Deck 20: Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes

Question 1

Each diamond-shaped segment of a liverwort thallus contains a single

A) pore.
B) pair of guard cells.
C) chloroplast.
D) starch grain.
E) hydathode.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Structures with spiral thickenings that facilitate the release of spores from a liverwort capsule are

A) gemmae.
B) elaters.
C) spore mother cells.
D) spiroids.
E) spore-ejectors.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All members of the plant kingdom have ________.

A) multicellular embryos
B) egg cells surrounded by a jacket of sterile cells
C) oogamous sexual reproduction
D) life cycle that includes both gametophyte and sporophyte generations
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following bryophytes has a sporophyte with a meristem just above the foot?

A) "leafy" liverworts
B) thalloid liverworts
C) peat mosses
D) hornworts
E) rock mosses

Question 5

The transition from an aquatic environment to a terrestrial environment required the development of ________, which kept plants from drying out when exposed to air.

A) cuticle
B) photosynthesis
C) sexual reproduction
D) flagellated, motile cells
E) cell division

Question 6

The flattened appendages whose presence is hidden, when viewed from above, by two rows of partially overlapping "leaves" in "leafy" liverworts are called

A) underleaves.
B) flattened appendages.
C) plano-enations.
D) plattblatter.
E) plattefeuilles.

Question 7

Liverworts and hornworts are members of the

A) bryophytes.
B) Anthocerophyta.
C) Hepaticophyta.
D) Bryophyta.
E) vascular plants.

Question 8

The one-celled anchoring structures present on the lower surface of a thalloid liverwort are

A) roots.
B) rhizines.
C) rhizoids.
D) mycorrhizae.
E) trichomes.

Question 9

Bryophytes

A) have xylem and phloem.
B) all have relatively tiny "leaves."
C) produce their gametes in single-celled sex organs.
D) are mostly parasites of other plants.
E) need water present to undergo sexual reproduction.

Question 10

The mother cells within the sporangia on the sporophyte plant undergo ________ to produce spores.

A) fertilization
B) meiosis
C) mitosis
D) cell division
E) sexual reproduction

Question 11

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts all

A) have stomata.
B) produce plants of separate sexes.
C) have meristems.
D) produce spores.
E) reproduce asexually by means of gemmae.

Question 12

The pores and cavities of the thalli of liverworts are filled with

A) air.
B) mucilage.
C) nitrogen-fixing blue-green bacteria.
D) food-storage cells.
E) reproductive cells.

Question 13

Bryophytes have an alternation of generations in which the ________ is the dominant generation, unlike vascular plants where the ________ is the dominant generation.

A) sporophyte; gametophyte
B) gametophyte; haplophyte
C) gametophyte; sporophyte
D) sporophyte; diplophyte
E) sporophyte; sporophyte

Question 14

A unique feature of plants in the plant kingdom that is NOT shared with the green algae is ________.

A) chlorophyll a and b
B) cell walls primarily of cellulose
C) multicellular gametangia
D) primary food reserve stored as starch
E) All of these features are found in both the plant kingdom and green algae.

Question 15

The function of the gametangia on the gametophyte plant is to produce gametes by the process of

A) asexual reproduction.
B) sexual reproduction.
C) meiosis.
D) fragmentation.
E) mitosis.

Question 16

Growth in a thalloid liverwort is brought about by division of cells located

A) at the rear of the thallus.
B) underneath the thallus.
C) along the margins of the thallus.
D) at the apical notch.
E) along the polygonal segments.

Question 17

________ is a common thalloid liverwort.

A) Anthoceros
B) Mnium
C) Marchantia
D) Equisetum
E) Psilotum

Question 18

Archegoniophores and antheridiophores are features of

A) hornworts.
B) thalloid liverworts.
C) dung mosses.
D) peat mosses.
E) "leafy" liverworts.

Question 19

Which of the following are the lens-shaped pieces of tissue that are produced in cups on a liverwort thallus and become detached to develop independently?

A) "leaves"
B) buds
C) gemmae
D) protonemata
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 20

Which characters shared by members of Kingdom Plantae and Phylum Chlorophyta indicate that they share an ancient common ancestor?

A) chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the carotenoids
B) primary food reserve stored as starch
C) cell walls primarily cellulose
D) same means of forming the cell plate during cell division
E) All of these.

Question 21

Food-conducting cells present in some mosses are known as

A) hydroids.
B) leptoids.
C) sieve cells.
D) sieve-tube elements.
E) tracheoids.

Question 22

The bryophytes whose sporophytes have a central rodlike axis surrounded by spore mother cells above a basal meristem are

A) peat mosses.
B) true mosses.
C) bog mosses.
D) hornworts.
E) liverworts.

Question 23

A moss protonema

A) has the n number of chromosomes in each cell.
B) is a part of the sporophyte generation.
C) produces gametes.
D) is saprophytic like a fungus.
E) produces spores.

Question 24

Which of the following do "leaves" of mosses lack?

A) stomata
B) petioles
C) mesophyll
D) veins
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 25

Chloroplast number and the presence of pyrenoids in each chloroplast indicate that ________ are only distantly related to the other bryophyte groups.

A) leafy liverworts
B) hornworts
C) peat mosses
D) thalloid liverworts
E) bog mosses

Question 26

From an economic perspective the most important bryophytes are the

A) liverworts.
B) rock mosses.
C) peat mosses.
D) hornworts.
E) true mosses.

Question 27

Which of the following bryophytes are generally edible?

A) rock mosses
B) true mosses
C) peat mosses
D) liverworts
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 28

A moss calyptra

A) has cells with 2n chromosomes.
B) functions primarily in directly covering the peristome.
C) is part of the sporophyte.
D) is always present as the spores are released.
E) originates from the archegonium.

Question 29

The egg of a moss is produced within a cavity called a

A) ductlet.
B) vacuole.
C) venter.
D) capsule.
E) sporangium.

Question 30

Which of the following moss sporophyte structures has the most direct contact with the gametophyte?

A) operculum
B) peristome
C) foot
D) sporangium
E) seta

Question 31

A moss protonema

A) has diploid cells.
B) develops archegonia and antheridia.
C) produces paraphyses.
D) develops from a spore mother cell.
E) produces "leafy" buds.

Question 32

A hornwort sporophyte grows from its base by means of a meristem.

Question 33

The one or two rows of teeth that play a role in the release of spores from a moss capsule constitute the

A) peristome.
B) sporophyte.
C) gametophyte.
D) operculum.
E) calyptra.

Question 34

Which of the following are sterile hairs scattered among moss archegonia and antheridia?

A) rhizoids
B) paraphyses
C) mycorrhizae
D) moss processes
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 35

Most species of liverworts produce a flattened body called a thallus.

Question 36

Asexual reproduction in hornworts occurs through which of the following?

A) gemmae
B) buds
C) rhizomes
D) fragmentation or separation of lobes from the thallus
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 37

The ability of peat mosses to absorb water and their antiseptic qualities led to their use as ________ by early people.

A) bandages
B) cloth
C) packing for shipping
D) food
E) All of these were early uses of peat mosses.

Question 38

Peat mosses are currently harvested and used ________.

A) as soil additives to increase water retention
B) as soil additives to increase soil acidity
C) as packing material for live specimens
D) in the production of Scotch whisky
E) All of these are current uses for peat mosses.

Question 39

Which of the following is used commercially as a soil conditioner?

A) Marchantia
B) Mnium
C) Cladonia
D) Sphagnum
E) Polytrichum

Question 40

Which of the following structures is NOT found in all bryophytes?

A) archegonium
B) antheridium
C) peristome
D) zygotes
E) spore mother cells

Question 41

The elaters of liverworts and hornworts function in producing spores.

Question 42

Mosses and liverworts produce embryos that are contained in the archegonium.

Question 43

Hydroids are specialized water conducting cells in some mosses that resemble hollow tubes; however, most water travels up the outside of the plant by capillarity.

Question 44

"Peat" is a product derived from the dead parts of a moss.

Question 45

The three phyla in the bryophytes are thought to have been derived from a common ancestor.

Question 46

Rhizoids take up water through their xylem.

Question 47

The sporophytes of common thalloid liverworts develop suspended above the thallus in or on gametophores.

Question 48

None of the mosses has any economic importance.

Question 49

Bryophyte zygotes develop into embryos.

Question 50

Capsules of mosses normally have xylem tissue.

Question 51

A peat moss can absorb water many times its weight.

Question 52

Most mosses reproduce asexually by means of gemmae.

Question 53

Since the sperm of mosses are not flagellated, mosses can grow in dry habitats.

Question 54

Mosses are found in several different phyla.

Question 55

An operculum is a part of the sporophyte generation of a moss.

Question 56

Paraphyses are sterile hairs found in mosses.

Question 57

Meiosis takes place in the stem of mosses.

Question 58

Hornworts reproduce asexually as a result of lobes of the thallus becoming separated.

Question 59

Zygotes of members of the Plant Kingdom develop into embryos.