Deck 21: Nutrition

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of an empty calorie food?

A) Candy
B) Cake
C) Cookies
D) Soft drinks
E) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

What is the term for a food that has vitamins and minerals added to it to replace those lost during processing of that food?

A) Whole-grain food
B) Enriched food
C) Pasteurized food
D) Fortified food

Answer 2

Enriched food

Question 3

What percent of the daily caloric intake of an individual should come from fat?

A) Approximately 45% to 65%
B) No more than 20% to 35%
C) Less than 7%
D) Between 70% and 80%

Answer 3

No more than 20% to 35%

Question 4

All of the following are benefits of good nutrition except:

A) Supports good physical and mental well-being
B) Helps to maintain a healthy weight
C) Prevention of cancer
D) Lowers the risk of heart disease and diabetes

Question 5

What is the disadvantage of trans fat?

A) It increases the HDL cholesterol level.
B) It increases the risk of liver disease.
C) It interferes with the absorption of iron.
D) It increases the risk of heart disease.

Question 6

Complex carbohydrates are made up of

A) many sugar units strung together in a long chain.
B) one sugar unit.
C) two sugar units.
D) amino acids.

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of soluble fiber?

A) It helps to lower blood cholesterol
B) Good food sources include oatmeal,applies,broccoli,and legumes
C) It makes an individual feel full longer
D) All of the above

Question 8

What is the term for a chemical substance found in food that is needed by the body for survival and well-being?

A) Diet
B) Nutrient
C) Antioxidant
D) Nutrition

Question 9

All of the following provide kilocalories for the body except:

A) Carbohydrates
B) Dietary fiber
C) Fat
D) Protein

Question 10

All of the following are examples of monosaccharides except:

A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Galactose
D) Sucrose

Question 11

All of the following are functions of fat in the body except:

A) It provides energy for the body.
B) It assists in the transmission of nerve impulses.
C) It insulates and cushions the body.
D) It transports water soluble vitamins in the body.

Question 12

All of the following are characteristics of monounsaturated fat except:

A) It has a protective effect against heart disease.
B) It is liquid at room temperature.
C) It is found primarily in plant-based foods.
D) Good food sources include palm oil and coconut oil.

Question 13

Which of the following enables glucose to enter the body cells and be converted to energy?

A) Glycogen
B) Insulin
C) Beta cells of the pancreas
D) Lactase

Question 14

What is the purpose of adding trans fat to a food item?

A) To preserve the food item
B) To increase shelf life of a food item
C) To give the food a more desirable taste
D) All of the above

Question 15

All of the following are performed by the medical assistant using a knowledge of nutrition except:

A) Conducting a nutritional assessment of a patient and recommending nutrition therapy
B) Scheduling an appointment for a patient with a dietitian
C) Relaying dietary restrictions to a patient for a test or procedure
D) Providing a patient with nutrition handouts

Question 16

All of the following are examples of macronutrients except:

A) Carbohydrates
B) Fats
C) Protein
D) Minerals

Question 17

What is the function of carbohydrate in the body?

A) Primary source of energy for the body
B) Build and repair of body tissue
C) Assists in blood clotting
D) Production of blood cells

Question 18

A food with a high nutrient density is

A) high in calories and low in nutrients.
B) fortified with vitamins and minerals.
C) low in calories and high in nutrients.
D) high in protein and low in fat.

Question 19

How many kilocalories are provided by one gram of carbohydrate?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Question 20

All of the following contain saturated fat except:

A) Nuts
B) Butter
C) Bacon
D) Cheese

Question 21

Which of the following vitamins is needed for healthy skin and to maintain vision in dim light?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K

Question 22

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins?

A) Provide energy for the body
B) Consists of inorganic compounds
C) Needed in small amounts for normal growth and development
D) Can be produced by the body
E) All of the above

Question 23

All of the following are good food sources of the B vitamins except:

A) Citrus fruits
B) Whole grain bread and cereals
C) Legumes
D) Dark green leafy vegetables

Question 24

What is a complete protein?

A) A protein that contains all of the essential amino acids needed by the body
B) A type of protein found in plant-based foods
C) A protein that can be synthesized by the body
D) A protein that lacks one or more essential amino acids needed by the body

Question 25

Which of the following may occur in an individual with a high blood cholesterol level?

A) Hypertension
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Joint pain

Question 26

Which of the following conditions can result from a deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamin)?

A) Dermatitis
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Muscle cramps
D) Night blindness

Question 27

Which of the following may result in an elevated triglyceride level in the body?

A) Type 2 diabetes
B) Excess alcohol consumption
C) Being physically inactive
D) Smoking
E) All of the above

Question 28

All of the following are characteristics of cholesterol except:

A) Dietary cholesterol is only found in plant sources.
B) It helps to make up cell membranes.
C) It is needed for the production of hormones and bile.
D) It is manufactured by the liver.

Question 29

Through the process of digestion,protein is broken down into

A) glucose.
B) amino acids.
C) fatty acids.
D) disaccharides.

Question 30

Which of the following conditions can result from a deficiency of vitamin D in children?

A) Rickets
B) Osteoporosis
C) Scurvy
D) Anemia

Question 31

Which of the following is a function of the B vitamins?

A) To regulate metabolism
B) To facilitate nervous system function
C) To maintain healthy skin
D) To assist enzymes in converting food into energy
E) All of the above

Question 32

What is the term for the chemical form in which most fat exists in food?

A) Polyunsaturated fat
B) Triglycerides
C) Fatty acids
D) Amino acids

Question 33

Which of the following conditions can result from a deficiency of vitamin B₁ (thiamine)?

A) Pellagra
B) Scurvy
C) Osteoporosis
D) Beriberi

Question 34

Which of the following vitamins is required for the formation of prothrombin needed for normal blood clotting?

A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin E

Question 35

Which of the following conditions can result from a deficiency of vitamin B₉ (folic acid)?

A) Cerebral palsy
B) Osteomalacia
C) Cleft palate
D) Neural tube birth defects

Question 36

All of the following are good food sources of protein except:

A) Pasta
B) Milk
C) Eggs
D) Meat

Question 37

All of the following are characteristics of fat soluble vitamins except:

A) They dissolve in fat.
B) An excessive intake may lead to toxicity symptoms.
C) They cannot be stored in the body.
D) They include vitamins A,D,E,and K.

Question 38

Which of the following is the primary function of protein in the body?

A) To build,repair,and maintain body tissue
B) To provide energy for the body
C) To assist in regulating body processes
D) To maintain a healthy immune system

Question 39

What is the term for an amino acid that is required by the body and must be obtained from food?

A) Nonessential amino acid
B) Incomplete amino acid
C) Essential amino acid
D) Micronutrient

Question 40

Which of the following conditions can result from a deficiency of vitamin C?

A) Bleeding gums
B) Easy bruising
C) Poor wound healing
D) Muscle cramps
E) All of the above

Question 41

What percentage of an adult is made up of water?

A) 10% to 20%
B) 20% to 25%
C) 60% to 65%
D) 80% to 85%

Question 42

All of the following are key elements in the treatment of obesity except:

A) Reduced calorie eating plan
B) Physical exercise program
C) Fad diets
D) Behavior modification plan

Question 43

How many kilocalories make up 1 pound of body fat?

A) 1,200
B) 2,500
C) 3,500
D) 5,000

Question 44

How many minutes each week should a healthy adult spend in moderate-intensity physical exercise?

A) 60 minutes
B) 100 minutes
C) 150 minutes
D) 180 minutes

Question 45

Which of the following individuals may require a multivitamin and mineral supplement?

A) An individual consuming less than 1,200 kcal per day
B) An individual with Crohn's disease
C) A pregnant woman
D) An elderly individual
E) All of the above

Question 46

Which of the following minerals is needed for healthy bones and teeth?

A) Calcium
B) Potassium
C) Iodine
D) Zinc

Question 47

All of the following are names for added sugar except:

A) Corn syrup
B) Ascorbic acid
C) Molasses
D) Honey

Question 48

What name is used on a food label to identify trans fat?

A) Sodium citrate
B) Monosodium glutamate
C) Hydrogenated vegetable oil
D) Triglycerides

Question 49

Which of the following requires a food label?

A) Fresh fruits
B) Packaged foods
C) Fresh vegetables
D) Restaurant food

Question 50

How are ingredients listed on a food label?

A) In descending order of weight from lowest to highest
B) From the most nutritious ingredient to the least nutritious ingredient
C) In descending order of weight from highest to lowest
D) In descending order of calories from most to least

Question 51

How much of MyPlate should consist of the protein group?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 30%
D) 50%

Question 52

Which of the following is a function of water?

A) Transportation of substances in and out of cells
B) Cools the body through perspiration
C) Provides a solvent for ridding the body of waste products
D) Cushions the shock to bones and joints
E) All of the above

Question 53

Which of the following minerals is needed to make hemoglobin?

A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Magnesium
D) Chromium

Question 54

Which of the following nutrients (listed on a food label)should be limited in the diet?

A) Total fat
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Dietary fiber

Question 55

What occurs in the body when more calories are used for energy by the body than are consumed?

A) Calorie surplus
B) Malnutrition
C) Insulin resistance
D) Calorie deficit

Question 56

Most water is lost from the body through

A) urine.
B) feces.
C) perspiration.
D) breathing.

Question 57

Obesity increases the risk of developing which of the following?

A) Hypertension
B) Type 2 diabetes
C) Sleep apnea
D) Osteoarthritis
E) All of the above

Question 58

Which of the following minerals provide an increased resistance to dental cavities?

A) Phosphorus
B) Chloride
C) Fluoride
D) Copper

Question 59

Which of the following conditions can result from a deficiency of iron?

A) Hemophilia
B) Osteomalacia
C) Goiter
D) Anemia

Question 60

What is the term for the application of the science of nutrition to promote optimal health and treat illness?

A) Dietitian
B) Malnutrition
C) Nutrition therapy
D) Weight management

Question 61

All of the following are recommendations of the TLC (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes)eating plan except:

A) Saturated fat: Less than 7% of total calories
B) Sodium: At least 5,000 mg per day
C) Cholesterol: Less than 200 mg per day
D) Dietary fiber: 20-30 grams per day

Question 62

Which of the following is recommended nutrition therapy for type 1 diabetes?

A) Exchange list system
B) Reduced calorie diet
C) Low fat diet
D) Low sodium diet

Question 63

Which of the following may result from atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries?

A) Narrowing of the coronary arteries
B) Partial blockage of the coronary arteries
C) Hardening of the arterial walls
D) All of the above

Question 64

Which of the following foods does not contain gluten?

A) Whole wheat bread
B) Eggs
C) Pasta
D) Beer

Question 65

Which of the following may occur if high blood pressure is not brought under control?

A) Heart attack
B) Kidney damage
C) Stroke
D) Damaged vision
E) All of the above

Question 66

All of the following are characteristics of lactose intolerance except:

A) Body does not produce enough lactase.
B) Caused by an allergy to lactose
C) Body cannot fully digest lactose.
D) Usually begins during late adolescence or adulthood

Question 67

What occurs with a rotation diet?

A) Exposure of the food allergen to heat so the body no longer recognizes it as an allergen
B) Gradual desensitization of the body to the food allergen by limiting the number of times it is ingested
C) Removal of the food allergen from the diet
D) Exposure of the food allergen to acid to prevent an allergic reaction

Question 68

What is the name of the condition in which the body produces insulin but does not use it effectively?

A) Malnutrition
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Insulin resistance
D) Insulin shock

Question 69

Which of the following are symptoms of a food allergy?

A) Skin rash
B) Hives
C) Swelling
D) Shortness of breath
E) All of the above

Question 70

Which of the following foods does not contain lactose?

A) Soy milk
B) Cheese
C) Ice cream
D) Whole milk

Question 71

Which of the following occurs with celiac disease?

A) Erosion of the lining of the stomach
B) Inflammation of the colon
C) Shortness of breath
D) Damage to the villi of the small intestine

Question 72

How do supplemental digestive enzymes assist in treating food allergies?

A) They cause the blood to become more alkaline which helps to relieve allergic symptoms.
B) They suppress the allergic response.
C) They break down food into smaller,less allergenic molecules.
D) They reduce the amount of histamine released by the body.

Question 73

Which of the following is a symptom of lactose intolerance?

A) Abdominal bloating
B) Diarrhea
C) Flatulence
D) Abdominal cramping
E) All of the above

Question 74

Which of the following risk factors contributes the most to the development of type 2 diabetes?

A) Smoking
B) High blood pressure
C) Lack of physical activity
D) Excess body weight

Question 75

Type 1 diabetes is caused by an inability of the body to

A) break down carbohydrates into glucose.
B) produce insulin.
C) break down fat.
D) store glycogen.

Question 76

Which of the following is not a common food allergen?

A) Milk
B) Apples
C) Eggs
D) Wheat

Question 77

All of the following are high in dietary cholesterol except:

A) Egg whites
B) Milk
C) Liver
D) Shellfish

Question 78

What type of nutrition therapy is typically used for a patient with a severe food allergy to peanuts?

A) Elimination diet
B) Rotation diet
C) Denaturation
D) Allergy injections

Question 79

Which of the following is recommended for the prevention and control of hypertension?

A) TLC eating plan
B) MyPlate eating plan
C) DASH eating plan
D) Exchange list system

Question 80

Which of the following foods is low in sodium?

A) Pickles
B) Fruit juice
C) Hot dogs
D) Canned soup