Deck 18: Statistical Quality Control

Question 1

Inspecting the attributes of a finished product to determine whether the product is acceptable, is in need of rework, or is to be rejected is called after-process quality control.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The strategy called Total Quality Management (TQM)was embodied in the principles advocated by the well-known quality guru, W.Edwards Deming.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Quality control can be undertaken in two distinct ways: after-process control and before-process control.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A quality circle is a round-table of top-level quality managers.

Question 5

The Six Sigma approach essentially calls for the process to approach defect-free status.

Question 6

In a flow chart, an oval represents a start or stop in the process.

Question 7

A scatter diagram is a graphical mechanism for examining the relationship between two variables.

Question 8

Two general types of control charts are (1)control charts for manufactured items and (2)control charts for services.

Question 9

One definition that captures the spirit of most quality efforts in the business world is that quality results when a product delivers what is stipulated for it in its specifications.

Question 10

Quality control is the collection of strategies, techniques, and actions taken by an organization to assure itself that it is producing a quality product.

Question 11

A Pareto chart is a diagnostic tool that displays possible causes of a quality problem and the interrelationships among the causes.

Question 12

Two general types of control charts are (1)control charts for measurements and (2)control charts for compliance items.

Question 13

If no variation occurred between manufactured items, the resulting points on a control chart would form a horizontal line.

Question 14

Six Sigma is a methodology for quality and does not relate to a measurement value of the process.

Question 15

Control charts are used to examine the output of a process for disturbing patterns or for data points that indicate that the process is out of control.

Question 16

A control chart is used to control the flow of materials into a process.

Question 17

W.Edwards Deming was a quality guru whose principles of quality management can be summarized through four basic tenets, or "Absolutes".

Question 18

Measuring product attributes at regular intervals throughout the manufacturing process in an effort to pinpoint problem areas is called in-process quality control.

Question 19

Another name for a cause-and-effect diagram is a herringbone diagram.

Question 20

A schematic representation of all the activities and interactions that occur in a process is called a flowchart.

Question 21

Which of the following is not usually an activity that would be included in a flowchart?

A)starting point
B)processing step
C)decision points
D)person responsible
E)input

Question 22

Failure Mode Effect Analysis is best described as _________.

A)a quality scheme for building a failure free product or process.
B)a descriptive tool for analyzing measurement data and identifying failures.
C)a new approach to identifying potential failures.
D)a methodology for identifying the potential negative outcomes related to the failure of a specific product or process.
E)an approach to business making which minimizes failures through quality circles

Question 23

A manufacturer of washing machines that through its programming, promotes lower water usage per load cycle when compared to the average brand.Among Garvin's five quality types, this is an example of ________.

A)user quality
B)transcendent quality
C)product quality
D)manufacturing-based quality
E)value quality

Question 24

A recognized brand name product means higher quality to many consumers.Among Garvin's five quality types, this is an example of ___________________.

A)measurable quality
B)transcendent quality
C)product quality
D)manufacturing-based quality
E)value quality

Question 25

In many public restrooms, management will keep a sheet on the back of the door noting the times that the restroom is to be cleaned as the column headings and each row denoting a step of the cleaning to be completed.This would be an example of a __________.

A)Pareto chart
B)histogram
C)scatter plot
D)check sheet
E)control chart

Question 26

If a process is in control, less than 0.3% of all the points that represent the process output such as the average measurement or the proportion defective should be beyond the upper and lower control limits.

Question 27

Which of the following statements best describes Design for Six Sigma?

A)A process for designing a quality improvement team.
B)The measure and improve steps of a six sigma initiative.
C)A framework for implementing Deming's 14 points.
D)A root cause analysis using 100% inspection.
E)A quality scheme that emphasizes designing the product or process to perform defect-free.

Question 28

A company that uses benchmarking as a quality improvement practice will ________.

A)emulate the best practices and techniques used in their industry
B)institutionalize the not-invented-here philosophy
C)not analyze the competition's product
D)rely exclusively on government research for product improvements
E)be in the furniture business

Question 29

According to Garvin, product quality is ____________________.

A)value perceived by the customer
B)an innate excellence of the product
C)not measurable in the product
D)fitness for the consumer's intended use
E)measurable in the product

Question 30

Higher output wattage means higher quality to some consumers of audio amplifiers.Among Garvin's five quality types, this is an example of ______________.

A)user quality
B)transcendent quality
C)product quality
D)manufacturing-based quality
E)value quality

Question 31

According to the following Pareto chart, the most common complaint was ______.

A)user interface
B)speaker quality
C)camera
D)size
E)all of the above

Question 32

Imagine a cause-and-effect diagram had five elements listed at the end of each line, either at the head of the diagram or at the end of each "bone" of the diagram.These elements were transportation, enforcement, late arrivals, policy, and attitude.Of these, which would be most likely to be at the head of the diagram?

A)transportation
B)enforcement
C)late arrivals
D)policy
E)attitude

Question 33

A histogram is often used by researchers to gain a(n)_______________ of the data.

A)initial overview
B)in-depth analysis
C)statistically significant view
D)sense of the mean
E)view of the dispersion

Question 34

According to Garvin, transcendent quality implies that a product __________.

A)conforms to design and engineering specifications
B)has an innate excellence
C)has no measurable attributes
D)is fit for the consumer's intended use
E)has measurable attributes

Question 35

A flowchart can help identify ___________ within the ____________.

A)problems; process
B)processes; activities
C)main causes; problems
D)most frequent problem; activities
E)dispersion; process

Question 36

An advantage of a just-in-time inventory system is _________.

A)fewer managerial controls on inventory
B)lower inventory holding costs
C)larger shipment and production lots
D)fewer orders per operational year
E)more inspection and handling of materials

Question 37

A c chart used for statistical quality control is a chart that shows the count of defects in the process output.

Question 38

The Pareto principle would suggest that a quality improvement team focus their efforts on those problems that account for 80% of the complaints.Based on this principle and the Pareto chart below, the team should focus their efforts on which of the following complaints?

A)user interface only
B)user interface and speaker quality
C)user interface, speaker quality and camera
D)speaker quality and camera
E)all of the complaints should be a focus

Question 39

In reviewing a flowchart, a company would not be able to determine ____________ in a process.

A)the various start points
B)how many steps are
C)the total time for all activities
D)the decision points
E)the various inputs needed

Question 40

Reengineering is ___________________________.

A)a fine-tuning of the present process
B)downsizing of a company
C)another name for Deming's 14 points
D)the complete redesign of core business processes
E)incremental improvement of a core process

Question 41

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing $\bar { x }$ and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The centerline for her R chart is ____.

A)0.15
B)26
C)5
D)112
E)15

Question 42

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.45.The sample sizes were 9 each.What would the lower control limit be?

A)0.8172
B)0.6012
C)0.0828
D)0.1566
E)0.7434

Question 43

An $\bar { x }$ chart is being developed using 15 samples of size 9 each.The average of 15 sample means is 6.20.The average of the 15 ranges is 0.30.The lower control limit is _______________.

A)6.301
B)6.267
C)6.133
D)6.099
E)6.312

Question 44

Upper and lower control limits are usually based upon _______.

A)± 3 standard deviations
B)± 2 standard deviations
C)± 1 standard deviation
D)± 4 standard deviations
E)± 6 standard deviations

Question 45

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing $\bar { x }$ and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The centerline for her $\bar { x }$ chart is _________.

A)5
B)26
C)0.15
D)11.2
E)112

Question 46

A quality circle studying the problem of incorrect prices on purchase orders identified several potential causes: incorrect information from requesting department, out-of-date catalogs from suppliers, defective computer software, and worker practices in the purchasing department.These potential cause-and-effect relationships are best illustrated by a _______________.

A)check list
B)Pareto chart
C)control chart
D)point-and-figure chart
E)Fishbone diagram

Question 47

An $\bar { x }$ chart is being developed using 15 samples of size 9 each.The average of 15 sample means is 6.20.The average of the 15 ranges is 0.30.The upper control limit is _______________.

A)6.301
B)6.267
C)6.133
D)6.099
E)6.312

Question 48

The main difference between a histogram and a Pareto chart is the ____________.

A)values on the y axis
B)order of categories on the x axis
C)colors used to distinguish differences
D)type of data that can be used to create each graph
E)direction of the bars, either vertical or horizontal

Question 49

Working from a Pareto chart, a company wants to address the two most common causes of interruptions in the company's production process.Managers should focus on the _____________ of the chart.

A)width of each bar
B)bars to the far right
C)shortest bars
D)bars to the far left
E)tallest bar

Question 50

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing $\bar { x }$ and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The lower control limit for her R chart is ____.

A)0.150
B)0.000
C)0.317
D)2.114
E)1.000

Question 51

A plot of the sample ranges over regular time intervals is called a(n)_______.

A) $\bar { x }$ chart
B)R chart
C)p chart
D)c chart
E)S chart

Question 52

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing $\bar { x }$ and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The upper control limit for her R chart is ____.

A)0.150
B)10.57
C)0.317
D)2.114
E)0.713

Question 53

A graph that displays computed means for a series of small random samples over a period of time is called a(n)_______.

A) $\bar { x }$ chart
B)R chart
C)p chart
D)c chart
E)S chart

Question 54

Say a manufacturer maintains a control chart of the overall product process and determines that the process is out of control too often across all shifts.Managers could most effectively start to determine potential causes by creating a ______________.

A)histogram with shifts along the x axis
B)cause-and-effect diagram for one shift
C)scatter plot with shifts on the x axis and causes on the y axis
D)Pareto chart with shifts along the x axis
E)check sheet with shifts as columns and causes as rows

Question 55

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing $\bar { x }$ and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The lower control limit for her $\bar { x }$ chart is ____.

A)25.913
B)4.913
C)111.91
D)108.10
E)112.84

Question 56

Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing $\bar { x }$ and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The upper control limit for her $\bar { x }$ chart is ________.

A)112.09
B)5.087
C)26.087
D)115.90
E)110.09

Question 57

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.60.This was based on several samples of size 7 each.What would the lower control limit be?

A)0.046
B)0.000
C)1.154
D)4.200
E)0.004

Question 58

If a manufacturer is looking to determine the causes of declining productivity, the company might first complete a ___________ to identify potential causes, and then create a ______________ to find which causes are most common.

A)scatter plot; histogram
B)Pareto chart; histogram
C)cause-and-effect diagram; Pareto chart
D)Pareto chart; cause-and-effect diagram
E)histogram; Pareto chart

Question 59

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.60.This was based on several samples of size 7 each.What would the upper control limit be?

A)1.514
B)1.924
C)4.200
D)0.600
E)1.154

Question 60

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.45.The sample sizes were 9 each.What would the upper control limit be?

A)0.8172
B)0.6012
C)0.0828
D)0.1566
E)0.7434

Question 61

A p chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The value of p is calculated to be 0.54.The sample size is 249.What would the upper control limit be?

A)0.5941
B)0.6348
C)0.4452
D)0.5460
E)0.5340

Question 62

Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Mid-West Medical Center, is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Mid-West.He has the proportion of defective orders for 22 samples of purchase orders.Each sample contains 150 purchase orders, and the average proportion defective is 0.08.The upper control limit for Nels's p chart is ___________.

A)0.1736
B)0.1465
C)0.1312
D)0.0940
E)0.1845

Question 63

Jake Flanaghan, Vice President for the inpatient pharmacy at Great Atlantic Medical Center, is designing a c chart to monitor the number of inpatient medication errors that occur each month.The total number of medication errors for January - December last year was 37.The centerline for Jake's c chart is ___________.

A)3.08
B)37
C)8.35
D)-2.18
E)0.00

Question 64

Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Mid-West Medical Center, is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Mid-West.He has the proportions defective for 22 samples of purchase orders.Each sample contains 150 purchase orders, and the average proportion defective is 0.08.The lower control limit for Nels's p chart is ___________.

A)0.0447
B)0.0283
C)0.0135
D)0.0000
E)0.5090

Question 65

Ophelia O'Brien, VP of Consumer Credit of American First Banks (AFB), is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the AFB member banks.Her data include the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans.Each sample contains 50 loans, and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05.The upper control limit for Ophelia's p chart is _____________.

A)0.0925
B)0.0500
C)0.0308
D)0.1825
E)0.1425

Question 66

Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is potentially out-of-control?

A)several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL
B)a data point above the LCL
C)a data point above the UCL
D)a data point in the outer 1/3 region
E)a data point on the center line

Question 67

Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Mid-West Medical Center, is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Mid-West.He has the proportion of defective orders for 22 samples of purchase orders.Each sample contains 150 purchase orders, and the average proportion defective is 0.08.The centerline for Nels's p chart is ___________.

A)0.08
B)75
C)22
D)1.76
E)0.008

Question 68

Jack Joyner, Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC), is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC.The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91.The upper control limit for Jack's c chart is ___________.

A)9.11
B)13.40
C)3.50
D)7.61
E)1.00

Question 69

Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is, potentially, out-of-control?

A)several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL
B)a data point above the LCL
C)a data point below the UCL
D)an upward trend of nine data points
E)a data point in the outer 1/3 region

Question 70

Ophelia O'Brien, VP of Consumer Credit of American First Banks (AFB), is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the AFB member banks.Her data include the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans.Each sample contains 50 loans, and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05.The lower control limit for Ophelia's p chart is _____________.

A)0.0000
B)0.0204
C)0.0308
D)0.0149
E)-1.0000

Question 71

Ophelia O'Brien, VP of Consumer Credit of American First Banks (AFB), is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the AFB member banks.Her data include the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans.Each sample contains 50 loans, and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05.The centerline for Ophelia's p chart is _____________.

A)30
B)0.50
C)50
D)1.5
E)0.05

Question 72

Jack Joyner, Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC), is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC.The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91.The centerline for Jack's c chart is ___________.

A)117.00
B)0.2857
C)3.50
D)65.00
E)26.00

Question 73

Jack Joyner, Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC), is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC.The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91.The lower control limit for Jack's c chart is ___________.

A)1.37
B)-2.11
C)3.50
D)-1.00
E)0.00

Question 74

A p chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The value of p is calculated to be 0.05.The sample size is 50.What would the upper control limit be?

A)0.142
B)-0.042
C)0.408
D)0.092
E)0.642

Question 75

A graph that plots the number of nonconformances per item for multiple samples is called a(n)_______.

A) $\bar { x }$ chart
B)R chart
C)p chart
D)c chart
E)Pareto chart

Question 76

A graph that plots the proportions of items in noncompliance for multiple samples is called a(n)_______.

A) $\bar { x }$ chart
B)R chart
C)p chart
D)c chart
E)Pareto chart

Question 77

Jake Flanaghan, Vice President for the inpatient pharmacy at Great Atlantic Medical Center, is designing a c chart to monitor the number of inpatient medication errors that occur each month.The total number of medication errors for January - December last year was 37.The lower control limit for Jake's c chart is ___________.

A)3.08
B)37
C)8.35
D)-2.18
E)0.00

Question 78

A p chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The value of p is calculated to be 0.54.The sample size is 249.What would the lower control limit be?

A)0.5941
B)-0.6348
C)0.4452
D)-0.5460
E)0.5340

Question 79

Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is potentially out-of-control?

A)several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL
B)a data point below the LCL
C)a data point below the UCL
D)a data point in the outer 1/3 region
E)a data point on the center line

Question 80

Jake Flanaghan, Vice President for the inpatient pharmacy at Great Atlantic Medical Center, is designing a c chart to monitor the number of inpatient medication errors that occur each month.The total number of medication errors for January - December last year was 37.The upper control limit for Jake's c chart is ___________.

A)3.08
B)37
C)8.35
D)-2.18
E)0.00