Deck 6: Early Childhood: The Social World

Question 1

Emotional regulation and _____ maturation develop together,each enabling the other to advance.

Answer 1

cognitive

Question 2

In a study of 3-year-olds,those who were strong in ______ motivation were,two years later,advanced in early math and literacy.

Answer 2

intrinsic

Question 3

Children tend to prefer to play with playmates of the same _____ and social status.

Answer 3

age

Question 4

The goal of social play is ______.

Question 5

Maria noticed that a new girl in her preschool class was standing alone watching the other children.When Maria asked the girl if she would like to play with her,she exhibited _____ behavior.

Question 6

An emotion that develops when children feel intense dislike or hatred toward others is called "_____."

Question 7

One type of play identified by Mildred Parten in which children play together and take turns is called "_____ play."

Question 8

Wanda,age 4,is very shy.In her preschool classroom,Wanda rarely plays with peers.Instead,she tends to watch other children play.According to Mildred Parten,Wanda is engaging in ______ play.

Question 9

Jeff,age 4,loves to build and create with random objects,such as string,glue,sticks,shoe boxes,and paper towel rolls.He will play for hours on the weekend,creating and sharing with family members.Jeff is demonstrating _____ motivation.

Question 10

Erikson's third developmental stage is "_____ versus guilt."

Question 11

Many children between the ages of 2 and 7 have _____ that are developed out of intrinsic motivation.

Question 12

A form of play in which children act out roles and plots is called "_____ play."

Question 13

When a child has formed an understanding of self,including gender,size,and personality,that child has developed a _____.

Question 14

Going to college to please your parents,not to follow your goals,is an example of "_____ motivation."

Question 15

Two-year-old Abigail sees her sister playing with a toy phone.Abigail approaches,hits her sister,and takes the phone.Abigail is displaying _____ aggression.

Question 16

Five-year-old Trent accidentally breaks his superhero figure and begins to cry.Upon seeing this,5-year-old Allison approaches Trent,offers him her doll,and pats him on the back.Allison is displaying _____.

Question 17

Emotional regulation is also called "______."

Question 18

"_____ play" fosters social skills.

Question 19

The type of play characterized by children playing in similar ways but not together is called "_____ play."

Question 20

Behavior that is _____ is intended to harm someone else.

Question 21

A discipline method in which a caregiver talks extensively with the offending child to get the child to understand why his or her behavior was wrong is called "_____."

Question 22

Steven accidentally knocked over Casey's block tower,so Casey hit him.Casey was displaying _____ aggression.

Question 23

Girls prefer to play with dolls and boys prefer to play with soldiers;these are _____ differences.

Question 24

While experiencing Freud's _____ complex,a boy develops sexual feelings toward his mother.

Question 25

Freud called the period from the ages of 3 to 6 years the "_____ stage."

Question 26

While experiencing Freud's _____ complex,a girl experiences an unconscious desire to replace her mother and win her father's romantic love.

Question 27

According to behaviorists,virtually all roles,including gender roles,are _____.

Question 28

A little boy who prefers to dress as a soldier rather than Cinderella because he has never seen a boy dress as Cinderella has developed a _____ schema.

Question 29

______ aggression is done to dominate.

Question 30

A method of discipline that evokes a child's shame,guilt,and gratitude is called "_____ control."

Question 31

According to Freudian theory,children resolve the Oedipus and Electra complexes by developing a _____.

Question 32

According to psychoanalytic theory,the part of the personality that internalizes the moral standards of an individual's parents is the _____.

Question 33

Cross-cultural research shows that harsh or _____ parenting is always harmful.

Question 34

_____ is a discipline technique that requires a child to stop all activity and sit quietly by himself or herself for a specific length of time.

Question 35

Boys tend to have more muscle mass than girls;this is a(n)_____ difference.

Question 36

_____ identified the four dimensions of parenting as strategies for discipline,warmth,communication,and expectations for maturity.

Question 37

Punishment that physically hurts the body,such as slapping and spanking,is called "______."

Question 38

One problem with spanking is that angry spankers may become _____.

Question 39

______ aggression refers to nonphysical acts,such as insults or social rejection,aimed at harming the social connections between the victim and other people.

Question 40

Children who develop into successful,happy adults who are generous with others are most often reared by _____ parents.

Question 41

Child ____ occurs when a parent fails to fulfill a child's basic needs.

Question 42

Emotional regulation is also referred to as:

A) intentional behavior.
B) motivation.
C) effortful control.
D) demanding control.

Question 43

_____ prevention tries to make harm less likely.

Question 44

_____ was first identified in combat veterans.Today,we know that maltreated children can also experience symptoms of this disorder.

Question 45

The number of _____ maltreatment cases is far greater than the number of substantiated maltreatment cases.

Question 46

Mr.James is a social worker.He knows that often the first sign of child maltreatment is delayed ____.

Question 47

In the United States,the leading cause of childhood death is _____.

Question 48

With _____ prevention,one tries to prevent harm in a high-risk situation.

Question 49

In dealing with childhood accidents,public health workers prefer to use the term _____ rather than accident prevention.

Question 50

Just as with injury control,the ultimate goal with regard to child maltreatment is ____.

Question 51

With _____ prevention,which begins after the harm has occurred,a person acts to limit further damage.

Question 52

When researchers follow maltreated children over the years,deficits in social skills and ____ seem more crippling than physical or intellectual damage.

Question 53

_____ is the most common and most frequently fatal form of child maltreatment.

Question 54

The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 and 6 is learning when and how to:

A) make friends.
B) know right from wrong.
C) regulate emotions.
D) make choices.

Question 55

According to _____,gender distinctions result from reinforcement,punishment,and social learning.

Question 56

Salia was physically and sexually abused by her father for several years.Salia was removed from the home by child-welfare workers and placed with the Miller family.Salia has lived with the Millers for almost a year and they plan to adopt her,providing long-term stability and support.This effort is called "_______."

Question 57

Child _____ occurs when a parent takes deliberate action to cause harm to his or her child.

Question 58

_____ care is a form of foster care in which a relative of a maltreated child becomes the caregiver.

Question 59

Erikson called the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age:

A) initiative versus guilt.
B) industry versus inferiority.
C) the preoperational stage.
D) autonomy versus inferiority.

Question 60

An angry 5-year-old girl might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed:

A) social referencing.
B) self-esteem.
C) identification.
D) emotional regulation.

Question 61

A child having an imaginary friend is an example of:

A) self-control.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) protective optimism.

Question 62

Many developmentalists believe that _____ is the most productive as well as the most enjoyable activity that children undertake.

A) preschool
B) drawing
C) play
D) watching digital media

Question 63

According to Erikson,children have _____,and thus believe that they can achieve any goal.

A) a sense of self-doubt
B) a weak self-concept
C) strong feelings of guilt
D) an unrealistic self-concept

Question 64

Which of these statements does NOT contribute to emotional regulation?

A) Maturation matters.
B) Learning matters.
C) Culture matters.
D) Timing of birth matters.

Question 65

Play can be divided into two kinds: ____ play,when a child is alone,and ____ play,which occurs with playmates.

A) onlooker;parallel
B) parallel;cooperative
C) parallel;prosocial
D) pretend;social

Question 66

At preschool,4-year-old Mark rarely joins his peers at play.Instead,he tends to carefully observe his classmates as they transition from one play center to the next.According to Mildred Parten,Mark is engaged in _____ play.

A) solitary
B) onlooker
C) parallel
D) associative

Question 67

Mr.and Mrs.Scott want to instill a sense of intrinsic motivation in their 5-year-old daughter Yin.Yin brings home a drawing of her school and classroom.How should the Scotts respond?

A) "Wow! You are the best artist at school!"
B) "You really should have worked harder on this."
C) "Why didn't you color your picture?"
D) "You really worked hard on this drawing!"

Question 68

Mildred Parten described play as:

A) extrinsic.
B) intrinsic.
C) immature.
D) neurotypical.

Question 69

____ is regulated in almost every culture.

A) Anger
B) Guilt
C) Fear
D) Pride

Question 70

One of the benefits of children having imaginary friends is that:

A) there is less pressure to develop friendships with real peers.
B) the child will always be happy because he has someone to talk to at all times.
C) the child has an intrinsic motivation to converse with imaginary friends.
D) parents can use the imaginary friend to convince their child to obey.

Question 71

Children with a parent who does not have an optimal balance between emotional expression and emotional control may be likely to:

A) struggle with emotional regulation.
B) develop a sense of shame.
C) experience high levels of pride.
D) demonstrate characteristics of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 72

John is at a toy store and sees a construction set.He asks his dad if he can have it for his birthday.His dad asks him if he thinks he would be able to use it.John reminds his dad that he is good at building with blocks.What does this example demonstrate?

A) John's dad is undermining his initiative.
B) John needs to prove himself worthy to his father.
C) John has a positive self-concept.
D) John has a sense of shame and doubt.

Question 73

When parents frequently remind their children of their positive accomplishments,it is common for children to develop:

A) protective optimism.
B) trust.
C) integrity.
D) emotional regulation.

Question 74

According to Erikson's theory,which factor(s)help(s)young children demonstrate initiative?

A) neurological maturity and a longer attention span
B) a child's sense of guilt and shame
C) a decrease in the child's emotional regulation
D) apprenticeship opportunities offered by a child's parents

Question 75

Tim,age 5,describes himself as a good soccer player with black hair who laughs a lot.Tim's description demonstrates his developing:

A) emotional regulation.
B) self-concept.
C) self-deprecation.
D) self-criticism.

Question 76

Skye frequently plays the piano whenever her family has guests because she enjoys the praise and attention that she receives.When alone,however,Skye rarely plays the piano.Skye's motivation:

A) is exclusively intrinsic.
B) brings her great pleasure.
C) is mostly extrinsic.
D) will persist through adulthood.

Question 77

Stephanie spends hours at a time playing with her doll,Emma.She gives Emma a bath,dresses her,feeds her,and pretends to change her diaper.Stephanie is _____ to play with Emma.

A) extensively motivated
B) extrinsically motivated
C) intrinsically motivated
D) intensively driven

Question 78

The desire to pursue a goal that comes from within a person is called:

A) emotional regulation.
B) extrinsic motivation.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) effortful control.

Question 79

Two-year-old Avia repeatedly exclaims "Me do it!" when her mother tries to help her.Although this behavior is frustrating,her mother understands that doing things independently will develop Avia's sense of:

A) initiative.
B) trust.
C) integrity.
D) emotional regulation.

Question 80

_____ makes children believe that they will be good at anything they try to do.

A) Overwhelming pride
B) Protective optimism
C) Extrinsic motivation
D) Intrinsic motivation