Deck 8: Middle Childhood: The Social World

Question 1

Parents tend to grant more _____ to their children during middle childhood.

Answer 1

autonomy;freedom;independence

Question 2

One indication of psychosocial _____ between the ages of 6 and 11 is the ability to do more self-care (keeping oneself and one's room clean,cooking one's own food,etc. ).

Answer 2

maturation;growth;development

Question 3

_____ occurs when children try to take care of everyone,including their parents.

Answer 3

Parentification

Question 4

A critical characteristic of resilience is a child's _____ adaptation to stress.

Question 5

Children in the same family do not share identical classes in school and friends;therefore,these are _____ aspects of their environments.

Question 6

Self-concept is likely to be _____ during middle childhood.

Question 7

Family _____ refers to the legal and genetic connections among people living in the same household.

Question 8

Social _____ is both a cause and a consequence of feeling inferior.

Question 9

Jane and her brother George were reared together.Their home environment would be considered a(n)_____ environment.

Question 10

Unrealistically high self-esteem seems to reduce _____ control,which refers to one's ability to deliberately modify impulses and emotions.

Question 11

_____ is related to children noticing material possessions during middle childhood.

Question 12

Family _____ refers to how a family cares for its members.

Question 13

Three of the five essential functions of the _____ for school-age children include providing physical necessities,helping the child to develop self-respect,and nurturing peer relationships.

Question 14

Children who overcome severe problems in childhood may be referred to as "_____."

Question 15

_____ makes extended families more likely.

Question 16

Critical during middle childhood is _____,comparing oneself to others.

Question 17

Part of the definition of resilience is that the adversity must be _____.

Question 18

The primary advantage of the stepparent structure is _____.

Question 19

_____ children view failure as a learning opportunity.

Question 20

According to Erik Erikson,the developmental crisis children face in middle childhood is that of _____.

Question 21

Children who are disliked by peers due to their timid,anxious demeanor are _____-rejected.

Question 22

_____ bullying seeks to destroy peer acceptance.

Question 23

Rates of single parenthood are far higher among _____ than any other ethnic group.

Question 24

Friendships become more intense and _____ over the years of middle childhood.

Question 25

Children who are disliked by peers due to their antagonistic,confrontational behavior are _____-rejected.

Question 26

According to the _____ model,the crucial question about any risk factor is whether it increases the stress on the parents,who then become less patient and responsive to their children.

Question 27

_____ involves returning what was taken or fixing what was broken.

Question 28

Thomas,a divorced father of two,and Caroline,a widowed mother of three,got married and created a(n)_____ family of seven,also known as a "blended family."

Question 29

Three issues that drive moral development in middle childhood are child culture,_____,and empathy.

Question 30

Natalie,a 9-year-old girl,spends many summer afternoons playing with her 6-year-old cousin,teaching her the rules of games,childhood rituals,and values.Natalie is passing down _____ culture to her cousin.

Question 31

_____ is the theorist who most clearly described a basic framework for moral development.

Question 32

Children who are aggressive-rejected often become bully-victims,also known as "_____ victims."

Question 33

Two factors that can impair family function in every structure,ethnic group,and nation are high conflict and _____.

Question 34

Sam threatened to punch Liam every time he didn't hand over his new PlayStation game.Liam was a victim of _____ bullying.

Question 35

Child culture promotes _____ from adults.

Question 36

Brandon lives in a home with his parents,two uncles,a younger brother,and his maternal grandmother.This structure is called a(n)"_____ family."

Question 37

The type of aggression that uses electronic means to harm another is _____ and becomes more common after primary school.

Question 38

_____ involves punishing the transgressor (such as grounding him or her or sending the child to bed without dinner,etc. ).

Question 39

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's concept of "preconventional moral reasoning," avoiding _____ is the primary motivation.

Question 40

At every age,children who are outgoing,friendly,and _____ are well liked.

Question 41

Belinda is in the third grade.She spends many hours rehearsing her math skills,reading books,and collecting bugs.According to Erik Erikson,Belinda is developing a healthy sense of _____ through these tasks.

A) industry
B) self-control
C) autonomy
D) egocentrism

Question 42

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development is called:

A) autonomy versus shame and doubt.
B) industry versus inferiority.
C) trust versus mistrust.
D) integrity versus incompetence.

Question 43

Because they value _____,children may gravitate toward friends who defy authority.

Question 44

Nine-year-old Tonya announces to her mother,"I am smart,nice,and friendly,and I am so good at painting that one day I am going to sell lots of pictures." Tonya is demonstrating:

A) industry.
B) egocentrism.
C) latency.
D) self-concept.

Question 45

According to Erik Erikson's theory,children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as either:

A) suppressed or superior.
B) industrious or inferior.
C) competent or awkward.
D) intelligent or stupid.

Question 46

The quality of resilience is dynamic,which means that it:

A) is always present in the same way.
B) may change over time.
C) can be either a positive or negative adaptation.
D) reflects successful coping with minor adversities.

Question 47

Ashley and Jessica,sisters born two years apart,grew up in an impoverished,violent neighborhood.As adults,Ashley is chronically jobless and is addicted to drugs while Jessica is a professor of economics at a community college.What might explain their different life outcomes?

A) differential susceptibility
B) shared environmental influences
C) cohort differences
D) parental influence

Question 48

Which scenario is typical of the industry versus inferiority stage?

A) Sammy is having difficulty in learning math,but she continues to practice.
B) Trevor says,"My parents never let me do anything!"
C) Clayton says that his girlfriend,Claire,doesn't understand him.
D) Eric decides to stop taking piano lessons.

Question 49

_____ is both a cause and consequence of feeling inferior.

A) Self-concept
B) Effortful control
C) Social rejection
D) Social comparison

Question 50

The child who weathers severe family problems,even abuse,and yet emerges from those experiences unscathed is said to be:

A) buoyant.
B) resilient.
C) parasympathetic.
D) reliable.

Question 51

Assessing one's abilities,achievements,social status,and other attributes by measuring them against one's peers,is called:

A) peer evaluation.
B) cultural normalization.
C) social comparison.
D) parental assessment.

Question 52

According to Erikson,if 9-year-old Carla is successful in solving her psychosocial conflict,she should be developing a(n)_____ view of herself.

A) emotionally mature
B) industrious
C) inept
D) latent

Question 53

More than people of any other age,children between the ages of 6 and 11 are:

A) in need of punishment.
B) trying to stand out from their peers.
C) using electronic media with adult supervision.
D) industrious,practicing the skills valued by their culture.

Question 54

In childhood,how children react to a serious stressor depends primarily on:

A) what the stressor is.
B) accumulated stressors.
C) whether the stressor is economic.
D) whether the stressor affects other siblings too.

Question 55

Which of the following is crucial during middle childhood?

A) abstract thinking
B) social comparison
C) fitness
D) the development of conservation

Question 56

In _____,the dominant idea about resilience was that communities are responsible for child resilience.

A) 2000
B) 2008
C) 2010
D) 2015

Question 57

In 1980,the dominant idea about resilience was that:

A) differential susceptibility means identical stressors can benefit one child and harm another.
B) all children have the same needs for healthy development.
C) nothing inevitably causes harm.
D) strengths vary by cultural and national values.

Question 58

Children's ideas about their intelligence,personality,abilities,gender,and ethnic background form their:

A) industry.
B) egocentrism.
C) latency.
D) self-concept.

Question 59

Diversity in schools and neighborhoods is directly related to the development of _____.

Question 60

Research indicates that a child who demonstrates positive adaptation in the face of stressors such as poverty and neglect is showing resilience and:

A) will always show resilience no matter how the child's life changes.
B) will only show resilience if the child's current experiences remain the same.
C) will only show resilience if the child's current experiences get worse.
D) may or may not show resilience in the future.

Question 61

Research has suggested that which of the following is MOST effective for developing self-confidence among children?

A) developing a sense of pride
B) teaching children conflict resolution skills
C) encouraging academic excellence
D) preparing children for prejudice

Question 62

Which of the following combinations is MOST likely to engage in dialogue,discussion,and shared activities together?

A) father and son
B) father and daughter
C) mother and son
D) mother and daughter

Question 63

Which statement is FALSE regarding self-conscious emotions?

A) They develop during middle childhood.
B) They guide social interactions.
C) They are associated with reduced self-esteem.
D) They can lead to psychopathology.

Question 64

Which is NOT a self-conscious emotion?

A) pride
B) anger
C) guilt
D) shame

Question 65

Which element is important for self-esteem during middle childhood?

A) academic achievement
B) peer status
C) family income
D) teacher admiration

Question 66

The fact that some children in middle childhood care for younger children,others do housework,some use power tools,and others are supervised for everything represents:

A) consistency in development.
B) the absence of cultural standards for child rearing.
C) variations in developmental processes.
D) cohort and context changes.

Question 67

Deliberately modifying one's impulses and emotions is referred to as:

A) inferiority.
B) social comparison.
C) effortful control.
D) peer regulation.

Question 68

Jim is close with his father.Which of the following are they NOT likely to engage in together?

A) dialogue
B) physical care
C) discussion
D) shared activities

Question 69

Research has suggested that _____ is/are a strong buffer during times of severe stress or trauma.

A) peers
B) family
C) friends
D) neighborhoods

Question 70

Parents increase in all of the following activities during middle childhood EXCEPT:

A) engage in dialogue with their children.
B) engage in discussions with their children.
C) engage in joint attention with their children.
D) engage in shared activities with their children.

Question 71

Amanda is proud that she is a girl.According to your text,she is likely to

A) desire to be a boy.
B) want to have friends that are both boys and girls.
C) develop an unrealistic self-concept.
D) develop healthy self-esteem.

Question 72

When children act as adults and try to take care of everyone,it is called:

A) resilience.
B) parentification.
C) emerging adulthood.
D) an extended family.

Question 73

Sam wants to wear only name-brand clothes to school and is concerned with having the latest smartphone.This is related to the development of _____ during middle childhood.

A) industry
B) concrete thinking
C) preoperational thinking
D) inferiority

Question 74

Abraham has unrealistically high self-esteem.Which is NOT likely a result of this?

A) lower academic achievement
B) increased aggression
C) reduced effortful control
D) reduced sense of pride

Question 75

Which factor is related to children noticing material possessions during middle childhood?

A) concrete thinking
B) industry
C) preoperational thinking
D) inferiority

Question 76

Brenda's family is experiencing multiple problems,including her mother's illness,her father's loss of employment,and two relatives moving into their home.Despite the stress of home life,Brenda does attend weekly church and feels welcomed by the congregation.Overall,Brenda seems to be doing fairly well despite her home life.Brenda may be:

A) indifferent to her family's problems.
B) relying on egocentric tendencies.
C) using religion as a source of support.
D) hoping to go to college after high school.

Question 77

Which of the following activities decreases during middle childhood?

A) time with parents
B) time alone
C) time with friends
D) time at school

Question 78

One important factor with respect to children coping with adversity is a child's:

A) interpretation of the events.
B) SES.
C) level of resiliency.
D) cooperation with others.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT true regarding self-concept during middle childhood?

A) Self-concept becomes more specific.
B) Self-concept becomes more logical.
C) Changes in self-concept are related to cognitive development and social awareness.
D) Changes in self-concept are related to cohort and context changes.

Question 80

Which change is NOT a negative consequence of experiencing homelessness during middle childhood?

A) changes in cortisol levels
B) changes in blood pressure
C) increased self-esteem
D) weight gain