Deck 17: Nonparametric Statistics

Question 1

Nonparametric statistics are sometimes called distribution-dependent statistics.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Nonparametric statistical techniques are based on fewer assumptions about the population and the parameters compared to parametric statistical techniques.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The HYPERLINK "http://www.statisticssolutions.com/mann-whitney-u-test" Mann-Whitney U test requires that the two samples under consideration have the same number of observations.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Mann-Whitney U test is implemented differently for small samples than for large samples.

Question 5

Statistical techniques based on assumptions about the population from which the sample data are selected are called parametric statistics.

Question 6

A disadvantage of nonparametric statistics is that the probability statements obtained from most nonparametric tests are not exact probabilities.

Question 7

No assumptions on the distribution of the difference are needed for the use of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank.

Question 8

An advantage of nonparametric statistics is that the computations on nonparametric statistics are usually less complicated than those for parametric statistics, particularly for small samples.

Question 9

The HYPERLINK "http://www.statisticssolutions.com/mann-whitney-u-test" Mann-Whitney U test is used to test whether three or more independent HYPERLINK "http://www.experiment-resources.com/sample-group.html" samples of observations are drawn from the same or identical distributions.

Question 10

The methods of parametric statistics can be applied to nominal or ordinal data.

Question 11

To compare the means of two populations which cannot be assumed to be normally distributed and only ordinal-level data is available from two independent samples, The Mann-Whitney U test should be used instead of the t-test for independent samples..

Question 12

The nonparametric alternative to linear regression is the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Question 13

In the one-sample runs test for randomness of the observations in a large sample the sampling distribution of R, the number of runs, is approximately binomial.

Question 14

The appropriate test for comparing the means of two populations using ordinal-level data from two related samples is the Wilcoxon test and not the Mann-Whitney U test.

Question 15

The sampling distribution of R, the number of runs, in the one-sample runs test for randomness of the observations in a large sample is approximately normal, if H₀ is true.

Question 16

The one-sample runs test is a nonparametric test of randomness in the sample data.

Question 17

The Mann-Whitney U test is a generalization of the two-sample t-test.

Question 18

The appropriate test for comparing the means of two populations using ordinal-level data from two independent samples is the Mann-Whitney U test.

Question 19

The appropriate test for comparing the medians of two populations using ordinal-level data from two related samples is the Wilcoxon test.

Question 20

The nonparametric counterpart of the t test to compare the means of two independent populations is the Mann-Whitney U test.

Question 21

Statistical techniques based on assumptions about the population from which the sample data are selected are called _______.

A)population statistics
B)parametric statistics
C)nonparametric statistics
D)chi-square statistics
E)correlation statistics

Question 22

Prior to computing a Friedman test, the data are ranked within each block from smallest to largest.

Question 23

The nonparametric counterpart of the t test to compare the means of two independent populations is the _______.

A)chi-square goodness of fit test
B)chi-square test of independence
C)Mann-Whitney U test
D)Wilcoxon test
E)Friedman test

Question 24

The alternative hypothesis for the Friedman test is that at least one treatment is different from at least one other treatment.

Question 25

Charles Clayton monitors the daily performance of his investment portfolio by recording a "+" or a "-" sign to indicate whether the portfolio's value increased or decreased from the previous day.His record for the last eighteen business days is "- + + - - - + - - + + + - + + + + -".The number of runs in this sample is _________.

A)uncertain
B)four
C)five
D)nine
E)one

Question 26

Statistical techniques based on fewer assumptions about the population and the parameters are called _______.

A)population statistics
B)parametric statistics
C)nonparametric statistics
D)chi-square statistics
E)correlation statistics

Question 27

A production run of 500 items resulted in 29 defectives items.A defective item is coded as 1 and a good item as 0.The following is an output from Minitab.
Runs Test: Defects

Runs test for Defects

Runs above and below $\mathrm { K } = 0.058$

The observed number of runs $= 57$
The expected number of runs $= 55.636$
29 observations above K, 471 below
P-value $= 0.574$
The null hypothesis for a one-sample runs test is __________________.

A)successive items did not constitute a random sample.
B)successive items constituted a random sample
C)the proportion of defective items is 0.05
D)the proportion of defective items is 0.058
E)the distribution is binomial

Question 28

Which of the following tests should be used to compare the means of two populations if the samples are independent?

A)Mann-Whitney test
B)Wilcoxon test
C)Runs test
D)Spearman's test
E)Kruskal-Wallis test

Question 29

The degree of association of two variables cannot be estimated when only ordinal-level data are available.

Question 30

The Kruskal-Wallis test is an extension of the Mann-Whitney U test to 3 or more groups.

Question 31

A production run of 500 items resulted in 29 defectives items.A defective item is coded as 1 and a good item as 0.The following is an output from Minitab.
Runs Test: Defects

Runs test for Defects

Runs above and below $\mathrm { K } = 0.058$

The observed number of runs $= 57$
The expected number of runs $= 55.636$
29 observations above K, 471 below
$\mathrm { P } -$ value $= 0.574$
Using $\alpha$ =0.1, the conclusion is __________________.

A)successive items did not constitute a random sample.
B)reject the hypothesis that successive items constituted a random sample
C)do not reject the hypothesis that successive items constituted a random sample
D)reject the hypothesis that successive items constituted a random sample.
E)the distribution is binomial

Question 32

The methods of parametric statistics require ________________.

A)interval or ratio data
B)nominal or ordinal data
C)large samples
D)small samples
E)qualitative data

Question 33

The one-sample runs test is a ______________________.

A)nonparametric test for statistical independence
B)parametric test for statistical independence
C)nonparametric test of randomness
D)nonparametric test for correlation
E)parametric test of sequences

Question 34

The null hypothesis for a one-sample runs test is __________________.

A)"the observations in the sample are randomly generated"
B)"the observations in the sample are not correlated"
C)"the observations in the sample are statistically independent"
D)"the observations in the sample are cross-linked"
E)"the observations are systematically generated"

Question 35

The alternate hypothesis for a one-sample runs test is __________________.

A)"the observations in the sample are not cross-linked"
B)"the observations in the sample are correlated"
C)"the observations in the sample are not statistically independent"
D)"the observations in the sample are not randomly generated"
E)"the observations are not systematically generated"

Question 36

When only ordinal-level data are available, Spearman's rank correlation rather than the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient must be used to analyze the association between two variables.

Question 37

The nonparametric alternative to analysis of variance for a randomized block design is the Friedman test.

Question 38

Charles Clayton monitors the daily performance of his investment portfolio by recording a "+" or a "-" sign to indicate whether the portfolio's value increased or decreased from the previous day.His record for the last eighteen business days is "- + + - - - + - - + + + + + + + + -".The number of runs in this sample is _________.

A)seven
B)six
C)four
D)three
E)one

Question 39

Nonparametric statistics are sometimes called _______________.

A)nominal statistics
B)interval statistics
C)distribution-dependent statistics
D)distribution-free statistics
E)qualitative statistics

Question 40

Spearman rank correlation values, r_s, range between +1 and 0.

Question 41

In a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test with 20 matched-pairs of observations, the observed value of the T statistic based on sample data is 76.33.The corresponding observed z-value is ___________.

A)−1.79
B)−2.07
C)−1.70
D)−1.59
E)−1.07

Question 42

A Kruskal-Wallis test is to be performed.There will be four categories, and alpha is chosen to be 0.10.The critical chi-square value is _______.

A)6.251
B)2.706
C)7.779
D)4.605
E)3.234

Question 43

Suppose a research uses the Mann-Whitney test to determine if there is a difference in the volume of text messages sent by a high school student living in a rural area versus an urban area during the month of December.Eight rural high school students and 9 urban high school students were included in the study.If, among all 17, the U statistic is 29, n₁=8 and n₂ = 9, the conclusion at α=0.05 would be __________

A)reject the hypothesis that the number of text messages sent in December is identical
B)do not reject the hypothesis that the number of text messages sent in December is identical.
C)reject the hypothesis that the average number of text messages is identical.
D)do not reject the hypothesis that the average number of text messages is identical.
E)accept the hypothesis that the number of text messages sent in December identical.

Question 44

A Mann-Whitney U test was performed to determine if there were differences in the cost of tuition at a Texas state university versus an Oklahoma state university.The total cost, including room, board, and books for 24 freshmen attending a Texas university were computed and compared to the total cost for 20 Oklahoma state university students.The U statistic was calculated to be 38.78 based on the sample sizes of 24 and 20.What is the z value for this test?

A)0.133
B)-4.74
C)240
D)42.43
E)8.75

Question 45

Suppose a research uses the Mann-Whitney test to determine if there is a difference in the volume of text messages sent by a high school student living in a rural area versus an urban area during the month of December.Eight rural high school students and 9 urban high school students were included in the study.If, among all 17, the sum of the ranks W₁ produced from the rural high school students is 72, the U₁ statistic is __________

A)29
B)45
C)90
D)36
E)43

Question 46

The nonparametric counterpart of the t test to compare the means of two related samples is the _______.

A)chi-square goodness of fit test
B)chi-square test of independence
C)Mann-Whitney U test
D)Wilcoxon test
E)Friedman test

Question 47

A Mann-Whitney U test was performed to determine if there were differences in the average compute time for Dallas residents versus Atlanta residents.The travel time for 22 commuters in Dallas was compared to the travel time for 28 commuters in Atlanta.The U statistic was calculated to be 58.0 based on the sample sizes of 22 and 28.What is the z value for this test?

A)51.17
B)308
C)0.117
D)-4.89
E)-2.44

Question 48

Many "Before and after" types of experiments should be analyzed using _______.

A)chi-square goodness of fit test
B)Kruskal-Wallis test
C)Mann-Whitney U test
D)Wilcoxon test
E)Friedman test

Question 49

A Kruskal-Wallis test is to be performed.There will be five categories, and alpha is chosen to be 0.01.The critical chi-square value is _______.

A)15.086
B)13.277
C)7.779
D)9.236
E)8.987

Question 50

The Kruskal-Wallis test is to be used to determine whether there is a significant difference in the satisfaction rating (alpha = 0.05)between three brands of boxed cake mix.Shoppers were asked to rate their satisfaction on various attributes and an aggregate satisfaction score ranging from 1-50 was computed.The following data were obtained: $$\begin{array} { c c c c c c } \text { Cake Mix A } & 19 & 21 & 25 & 22 & 33 \\\text { Cake Mix B } & 30 & 24 & 28 & 31 & 35 \\\text { Cake Mix C } & 39 & 32 & 41 & 42 & 27\end{array}$$ For this situation, the critical (table)chi-square value is _______.

A)15.507
B)7.815
C)9.488
D)5.991
E)3.991

Question 51

The Wilcoxon test was used on 16 pairs of data.The total of the ranks (T)were computed to be 76 (for + ranks)and 60 (for - ranks).The z value for this test is _____.

A)-0.41
B)-0.02
C)0.02
D)16
E)-0.041.

Question 52

The Wilcoxon test was used on 18 pairs of data.The total of the ranks (T)were computed to be 111 (for + ranks)and 60 (for - ranks).The z value for this test is ____.

A)-1.11
B)-0.05
C)-0.07
D)0.033
E)2.22

Question 53

Which of the following tests might be used to compare the means of two populations if the samples are related?

A)Mann-Whitney test
B)Wilcoxon test
C)Runs test
D)Spearman's test
E)Kruskal-Wallis test

Question 54

In the Wilcoxon test of the differences between two populations, the value z statistic was calculated to be 1.80.If the level of significance is 0.10, which of the following decisions is appropriate?

A)Reject the null hypothesis
B)Do not reject the null hypothesis
C)Indeterminate without the sample size
D)Indeterminate without all of the data
E)Inconclusive

Question 55

In the Wilcoxon test of the differences between two populations, the value z statistic was calculated to be 1.80.If the level of significance is 0.05, which of the following decisions is appropriate?

A)Reject the null hypothesis
B)Do not reject the null hypothesis
C)Indeterminate without the sample size
D)Indeterminate without all of the data
E)Inconclusive

Question 56

Suppose a research uses the Mann-Whitney U test to determine if there is a difference in the volume of text messages sent by a high school student living in a rural area versus an urban area during the month of December.Eight rural high school students and 9 urban high school students were included in the study.If, among all 17, the sum of the ranks W₂ produced from the urban high school is 88, the U₂ test statistic is _____________

A)29
B)45
C)90
D)43
E)20

Question 57

The Kruskal-Wallis test is to be used to determine whether there is a significant difference in the satisfaction rating (alpha = 0.05)between three brands of boxed cake mix.Shoppers were asked to rate their satisfaction on various attributes and an aggregate satisfaction score ranging from 1-50 was computed.The following data were obtained: $$\begin{array} { c c c c c c } \text { Cake Mix A } & 19 & 21 & 25 & 22 & 33 \\\text { Cake Mix B } & 30 & 24 & 28 & 31 & 35 \\\text { Cake Mix C } & 39 & 32 & 41 & 42 & 27\end{array}$$ For this test, how many degrees of freedom should be used?

A)3
B)2
C)4
D)8
E)1

Question 58

The null hypothesis in the Kruskal-Wallis test is _______.

A)all populations are identical
B)all sample means are different
C)x and y are not correlated
D)the mean difference is zero
E)all populations are not identical

Question 59

Which of the following tests should be used to compare the means of three populations if the sample data is ordinal?

A)one-way analysis of variance
B)Kruskal-Wallis test
C)Wilcoxon test
D)Mann-Whitney test
E)Friedman test

Question 60

The nonparametric alternative to the one-way analysis of variance is the _______.

A)chi-square goodness of fit test
B)Kruskal-Wallis test
C)Mann-Whitney U test
D)Wilcoxon test
E)Friedman test

Question 61

Performance records for 18 salespersons are selected to investigate whether compensation methods are a significant motivational factor. $\begin{array}{lc}\\ \text { Compensation Method } \quad\quad\text { Sales }\\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Straight Salary } & 18 & 12 & 22 & 28 & 28 & & \\\hline \text { Straight Commission } & 27 & 34 & 34 & 27 & 20 & 16 & 24 \\\hline \text { Salary plus Commission } & 11 & 17 & 27 & 14 & 30 & 22 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

A Kruskal-Wallis test is to be performed with $\alpha$ = 0.01.The critical chi-square value is _______.

A)15.086
B)13.277
C)7.779
D)9.210
E)8.657

Question 62

Performance records for 18 salespersons are selected to investigate whether compensation methods are a significant motivational factor. $\begin{array}{lc}\\ \text { Compensation Method } \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \quad \text { Sales }\\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Straight Salary } & 18 & 12 & 22 & 28 & 28 & & \\\hline \text { Straight Commission } & 27 & 34 & 34 & 27 & 20 & 16 & 24 \\\hline \text { Salary plus Commission } & 11 & 17 & 27 & 14 & 30 & 22 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$

A Kruskal-Wallis test performed with $\alpha$ = 0.01 will result in a decision to _____.

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)reject the alternate hypothesis
C)do not reject the null hypothesis
D)do no reject the alternate hypothesis
E)do nothing

Question 63

The nonparametric alternative to analysis of variance for a randomized block design is the _______.

A)chi-square test
B)Kruskal-Wallis test
C)Mann-Whitney U test
D)Wilcoxon test
E)Friedman test

Question 64

Four types of bicycle tires are ridden in six different cities to see if the tires lasted about the same number of miles.If there are differences, then that tire could promote its durability to potential customers.Using the data in the table below and an alpha of 0.05, what is the observed value of $\chi$ ²? $$\begin{array} { l c c c c } & \text { Tire A } & \text { Tire B } & \text { Tire C } & \text { Tire D } \\\text { City 1 } & 105 & 157 & 112 & 119 \\\text { City 2 } & 142 & 124 & 132 & 144 \\\text { City 3 } & 133 & 121 & 138 & 130 \\\text { City 4 } & 98 & 136 & 110 & 119 \\\text { City 5 } & 114 & 141 & 95 & 128 \\\text { City 6 } & 117 & 138 & 129 & 140\end{array}$$

A)77.82
B)5.00
C)84.67
D)9.35
E)4.00

Question 65

Performance records for 18 salespersons are selected to investigate whether compensation methods are a significant motivational factor. $\begin{array}{lc}\\ \text { Compensation Method } \quad\quad\text { Sales }\\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Straight Salary } & 18 & 12 & 22 & 28 & 28 & & \\\hline \text { Straight Commission } & 27 & 34 & 34 & 27 & 20 & 16 & 24 \\\hline \text { Salary plus Commission } & 11 & 17 & 27 & 14 & 30 & 22 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$
A Kruskal-Wallis test is to be performed with $\alpha$ = 0.01.The calculated K value is _______.

A)15.086
B)1.715
C)7.779
D)9.210
E)8.657

Question 66

The attention span of kindergarteners are measured in minutes.A teacher wants to see if there are differences in the attention span of kindergarteners at different times of day.Using a sample of five such children, their attention spans are measured at five different times throughout the day.Using the data in the table below and an alpha of 0.05, what is the appropriate conclusion? $$\begin{array} { l c c c c c } & 9 \text { am } & 11 a m & \text { nown } & 1 p m & 3 p m \\\text { Child 1 } & 12 & 5 & 10 & 7 & 8 \\\text { Child 2 } & 10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 12 \\\text { Child 3 } & 7 & 10 & 6 & 8 & 13 \\\text { Child 4 } & 11 & 8 & 5 & 4 & 10 \\\text { Child 5 } & 12 & 4 & 11 & 5 & 8\end{array}$$

A)Fail to reject the null and conclude that attention spans differ at different times of day.
B)Reject the null and conclude that attention spans are the same between children.
C)Reject the null and conclude that attention spans are impacted by time of day and child.
D)Fail to reject the null and conclude that attention spans differ between children.
E)Fail to reject the null and conclude that attention spans are the same at different times of day.

Question 67

The Spearman correlation coefficient is calculated for a set of data on two variables, x and y.It appears that as the rank of x increases, the rank of y is decreasing.We would expect the Spearman correlation coefficient to be ________.

A)equal to zero
B)positive
C)negative
D)greater than 5
E)greater than 1

Question 68

Four types of bicycle tires are ridden in six different cities to see if the tires lasted about the same number of miles.If there are differences, then that tire could promote its durability to potential customers.Using the data in the table below and an alpha of 0.05, what is the critical value of $\chi$ ²? $$\begin{array} { l c c c c } & \text { Tire A } & \text { Tire B } & \text { Tire C } & \text { Tire D } \\\text { City 1 } & 105 & 157 & 112 & 119 \\\text { City 2 } & 142 & 124 & 132 & 144 \\\text { City 3 } & 133 & 121 & 138 & 130 \\\text { City 4 } & 98 & 136 & 110 & 119 \\\text { City 5 } & 114 & 141 & 95 & 128 \\\text { City 6 } & 117 & 138 & 129 & 140\end{array}$$

A)7.82
B)5.99
C)4.61
D)9.35
E)3.84

Question 69

Performance records for 18 salespersons are selected to investigate whether compensation methods are a significant motivational factor. $\begin{array}{lc}\\ \text { Compensation Method } \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \quad \text { Sales }\\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Straight Salary } & 18 & 12 & 22 & 28 & 28 & & \\\hline \text { Straight Commission } & 27 & 34 & 34 & 27 & 20 & 16 & 24 \\\hline \text { Salary plus Commission } & 11 & 17 & 27 & 14 & 30 & 22 & \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$
A Kruskal-Wallis test is to be performed with $\alpha$ = 0.01.The null hypothesis is _______.

A)Group 1 = Group 2 = Group 3
B)Group 1 $\neq$ Group 2 $\neq$ Group 3
C)Group 1 $\ge$ Group 2 $\ge$ Group 3
D)Group 1 $\le$ Group 2 $\le$ Group 3
E)Group 1 $\le$ Group 2 $\ge$ Group 3

Question 70

Four types of bicycle tires are ridden in six different cities to see if the tires lasted about the same number of miles.If there are differences, then that tire could promote its durability to potential customers.Using the data in the table below and an alpha of 0.05, what is the null hypothesis? $$\begin{array} { l c c c c } & \text { Tire A } & \text { Tire B } & \text { Tire C } & \text { Tire D } \\\text { City 1 } & 105 & 157 & 112 & 119 \\\text { City 2 } & 142 & 124 & 132 & 144 \\\text { City 3 } & 133 & 121 & 138 & 130 \\\text { City 4 } & 98 & 136 & 110 & 119 \\\text { City 5 } & 114 & 141 & 95 & 128 \\\text { City 6 } & 117 & 138 & 129 & 140\end{array}$$

A)The durability of the tires between the cities is equal.
B)The durability of the tires is dependent on the city and type of tire.
C)The durability of the tires is dependent on the type of tire.
D)The durability between the types of tire is equal.
E)The durability of the tires is dependent on the city.

Question 71

A local pediatrician office is interested in the 'no-show' appointment count for each of the 4 pediatricians.'No-show' appointments represent lost revenues because the physician will be
Idle when patients do not show for their scheduled appointments.Using the data in the table
Below and an alpha of 0.10, what is the observed value of $\chi$ ²?
$$\begin{array} { r r r r r } & \text { Physician A } & \text { Physiciaan B } & \text { Physician C } & \text { Physician D } \\\text { week 1 } & 8 & 4 & 6 & 7 \\\text { week 2 } & 7 & 3 & 4 & 6 \\\text { week 3 } & 8 & 2 & 5 & 4 \\\text { week 4 } & 8 & 6 & 7 & 9 \\\text { week 5 } & 4 & 2 & 5 & 10\end{array}$$

A)85.68
B)75.0
C)13.68
D)10.68
E)23.45

Question 72

What is the Spearman rank correlation coefficient for the following set of data? $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \boldsymbol { x } & 19 & 21 & 25 & 22 & 33 \\\hline \boldsymbol { y } & 30 & 24 & 28 & 31 & 35 \\\hline\end{array}$$

A)-10.2
B)-2.35
C)0.65
D)0.50
E)0.05

Question 73

Four types of bicycle tires are ridden in six different cities to see if the tires lasted about the same number of miles.If there are differences, then that tire could promote its durability to potential customers.Using the data in the table below and an alpha of 0.05, what is the appropriate decision? $$\begin{array} { l c c c c } & \text { Tire A } & \text { Tire B } & \text { Tire C } & \text { Tire D } \\\text { City 1 } & 105 & 157 & 112 & 119 \\\text { City 2 } & 142 & 124 & 132 & 144 \\\text { City 3 } & 133 & 121 & 138 & 130 \\\text { City 4 } & 98 & 136 & 110 & 119 \\\text { City 5 } & 114 & 141 & 95 & 128 \\\text { City 6 } & 117 & 138 & 129 & 140\end{array}$$

A)Reject the null and conclude that all four tires have the same durability.
B)Fail to reject the null and conclude that there is at least one tire whose durability is different from another tire.
C)Reject the null and conclude that there is at least one tire whose durability is different from another tire.
D)Fail to reject the null and conclude that all four tires have the same durability.
E)Fail to reject the null and conclude that the durability of tires does not change by city.

Question 74

A local pediatrician office is interested in the 'no-show' appointment count for each of the 4 pediatricians.'No-show' appointments represent lost revenues because the physician will be
Idle when patients do not show for their scheduled appointments.Using the data in the table
Below and an alpha of 0.10, what is the appropriate decision?
$$\begin{array} { r r r r r } & \text { Physician A } & \text { Physiciaan B } & \text { Physician C } & \text { Physician D } \\\text { week 1 } & 8 & 4 & 6 & 7 \\\text { week 2 } & 7 & 3 & 4 & 6 \\\text { week 3 } & 8 & 2 & 5 & 4 \\\text { week 4 } & 8 & 6 & 7 & 9 \\\text { week 5 } & 4 & 2 & 5 & 10\end{array}$$
$$\begin{array} { r r r r r } & \text { Physician A } & \text { Physician B } & \text { Physician C } & \text { Physician D } \\\text { week 1 } & 8 & 4 & 6 & 7 \\\text { week 2 } & 7 & 3 & 4 & 6 \\\text { week 3 } & 8 & 2 & 5 & 4 \\\text { week 4 } & 8 & 6 & 7 & 9 \\\text { week 5 } & 4 & 2 & 5 & 10\end{array}$$

A)Reject the null hypothesis and conclude at least one physician differs in the no-show rates.
B)Reject the null hypothesis and conclude the no show rates differ by day of week
C)Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude there is not enough evidence to demonstrate the no show rate between physician is equal
D)Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude there is not enough evidence to show the no show rate between days of the week is equal
E)Reject the null hypothesis and conclude the no show rates are dependent upon both day of week and physician.

Question 75

Correlation coefficients may be computed for parametric and nonparametric data.If the data are interval data, which of the following should be used?

A)Pearson correlation coefficient
B)Spearman correlation coefficient
C)Gaussian correlation coefficient
D)De Moivre correlation coefficient
E)Gossett correlation coefficient

Question 76

The attention span of kindergarteners are measured in minutes.A teacher wants to see if there are differences in the attention span of kindergarteners at different times of day.Using a sample of five such children, their attention spans are measured at five different times throughout the day.Using the data in the table below and an alpha of 0.05, what is the null hypothesis? $$\begin{array} { l c c c c c } & 9 \text { am } & 11 a m & \text { nown } & 1 p m & 3 p m \\\text { Child 1 } & 12 & 5 & 10 & 7 & 8 \\\text { Child 2 } & 10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 12 \\\text { Child 3 } & 7 & 10 & 6 & 8 & 13 \\\text { Child 4 } & 11 & 8 & 5 & 4 & 10 \\\text { Child 5 } & 12 & 4 & 11 & 5 & 8\end{array}$$

A)The attention span between the children is equal.
B)The attention span between the times of day are equal.
C)The attention span differs based on time of day.
D)The attention span between the times of day are equal by child.
E)The attention span is dependent on the child.

Question 77

Correlation coefficients may be computed for parametric and nonparametric data.If the data are nonparametric, which of the following should be used?

A)Pearson correlation coefficient
B)Spearman correlation coefficient
C)Gaussian correlation coefficient
D)De Moivre correlation coefficient
E)Gossett correlation coefficient

Question 78

The attention span of kindergarteners are measured in minutes.A teacher wants to see if there are differences in the attention span of kindergarteners at different times of day.Using a sample of five such children, their attention spans are measured at five different times throughout the day.Using the data in the table below and an alpha of 0.05, what is the observed $\chi$ ²? $$\begin{array} { l c c c c c } & 9 \text { am } & 11 a m & \text { nown } & 1 p m & 3 p m \\\text { Child 1 } & 12 & 5 & 10 & 7 & 8 \\\text { Child 2 } & 10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 12 \\\text { Child 3 } & 7 & 10 & 6 & 8 & 13 \\\text { Child 4 } & 11 & 8 & 5 & 4 & 10 \\\text { Child 5 } & 12 & 4 & 11 & 5 & 8\end{array}$$

A)8.11
B)7.21
C)12.00
D)8.96
E)9.50

Question 79

A local pediatrician office is interested in the 'no-show' appointment count for each of the 4 pediatricians.'No-show' appointments represent lost revenues because the physician will be
Idle when patients do not show for their scheduled appointments.Using the data in the table
Below and an alpha of 0.10, what is the critical value of $\chi$ ²?
$$\begin{array} { r r r r r } & \text { Physician A } & \text { Physician B } & \text { Physician C } & \text { Physician D } \\\text { week 1 } & 8 & 4 & 6 & 7 \\\text { week 2 } & 7 & 3 & 4 & 6 \\\text { week 3 } & 8 & 2 & 5 & 4 \\\text { week 4 } & 8 & 6 & 7 & 9 \\\text { week 5 } & 4 & 2 & 5 & 10\end{array}$$

A)4.61
B)6.25
C)7.78
D)13.28
E)15.09

Question 80

A local pediatrician office is interested in the 'no-show' appointment count for each of the 4 pediatricians.'No-show' appointments represent lost revenues because the physician is idle when patients do not show for their scheduled appointments.Using the data in the table below and an alpha of .10, what is the null hypothesis?
$$\begin{array} { r r r r r } & \text { Physician A } & \text { Physician B } & \text { Physiciaan C } & \text { Physician D } \\\text { week 1 } & 8 & 4 & 6 & 7 \\\text { week 2 } & 7 & 3 & 4 & 6 \\\text { week 3 } & 8 & 2 & 5 & 4 \\\text { week 4 } & 8 & 6 & 7 & 9 \\\text { week 5 } & 4 & 2 & 5 & 10\end{array}$$

A)The physicians differ in the no-show rates.
B)The no show rates differ by day of week
C)The no show rate between physician is equal
D)The no show rate between days of the week is equal
E)The no show rates are dependent upon both day of week and physician.