Deck 9: Infection

Question 1

A type of infection that is associated with the delivery of healthcare services in a facility such as a hospital or nursing home is called a(n)

A)etiologic infection.
B)latent infection.
C)healthcare-associated infection.
D)hospital-associated infection.

Answer 1

healthcare-associated infection.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a client who is hospitalized for cellulitis of the foot.Which nursing diagnoses should the nurse use to plan this client's care? Select all that apply.

A)Social Isolation related to skin infection
B)Impaired Skin Integrity related to skin infection
C)Acute Pain related to skin infection
D)Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to skin infection
E)Powerlessness related to inability to control the infection

Answer 2

Impaired Skin Integrity related to skin infection
Acute Pain related to skin infection

Question 3

The nurse is teaching a class on infection control.Which nursing measure is most appropriate in breaking a link in the chain of infection?

A)Place contaminated linens in a paper bag.
B)Use personal protective equipment (PPE).
C)Cover one's cough by placing the mouth in the hand.
D)Wear sterile gloves for client care.

Answer 3

Use personal protective equipment (PPE).

Question 4

Which client should the nurse anticipate will have the greatest psychosocial needs?

A)A client under standard precautions
B)A client taking antibiotics
C)A client under droplet precautions
D)A client in isolation

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted with cellulitis of the foot.Which assessment findings support this diagnosis?

A)Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)and creatinine
B)Breath sounds
C)Blood cultures
D)Redness,pain,and edema at the site

Question 6

4)The nurse is caring for a client with gangrene of the toe.Which collaborative intervention should the nurse anticipate preparing the client for?

A)Surgery
B)Debridement
C)Myringotomy
D)Wound irrigation

Question 7

A pregnant client tested positive for group B streptococcus during her 36-week checkup.For which intervention should the nurse prepare the client in order to prevent transmission of infection to the neonate?

A)Not breastfeeding the neonate during the first week after birth
B)Administration of antibiotics to the neonate after birth
C)Delivery by cesarean section
D)Administration of antibiotics to the client during labor

Question 8

A client receiving intravenous antibiotics for 3 days as treatment for cellulitis is being prepared for discharge.Which discharge order should the nurse anticipate for this client?

A)Low-sodium diet prescribed
B)Home healthcare aide for the client
C)Oral antibiotics to be continued at home
D)Orders for evaluation by physical therapy

Question 9

The nurse is teaching a child care class for mothers of young children.What should the nurse teach as being the most common mode of transmission of infectious disease?

A)Children who are playing board games
B)Children who are sitting together eating meals
C)Children who are playing with the same toy
D)Children who don't wash their hands after using the bathroom

Question 10

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client recovering from cellulitis.Which client statement indicates that this teaching has been effective?

A)"I will monitor for signs of infection such as fever,chills,malaise,and redness or tenderness at the site."
B)"If the lesion looks healed,I will stop taking the antibiotics so that I will not develop resistance to antibiotics."
C)"If pustules develop,I will squeeze the lesion to remove the pus."
D)"Drainage from the site is an expected finding,and I should not be concerned."

Question 11

The nurse is teaching a client with cellulitis about ways to promote healing and avoid future infections.Which client statements indicate that the teaching has been effective? Select all that apply.

A)"I should use antibiotic soap to cleanse my wound."
B)"I must keep my wound completely dry between cleansings."
C)"I should contact the doctor if I have a temperature of 99.5°F or higher."
D)"I should avoid swimming in lakes when I have a wound."
E)"I can stop taking antibiotics when the swelling subsides."

Question 12

The nurse is teaching a group of adolescents at a local high school about skin infections.Which students should the nurse identify as being at increased risk for developing cellulitis? Select all that apply.

A)A student who plucks her eyebrows
B)A student with diabetes
C)A student who is a member of the golf team
D)A student who squeezes pimples
E)A student who applies moisturizer on a daily basis

Question 13

A nurse is planning an in-service on preventing infection for the staff nurses on a hospital's medical-surgical unit.Which of the following should be the priority teaching point for this in-service?

A)Raising the temperature in each client's room
B)Assessing vital signs once daily
C)Wearing a mask for client care
D)Performing hand hygiene

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a client who is being discharged following abdominal surgery with an incision.Which instruction is most important for the nurse to teach this client regarding wound healing?

A)"Thoroughly irrigate the wound with hydrogen peroxide once a day."
B)"Apply a lubricating lotion to the edges of the wound twice a day."
C)"Add more fruits and vegetables to your diet."
D)"Notify the healthcare provider if you notice swelling,warmth,or tenderness at the wound site."

Question 15

The nurse is assessing a client who is recovering following surgery.Which factor would increase this client's susceptibility to infection?

A)Intact mucous membranes
B)Presence of an incision
C)Dry skin
D)Active bowel sounds

Question 16

The nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs of a systemic infection following surgery.Which diagnostic tests would the nurse anticipate being ordered? Select all that apply.

A)Serum electrolyte levels
B)Urinalysis
C)White blood cell differential
D)White blood cell count
E)Wound culture

Question 17

The healthcare provider prescribes a client to have peak and trough blood levels drawn to evaluate the therapeutic effect of an IV antibiotic.When should the nurse schedule the blood samples to be drawn? Select all that apply.

A)Prior to the discontinuing the antibiotic
B)A few minutes before the next scheduled dose of medication
C)During the infusion of the antibiotic
D)30 minutes after the IV administration
E)1 to 2 hours after the oral administration of the medication

Question 18

A client is receiving IV antibiotics for the treatment of a Staphylococcus aureus infection.Which nursing interventions are appropriate when providing care to this client? Select all that apply.

A)Encourage adequate fluid intake.
B)Monitor for allergic reaction.
C)Assess renal and liver function.
D)Assess pain level.
E)Monitor vital signs.

Question 19

Which agent can be used to destroy pathogens other than spores?

A)Antiseptic
B)Disinfectant
C)Sterilizing agent
D)Isolating agent

Question 20

Which actions should the nurse take to help the client with bowel and bladder dysfunction reduce the risk of infection? Select all that apply.

A)Isolate the client using transmission-based precautions.
B)Monitor intake and output.
C)Provide hygienic care after episodes of incontinence.
D)Use standard precautions when handling linen after episodes of incontinence.
E)Limit fluid intake.

Question 21

A nurse caring for a client with cellulitis can expect to collaborate with which other member of the healthcare team?

A)Clinical psychologist
B)Social worker
C)Wound care specialist
D)Respiratory therapist

Question 22

What information should the nurse include when teaching parents of pediatric clients about ways to decrease the spread of influenza? Select all that apply.

A)"Cover your cough" education
B)An explanation of appropriate hand hygiene
C)Methods for safe food preparation and storage
D)Where to obtain the influenza vaccine
E)The importance of withholding immunizations for children with compromised immune systems

Question 23

A client who uses extended-wear contact lenses should be taught measures for reducing the risk of which of the following conditions?

A)Conjunctivitis
B)Cataracts
C)Glaucoma
D)Macular degeneration

Question 24

The nurse is assessing a client who presents with purulent drainage and crusting of the eye.The nurse should recognize that these findings are most consistent with which type of infection?

A)Viral conjunctivitis
B)Allergic conjunctivitis
C)Bacterial conjunctivitis
D)Fungal conjunctivitis

Question 25

Which term is commonly used by clients to describe conjunctivitis?

A)Stye
B)Pink eye
C)Red eye
D)Retinitis

Question 26

The nurse is caring for a client who presents with acute malaise,muscle aches,and fever.Which additional assessment findings should the nurse recognize as consistent with influenza? Select all that apply.

A)No history of vaccinations within the past 12 months
B)Nonproductive cough
C)Hypotension
D)Difficulty urinating
E)Dizziness

Question 27

When planning care for a client with trachoma,which potential complication should the nurse consider?

A)Scarring of the cornea
B)Eye muscle weakness
C)Damaged iris
D)Retinal detachment

Question 28

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with orbital cellulitis.Which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate?

A)Sunken eyes
B)Edema of the affected eye
C)Increased acuity of the affected eye
D)Elevated blood pressure

Question 29

The nurse is working in a primary care setting.Which clients should the nurse identify as being at high risk for influenza or its complications? Select all that apply.

A)A 25-year-old pregnant woman at 20 weeks' gestation
B)A 65-year-old woman
C)A 3-year-old with cystic fibrosis
D)A 35-year-old man with a severe allergy to eggs
E)A 20-year-old healthcare worker

Question 30

A labor and delivery nurse is providing care for a neonate in the first few minutes after birth.One action the nurse will take to promote eye health and prevent conjunctivitis in the infant is administration of

A)oral tetracycline.
B)erythromycin as an eye ointment.
C)ceftriaxone as an eye drop.
D)parenteral acyclovir.

Question 31

The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who has acute conjunctivitis from Staphylococcus.Which should the nurse include when teaching this client? Select all that apply.

A)"It is OK to share makeup once the infection has resolved."
B)"Do not share towels,makeup,or contact lenses with anyone else,as this can spread the infection."
C)"You can soak your eyelids with a warm cloth to soften crusts and exudates that may form."
D)"Wash your hands before cleansing the eye and administering eye drops."
E)"You may go back to sharing towels when the infection is gone."

Question 32

On which region of the body would the nurse most expect to observe erysipelas?

A)Abdomen
B)Ankles
C)Neck
D)Back

Question 33

The nurse is providing care for a pediatric client with bacterial conjunctivitis.Which interventions should the nurse use as part of the collaborative management of the client? Select all that apply.

A)Recommending dark sunglasses
B)Recommending removing contacts at night
C)Contacting the client's school nurse
D)Performing careful hand hygiene
E)Administering antiviral therapy

Question 34

The nurse is assessing a college student who presents with red,swollen eyes;photophobia;and yellowish drainage from the conjunctiva.Which question should the nurse ask the client first?

A)"Have you had extra caffeine this week?"
B)"Did you get sand in your eye recently?"
C)"Have you been exposed to HIV?"
D)"Have any of your friends experienced these symptoms?"

Question 35

When providing care to a client with a wound,which evidence-based interventions should the nurse anticipate carrying out? Select all that apply.

A)Keeping the wound dry
B)Only covering the wound if a scab forms
C)Ensuring that the wound remains moist
D)Keeping the wound covered
E)Teaching the client that proper wound management can reduce scarring

Question 36

What organism is most commonly responsible for cellulitis?

A)Staphylococcus epidermidis
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)Streptococcus viridans
D)Staphylococcus aureus

Question 37

The nurse is reviewing diagnostic and laboratory studies performed for a client with influenza.Which result should the nurse recognize as being consistent with influenza?

A)Decreased white blood cell count
B)Increased BUN
C)Decreased sodium level
D)Fluid-filled lungs on chest x-ray

Question 38

The nurse is teaching a mother how to administer optical antibiotics to her child who has conjunctivitis.Which statement made by the mother indicates teaching has been effective?

A)"I will drop the medication onto the eyeball."
B)"I will wait 10 seconds between drops."
C)"I will wash my hands before instilling the medication."
D)"I will rub the eye with a cotton ball after I administer the medication."

Question 39

The nurse makes a home visit to a client recovering from influenza.Which client statements indicate that desired outcomes have been met? Select all that apply.

A)"I'm eating healthy foods now."
B)"I went back to work."
C)"I haven't had chills since I left the hospital."
D)"I slept the whole night without coughing."
E)"I was able to take a walk today."

Question 40

Which interventions should the nurse anticipate carrying out to promote effective breathing in a client with respiratory manifestations of the flu? Select all that apply.

A)Maintain adequate hydration.
B)Teach the client coughing and deep breathing.
C)Prepare the client for the possibility of a tracheostomy tube.
D)Keep the head of the bed elevated.
E)Administer antitussives during the day.

Question 41

Necrosis of respiratory epithelial cells and shedding of serous and ciliated cells of the respiratory tract produce which common symptom of influenza?

A)Malaise
B)Coryza
C)Cough
D)Rhinorrhea

Question 42

A toddler with otitis media is prescribed amoxicillin clavulanate 250 mg/5 mL three times daily by mouth for 10 days.What should the nurse teach the mother about this medication?

A)"It is OK to stop the antibiotic if the child begins to have side effects."
B)"Give the antibiotic for the full 10 days as prescribed."
C)"It is important to measure the prescribed dose in a household teaspoon."
D)"Be sure to administer a loading dose of the medication when you get home."

Question 43

The nurse is teaching the mother of an infant with otitis media to manage the associated fever and pain.Which instruction by the nurse is correct?

A)Swaddle the baby in blankets.
B)Feed the baby solid foods.
C)Administer acetaminophen.
D)Bathe the baby with cool water.

Question 44

The nurse is caring for a client who refuses treatment for otitis media.The nurse correctly teaches the client that she is at increased risk for developing which condition?

A)External otitis
B)Meningitis
C)Pneumonia
D)Influenza

Question 45

Which child has a risk factor for developing otitis media?

A)A 10-year-old child who plays baseball and soccer
B)A 14-year-old child who lives on a farm
C)A 5-year-old child who stays with her grandmother during summer break
D)An 18-month-old child who attends daycare while his parents work

Question 46

The nurse correctly explains to a young mother that bottle-feeding an infant in the upright position may help to prevent which infectious health problem?

A)Choking
B)Aspiration
C)Sinus infection
D)Otitis media

Question 47

An older adult client asks the nurse what can be done to decrease the risk of developing pneumonia.Which responses by the nurse are most appropriate? Select all that apply.

A)"Once per day,you should eat yogurt that is supplemented with L.casei immunitas cultures."
B)"Eliminating habits like smoking can help."
C)"You can get the pneumonia vaccination,which may help decrease your risk in the future."
D)"Avoiding alcohol will reduce your risk."
E)"There is nothing you can do to decrease your risk of pneumonia in the future."

Question 48

What should the nurse recommend for a pregnant client who is concerned about a recent flu outbreak?

A)The nurse should recommend that the client receive the influenza vaccination.
B)The nurse should recommend that the client stay home until the influenza outbreak has ended.
C)The nurse should recommend that the client take amantadine (Symmetrel)prophylactically.
D)The nurse should recommend that the client eat foods that boost the immune system.

Question 49

The nurse walks into an examination room and sees a young child demonstrate a specific behavior.(See image. )The nurse recognizes this behavior is most characteristic of which health problem?

A)Sore throat
B)Hunger
C)Otitis media
D)Head cold

Question 50

Which instruction should the nurse provide to an adolescent client with otitis media with regard to pain?

A)Apply a cold compress to the affected ear.
B)Report abrupt relief of pain immediately.
C)Continue plans for air travel.
D)Report increased pain when moving the outer ear.

Question 51

The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia.Which intervention should the nurse include in this client's plan of care to promote effective airway clearance?

A)Perform chest percussion every 4 hours and prn.
B)Administer the pneumococcal vaccine prior to discharge.
C)Limit fluid intake to 1000 mL per day.
D)Provide the client with smoking cessation education.

Question 52

The nurse is teaching the parents of an infant who is diagnosed with acute otitis media.Which is the priority teaching point for these parents?

A)Administer a decongestant for nasal congestion.
B)Keep the baby in a flat position during sleep.
C)Administer acetaminophen to relieve pain and decrease fever.
D)Place the baby to sleep with a pacifier.

Question 53

A client has completed the full course of antibiotics prescribed to treat otitis media.Which primary manifestation of the disorder will be relieved as evidence that treatment has been effective?

A)Impaired hearing
B)Dizziness
C)Pain
D)Nausea and vomiting

Question 54

Which oral antiviral drug that is commonly prescribed for influenza A and B works by preventing the release of newly formed virus?

A)Rimantadine (Flumadine)
B)Zanamivir (Relenza)
C)Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
D)Amantadine (Symmetrel)

Question 55

The body structure that provides a route by which infections organisms can enter the middle ear to cause otitis media is the

A)nasopharynx.
B)eustachian tube.
C)tympanic membrane.
D)sinus cavity.

Question 56

The nurse is caring for a group of clients with influenza.Which client should the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for complications?

A)A 53-year-old woman
B)A 72-year-old man
C)A 35-year-old woman
D)A 12-year-old boy

Question 57

Because of the way the influenza virus is transmitted from person to person,nurses who are working with clients with influenza should implement

A)droplet precautions.
B)isolation precautions.
C)airborne precautions.
D)contact precautions.

Question 58

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who is hospitalized with a second episode of pneumonia in the past 18 months.The client has expressed frustration to the nurse and states,"I never got sick when I was younger.Why is this happening?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

A)"As you grow older,your immune system just quits working."
B)"As you grow older,there is a decrease in the immune response,which puts you at greater risk for developing an infection."
C)"As you grow older,there in an overall increase in the speed and strength of your immune response."
D)"As you grow older,there is an increase in the number of B cells in the circulation,which hinders the immune response."

Question 59

Which interventions should the nurse incorporate into the plan of care for a client diagnosed with influenza? Select all that apply.

A)Placing droplet and contact precaution signs on the client's room door
B)Placing the client in a negative air flow room
C)Placing a ventilator in the room
D)Notifying other departments of the diagnosis
E)Using appropriate PPE

Question 60

An older adult client is admitted with pneumonia.Which manifestations would the nurse expect to find when assessing this client? Select all that apply.

A)Hemoptysis
B)Increased appetite
C)Cough
D)Tachypnea
E)Fever

Question 61

An adolescent client is brought to the emergency department (ED)with fatigue,weight loss,a dry cough,and night sweats.The family just recently immigrated to the United States.Based on this data,which potential risk should the nurse include when planning care for this client?

A)Pneumothorax
B)Atelectasis
C)Renal failure
D)Reduced peristalsis

Question 62

Which diagnostic test result is consistent with a diagnosis of septic shock?

A)A blood pH that is higher than normal
B)A hematocrit that is higher than normal
C)A PaCO₂ that is lower than normal
D)A potassium level that is lower than normal

Question 63

Which finding supports the nurse's evaluation that an older adult client with sepsis has maintained a normal mental status?

A)The client is agitated.
B)The client has a Glasgow coma score of 4.
C)The client responds to questions appropriately.
D)The client's pupils are fixed and dilated.

Question 64

A client is admitted to the intensive care unit with a systemic infection.Which manifestations will the nurse most likely assess in this client? Select all that apply.

A)Tachycardia
B)Pain
C)Edema
D)Hypotension
E)Fever

Question 65

A 1-month-old infant is admitted to the hospital with a temperature of 102°F.What is the rationale for a complete septic workup?

A)Absence of sweat glands
B)Immature immune system
C)Inadequate red blood cells
D)Poor lung elasticity

Question 66

A nurse is caring for a client with septicemia.What assessment by the nurse best addresses the potential for ineffective peripheral perfusion?

A)Monitor heart rate every hour.
B)Assess temperature every 4 hours.
C)Monitor pupil reactions every 8 hours.
D)Monitor for cyanosis.

Question 67

List the pathophysiology concepts related to the onset of sepsis in sequential order.

A)Macrophage-producing cytokines are released.
B)Endotoxin released by microorganisms sets off an out-of-control inflammatory process.
C)Neutrophils arrive and multiply,occluding capillaries.
D)Vasodilation with increased capillary permeability and fluid leak.

Question 68

The nurse in an inner city clinic is providing a health screening for a homeless client with a history of drug abuse.The client has a chronic nonproductive cough.For which should the nurse expect to screen this client?

A)Herpes zoster
B)Sickle cell disease
C)Sick sinus syndrome
D)Tuberculosis

Question 69

The provider has ordered fluid administration for a pediatric client with pneumonia.The client weighs 81.6 lb (37 kg).The nurse should expect to administer ________ mL of fluid per day for this client.

Question 70

Which intervention should the nurse carry out to manage fever in a client with pneumonia? Select all that apply.

A)Increase the temperature of the room environment to prevent shivering.
B)Administer antipyretic medications.
C)Restrict fluids during periods of hyperthermia because of the risk of electrolyte imbalance.
D)Use ice packs and a tepid bath every 2 hours.
E)Promote frequent rest periods to increase energy reserve.

Question 71

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who developed sepsis from a pressure ulcer while residing in a long-term care facility.The family asks how they can help prevent this from happening again in the future.Which response by the nurse is best?

A)Alert the staff when the client's IV runs dry.
B)Help the nurse with dressing changes.
C)Assist the client to the bathroom so there is not a fall.
D)Assist the client with meals to obtain optimal nourishment.

Question 72

The nurse is providing teaching on preventing sepsis.Which should the nurse include as a major risk factor for the development of this health problem?

A)Pneumococcal bacteria
B)Leukocytosis on the complete blood count
C)Undiagnosed urinary tract infection
D)Elevated temperature

Question 73

The nurse is caring for a client who develops a fever and productive cough after abdominal surgery.Which orders should the nurse expect from the healthcare provider? Select all that apply.

A)Sputum cultures
B)Antibiotics
C)Chest physiotherapy
D)Bronchial washing for culture
E)Isolation precautions

Question 74

The nurse is preparing to assess an older adult client admitted with tuberculosis.Which assessment finding does the nurse anticipate?

A)Night sweats
B)Swollen lymph nodes
C)Cough
D)Hemoptysis

Question 75

What is the primary rationale for maintaining adequate hydration in clients with pneumonia?

A)It helps maintain urine output to clear toxins from the blood.
B)It helps increase blood pressure to maintain perfusion to vital organs.
C)It helps keep the mucus membranes moist to prevent further infection.
D)It helps keep the airway clear by making secretions easier to expectorate.

Question 76

Which type of pneumonia rarely occurs in individuals with normal immune function?

A)Pneumonia caused by the influenza virus
B)Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci
C)Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D)Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 77

Which of the following is not one of the four distinct patterns of pneumonia?

A)Lobar pneumonia
B)Bronchopneumonia
C)Alveolar pneumonia
D)Interstitial pneumonia

Question 78

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client recovering from pneumonia.Which client statement indicates that additional teaching is needed?

A)"I can't get the influenza vaccine due to my allergy to eggs."
B)"I will get the influenza vaccine every year."
C)"I will get the pneumococcal vaccine every fall."
D)"The pneumococcal vaccine protects against bacterial pneumonia."

Question 79

One method of preventing sepsis in hospitalized clients is

A)using aseptic techniques when inserting a catheter.
B)placing clients with infections in negative airflow rooms.
C)using airborne precautions when assessing clients.
D)teaching proper techniques for using tampons.

Question 80

The nurse is planning care for a client recently diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB).The client lives alone in an apartment and will continue treatment at home.When reviewing the client's history,the nurse notes that the client has had trouble complying with medication regimens in the past.Which nursing diagnosis is a priority for this client?

A)Ineffective Health Management
B)Deficient Knowledge
C)Ineffective Breathing Pattern
D)Risk for Injury