup,his doctor told him that he is obese.Devon's BMI is MOST likely in the _____ percentile.

A) 17th
B) 37th
C) 71st
D) 97th

Question 61

Between 1980 and 2000,the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has:

A) doubled.
B) tripled.
C) decreased.
D) stayed the same.

Question 62

A child is shown a large box and a small box.The large box contains a 5-pound weight and the small box contains a 10-pound weight.The child picks up the boxes and looks at them closely,and then is asked which weighs more.The child is no longer focused only on appearances,so he answers that the small box weighs more.Jean Piaget would say that this child is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) metacognitive
D) concrete operational

Question 63

With respect to asthma,the hygiene hypothesis is supported by data showing all of the following EXCEPT:

A) children born by cesarean delivery (very sterile)have more asthma.
B) farm children have less asthma and other allergies.
C) first-born children develop asthma more often than later-born children.
D) city children have less asthma and fewer allergies.

Question 64

The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to viruses and bacteria in order to strengthen them,but that children are overprotected from this exposure,is called the:

A) sterile environment theory.
B) hygiene hypothesis.
C) spore theory.
D) immunity hypothesis.

Question 65

How long it takes to respond to a stimulus is referred to as:

A) stimulus response.
B) waiting period.
C) reaction time.
D) unconditioned response.

Question 66

When capable of concrete operational thought,children:

A) are limited to intuitive,perceptual focusing.
B) can apply their reasoning to real,tangible situations.
C) can reason about abstractions.
D) are likely to be misled by appearances.

Question 67

During middle childhood,children themselves contribute to weight gain by getting adults to do what they want,such as buying them candy or junk food.The ability of children to get adults to do what they want has been referred to as "_____ power."

A) influence
B) demanding
C) child
D) pester

Question 68

Which of the following is MOST often seen in children who are obese?

A) low blood pressure
B) increased psychopathology
C) high levels of cholesterol
D) increased chance of becoming a bully

Question 69

Asthma is a disorder caused by _____ the airways.

A) inflammation of
B) enlargement of
C) destruction of
D) holes in

Question 70

A 3-year-old has a harder time catching a ball,whereas a 9-year-old has an easier time catching a ball.One contributing factor for why the 9-year-old has an easier time catching the ball in contrast to the 3-year-old is:

A) increased reaction time.
B) decreased reaction time.
C) increased stimulus response.
D) decreased stimulus response.

Question 71

Eight-year-old Alisha is able to listen to her teacher and concentrate on what she is saying even when her friends are talking around her.Alisha can do this because of an improvement in:

A) selective attention.
B) divided attention.
C) automatization.
D) reaction time.

Question 72

According to Jean Piaget,a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to:

A) abstractions,such as truth and liberty.
B) chemistry and physics.
C) concrete situations (real,tangible,visible).
D) questions of social justice and equality.

Question 73

Obesity has increased because it is common for:

A) young children to attend preschool.
B) young children to watch TV and drink soda.
C) babies to be breast-fed.
D) children to walk to school.

Question 74

Wayne was doing a class report on asthma and learned that several factors may contribute to its development,including all of the following EXCEPT:

A) alleles.
B) airtight windows.
C) sunlight.
D) carpets.

Question 75

Andrew is in the grocery store with his mom and he sees the candy-like cereal he saw advertised on television.He asks his mom to purchase it and she says no.He continues to beg,bargain,and pout until she concedes.Andrew demonstrated _____ power.

A) influence
B) demanding
C) child
D) pester

Question 76

According to Jean Piaget,children gain the ability to use _____ during middle childhood.

A) static reasoning
B) abstract reasoning
C) logic
D) egocentrism

Question 77

According to Jean Piaget,middle childhood is a time for _____ thought.

A) formal operational
B) preoperational
C) metacognitive
D) concrete operational

Question 78

Amanda brought her 10-year-old son to see the doctor because he was having problems breathing.The doctor informed Amanda that her son had inflammation of the airways.Amanda's son was diagnosed with:

A) asthma.
B) obesity.
C) sleep apnea.
D) diabetes.

Question 79

The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is referred to as:

A) selective attention.
B) divided attention.
C) automatization.
D) reaction time.

Question 80

Which child is more likely to develop asthma?

A) a child who lives in a city
B) a child who lives on a farm
C) a child who experienced a vaginal delivery
D) a child who is second-born in the family