Deck 16: Urinalysis

Question 1

Polyuria may be caused by

A) excessive intake of fluids.
B) consumption of caffeine.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) taking a diuretic.
E) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

What odor does a urine specimen have if it has been allowed to stand at room temperature for long time?

A) Ammonia
B) Slightly aromatic
C) Fruity
D) Foul-smelling

Answer 2

Ammonia

Question 3

How much urine does the normal adult excrete each day?

A) 250-500 mL
B) 500-1,000 mL
C) 750-2,000 mL
D) 1-3 L

Answer 3

750-2,000 mL

Question 4

In the female,the urethra functions in

A) transporting urine.
B) controlling urine excretion.
C) balancing fluids and electrolytes.
D) transporting urine and reproductive secretions.
E) All of the above

Question 5

A urinalysis may be performed for all of the following except:

A) To diagnose a pathological condition
B) To treat a patient's condition
C) To screen a patient for the presence of disease
D) To evaluate the effectiveness of therapy
E) All of the above

Question 6

The presence of bile pigments in a urine specimen causes the specimen to be

A) light amber.
B) foul-smelling.
C) yellow-brown.
D) red.

Question 7

Which of the following does not result in oliguria?

A) Profuse perspiration
B) Vomiting
C) Diarrhea
D) Edema

Question 8

Which of the following tests requires a clean-catch midstream specimen?

A) Urine pregnancy testing
B) Microscopic examination of urine sediment
C) Urine drug testing
D) Urine culture

Question 9

The function of the urinary bladder is to

A) dilute toxic waste products.
B) store and expel urine.
C) reabsorb substances needed by the body.
D) regulate body metabolism.

Question 10

When collecting a clean-catch midstream urine specimen,a front-to-back motion is used to cleanse the urinary meatus to

A) avoid drawing microorganisms from the anal region into the area being cleansed.
B) avoid contaminating the distal urethra.
C) prevent patient discomfort during the cleansing process.
D) prevent the cleaning solution from irritating the urinary meatus.

Question 11

All of the following are functions of the urinary system except:

A) Removal of waste products from the blood
B) Regulation of the fluid balance of the body
C) Regulation of the temperature of the body
D) Regulation of the electrolyte balance of the body

Question 12

If a freshly voided specimen is cloudy,it means that

A) a urinary tract infection may be present.
B) the specimen has remained in the bladder too long.
C) nitrates are present in the specimen.
D) improper technique was used to collect the specimen.

Question 13

What is the term for the functional unit of the kidney?

A) Glomerulus
B) Ureter
C) Renal pelvis
D) Nephron

Question 14

When collecting a clean-catch midstream urine specimen,a small amount of urine is voided into the toilet before obtaining the specimen to

A) remove pathogens from the bladder.
B) ensure the collection of an adequate amount of urine.
C) prevent irritation of the urethra.
D) flush microorganisms out of the distal urethra.

Question 15

What is included in a complete urinalysis?

A) A physical examination of urine
B) A chemical examination of urine
C) Microscopic examination of urine sediment
D) All of the above

Question 16

A 24-hour urine specimen may be collected to

A) detect the presence of liver disease.
B) diagnose a UTI.
C) determine the cause of kidney stone formation.
D) determine if a patient has diabetes mellitus.

Question 17

Which of the following normally contains microorganisms?

A) Kidneys
B) Ureters
C) Urinary meatus
D) Urinary bladder

Question 18

The external opening of the urethra is known as the

A) urinary meatus.
B) urinary sphincter.
C) renal meatus.
D) external os.

Question 19

What does it mean if a urine specimen is light yellow?

A) White blood cells are present in the urine specimen.
B) The urine specimen does not contain many dissolved substances.
C) The pH of the urine specimen is slightly acidic.
D) Bacteria are present in the urine specimen.

Question 20

What occurs if a urine specimen is allowed to stand for more than 1 hour at room temperature?

A) It becomes cloudy.
B) The pH becomes more acidic.
C) The specific gravity decreases.
D) Pathogens are destroyed.

Question 21

After a urine culture has been inoculated,it must be

A) sprayed with a fixative.
B) placed in the refrigerator for 4-6 hours.
C) stored at room temperature for 8-12 hours.
D) incubated for 18-24 hours.

Question 22

Blood may normally be present in the urine because of

A) pregnancy.
B) cystitis.
C) menstruation.
D) vigorous physical exercise.

Question 23

Which of the following is usually found in the urine sediment of a patient with candidiasis?

A) Parasites
B) Yeast
C) Bacteria
D) Casts

Question 24

What effect does concentrated urine have on red blood cells?

A) It causes them to swell and become rounded.
B) It has no effect on them.
C) It causes them to shrink and become crenated.
D) It causes them to develop hypochromia.

Question 25

Which of the following represents an error in technique when testing a urine specimen with a reagent strip?

A) Using a freshly voided urine specimen
B) Touching the reagent areas with the fingers
C) Completely immersing the reagent areas in the urine specimen
D) Holding the reagent strip in a horizontal position when reading results
E) None of the above

Question 26

A pH reading of 8 means that the urine specimen is

A) acidic.
B) alkaline.
C) neutral.
D) contaminated.

Question 27

When a patient has a urinary tract infection,all of the following tests may be positive except:

A) Nitrite
B) Protein
C) Ketone bodies
D) Leukocytes

Question 28

How should urine reagent strips be stored?

A) In a cool area
B) In a dark container
C) In a dry area
D) With the cap tightly closed
E) All of the above

Question 29

Which of the following urine tests may be positive when a patient has undiagnosed diabetes mellitus?

A) Glucose
B) Protein
C) Nitrite
D) Bilirubin
E) All of the above

Question 30

What is the term for the presence of ketone bodies in the urine?

A) Acidosis
B) Alimentary glycosuria
C) Ketosis
D) Ketonuria

Question 31

Which of the following urine tests may be positive when a patient has hepatitis?

A) Glucose
B) Protein
C) Bilirubin
D) Ketone bodies

Question 32

Casts are formed

A) in the ureters.
B) in the lumen of the nephron tubules.
C) in the urinary bladder.
D) in Bowman's capsule.

Question 33

Which of the following substances is normally present in urine?

A) Ketones
B) Urea
C) Leukocytes
D) Bilirubin
E) All of the above

Question 34

Why is a first-voided morning specimen preferred for performing a microscopic examination of urine?

A) It is more dilute.
B) It contains more dissolved substances.
C) It contains more abnormal substances.
D) It contains fewer microorganisms.

Question 35

Which of the following test results indicates a concentrated urine specimen?

A) pH: 6
B) Red blood cells: 3/HPF
C) Protein: trace
D) Ketone bodies: +1
E) Specific gravity: 1.025

Question 36

When performing a microscopic examination of urine,the presence of how many white blood cells/HPF is considered normal?

A) 0-8
B) 0-15
C) 0-20
D) 2-6

Question 37

A urine culture is used in the diagnosis of

A) an injury to the urinary system.
B) kidney stones.
C) a urinary tract infection.
D) diabetes mellitus.

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative test result?

A) Trace
B) Small
C) 2+
D) 500 mg/dL
E) Positive

Question 39

The type of specimen that should be used to test for the presence of nitrite in the urine is

A) specimen that has been left standing at room temperature for one-half hour.
B) 24-hour urine specimen.
C) freshly voided random specimen.
D) first-voided morning specimen.

Question 40

The pH of most urine specimens is

A) acidic.
B) alkaline.
C) neutral.
D) negative.

Question 41

Which of the following represents an error in technique when performing a urine pregnancy test?

A) A clean specimen container is used to collect the specimen.
B) A first-voided morning specimen is used to run the test.
C) The urine specimen is at room temperature.
D) The specific gravity of the specimen is 1.003.
E) None of the above

Question 42

If the internal control of a urine pregnancy test does not perform as expected,the test results are interpreted as

A) invalid.
B) positive.
C) negative.
D) weakly reactive.

Question 43

What is the name of the hormone present only in the urine and blood of a pregnant woman?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) HCGH
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin
E) Testosterone