Deck 18: Kingdom Protista

Question 1

The cells of which of the following are diploid?

A) Ulothrix holdfast
B) Chlamydomonas cells
C) Spirogyra filament cells
D) Oedogonium filament cells
E) diatom cells

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which genus has some species that have separate female and male filaments with the male filament being dwarf?

A) Ulothrix
B) Spirogyra
C) Oedogonium
D) Chlamydomonas
E) dinoflagellates

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Algae and plants that become attached to other organisms without parasitizing them are termed

A) epiphytes.
B) lichens.
C) bryophytes.
D) symbionts.
E) subleechophytes.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Algae populations are often commonly observed in aquatic or moist environments. They have many common names, including ________.

A) seaweeds
B) pond scum
C) fish tank films
D) "green" swimming pools
E) All of these may be used to refer to populations of algae.

Question 5

Diatom zygotes that are capable of rapidly increasing in size are

A) aplanospores.
B) statospores.
C) ascospores.
D) auxospores.
E) endospores.

Question 6

Which of the following is the type of sexual reproduction shown by Spirogyra?

A) oogamy
B) conjugation
C) isogamy
D) heterogamy
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 7

Stoneworts and Oedogonium are both

A) isogamous.
B) less complex in structure than Chlamydomonas or Ulothrix.
C) strictly asexual in reproduction.
D) attached to substrates by means of holdfasts.
E) oogamous.

Question 8

Proteinaceous structures located on algal chloroplasts and thought to contain enzymes associated with the synthesis of starch are

A) pyrenoids.
B) amyloplasts.
C) beltian bodies.
D) statoliths.
E) druses.

Question 9

Chlamydomonas cells and Ulothrix zoospores both have

A) contractile vacuoles.
B) ribbonlike chloroplasts.
C) conjugation tubes.
D) paramylon.
E) a pellicle.

Question 10

In a green alga such as Chlamydomonas, which of the following would you NOT expect to find?

A) pyrenoids
B) chlorophyll d
C) eyespot
D) starch
E) flagella

Question 11

The brownish pigment found in both brown algae and diatoms is

A) chrysolaminarin.
B) fucoxanthin.
C) paramylon.
D) bryopsidin.
E) madder.

Question 12

Single-celled algae found in fresh or marine waters are

A) kelps.
B) phytoplankton.
C) macroalgae.
D) cyanobacteria.
E) chlorophytes.

Question 13

Algae are placed into phyla based on their

A) pigment forms.
B) cell wall composition.
C) stored carbohydrates.
D) habitat.
E) Pigment forms, cell wall composition, and stored carbohydrates are correct.

Question 14

To which phylum of algae do desmids and mermaid's wineglass belong?

A) green algae
B) golden-brown algae
C) dinoflagellates
D) brown algae
E) red algae

Question 15

Which of the following do the green algae Chlamydomonas and Oedogonium have in common?

A) eggs
B) sperms
C) zygotes
D) zoospores with numerous flagella
E) vegetative and reproductive cells of similar size and shape

Question 16

Which of the following do Spirogyra and Ulothrix have in common?

A) holdfasts
B) zoospores
C) bracelet-shaped chloroplasts
D) conjugation tubes
E) a nucleus in each cell

Question 17

The Kingdom Protista is characterized as having ________, making it the most diverse of the eukaryotic kingdoms.

A) plant-like algae
B) animal-like zooplankton
C) fungal-like slime molds
D) oomycetes
E) All of these are found in the Kingdom Protista.

Question 18

Which of the following sometimes, if not always, have an eyespot in their cells?

A) Chlamydomonas
B) dinoflagellates
C) euglenoids
D) Ulothrix zoospores
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following reproduces asexually primarily by fragmentation?

A) Ulothrix
B) Chlamydomonas
C) Oedogonium
D) Spirogyra
E) Ulva

Question 20

Which of the following exhibit isogamous reproduction?

A) water nets (Hydrodictyon)
B) Chlamydomonas
C) mermaid's wineglass (Acetabularia)
D) Ulothrix
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 21

Which of the following economically important products come(s) from diatoms?

A) algin
B) agar
C) jelly beans
D) human food
E) polishes and reflectorized paint

Question 22

The organisms whose chromosomes remain condensed and visible throughout the life of the cells are

A) euglenoids.
B) brown algae.
C) dinoflagellates.
D) red algae.
E) golden-brown algae.

Question 23

In which of the following algal groups is the whole organism (not just the reproductive cells) motile (capable of moving)?

A) kelps
B) stoneworts
C) diatoms
D) red seaweeds
E) Spirogyra species

Question 24

Although algae are found almost everywhere, the seaweeds that are most frequently found in warmer ocean waters belong to the phylum commonly known as

A) green algae.
B) golden-brown algae.
C) dinoflagellates.
D) brown algae.
E) red algae.

Question 25

No unicellular or colonial representatives of the ________ algae have been found to date.

A) green algae
B) diatoms
C) brown algae
D) dinoflagellates
E) euglenoids

Question 26

Brown algae, diatoms, and yellow green algae are all classified in the phylum ________ based on shared features such as pigments, storage materials, and reproductive characters.

A) Chlorophyta
B) Chromophyta
C) Rhodophyta
D) Dinophyta
E) Charophyta

Question 27

The function of a holdfast present in some species of brown algae is to

A) anchor the the alga to rocks on the bottom of the ocean.
B) absorb nutrients from the ocean bottom and conduct them to the upper portions of the thallus.
C) carry out photosynthesis.
D) buoyed up the thallus so that it can get light for photosynthesis.
E) All of these are functions of a holdfast.

Question 28

The pigments that give red algae their characteristic colors are

A) anthocyanins.
B) phycobilins.
C) carotenes.
D) xanthophylls.
E) rhodopsins.

Question 29

Fossil diatom cell walls form deposits of diatomaceous earth, which is mined for use in: ________.

A) swimming pool filters
B) silver and metal polishes for fine jewelry
C) toothpaste
D) controlling slugs in gardens
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 30

A gullet or groove through which food can be ingested is a feature of

A) diatoms.
B) dinoflagellates.
C) Chlamydomonas.
D) euglenoids.
E) desmids.

Question 31

Which algal group has silicon dioxide as part of the cell wall?

A) Dinoflagellates
B) Euglenoids
C) Diatoms
D) Desmids
E) Cryptomonads

Question 32

Euglena differs from most green algae in having

A) a flexible cell "wall."
B) a carbohydrate food reserve.
C) two kinds of chlorophyll pigments.
D) a glasslike, rigid cell wall.
E) two long functional flagella.

Question 33

The algae most responsible for bioluminescence in tropical ocean waters are

A) red algae.
B) diatoms.
C) brown algae.
D) dinoflagellates.
E) euglenoids.

Question 34

Which statement about the toxin associated with the red tide is INCORRECT?

A) The toxin and the red tide are produced by a sudden and rapid increase in dinoflagellates.
B) The fishing industry is adversely affected by the red tide and the toxin because it kills fish, clams, and contaminates shellfish used for human consumption.
C) The frequency of the red tide and its geographic range has widened since the 1970s.
D) The same toxin is produced by blooms of the blue-green bacteria and is responsible for the fishy-smell of oceans.
E) The toxin may move up the food chain, killing or sicken any organism that eats the dinoflagellates or the contaminated shellfish.

Question 35

In the common rockweed Fucus, the spherical chambers in which gametangia are produced are called

A) oogonia.
B) antheridia.
C) receptacles.
D) spermatangia.
E) conceptacles.

Question 36

Instead of a cell wall, this group of algae have a proteinaceous layer called the pellicle.

A) lichens
B) green algae
C) kelps
D) euglenoids
E) diatoms

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a carbohydrate food reserve of algae?

A) paramylon
B) laminarin
C) cyanophycin
D) chrysolaminarin
E) floridean starch

Question 38

Which of the following algae have reproductive cells that are unique in having the flagella inserted laterally (on the sides of the cells)?

A) green algae
B) red algae
C) golden-brown algae
D) brown algae
E) euglenoids

Question 39

In the red alga Polysiphonia, meiosis takes place within

A) tetrasporophytes.
B) male thalli.
C) female thalli.
D) carposporangia.
E) spermatangia.

Question 40

Which of the following commercially important products comes from red algae?

A) funori
B) carrageenan
C) oriental food
D) agar
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 41

Statospores are ornamented "resting" spores found in red algae.

Question 42

The naked protoplast of a slime mold is the ________.

A) plasmodium
B) fruiting body
C) plasmolyte
D) hyphae
E) sporulum

Question 43

A slime mold with individual amoebalike cells that never are in true plasmodia belongs to a small group known as ________.

A) coenocytic slime molds
B) amoeboid slime molds
C) chytridian slime molds
D) cellular slime molds
E) capillitial slime molds

Question 44

Historically algae has been used as food for people in coastal populations, but some species of ________ are now being grown commercially for food use. Sushi wrappers may be made from this algae.

A) green algae
B) dinoflagellates
C) red algae
D) stoneworts
E) euglenophytes

Question 45

Green algae have pigments similar to those of flowering plants.

Question 46

Downy mildew of grapes and late blight of potato are two diseases caused by ________.

A) water molds
B) bread molds
C) cup (sac) fungi
D) club fungi
E) imperfect fungi

Question 47

Most phyla of algae have carbohydrate reserves that are unique to the phylum.

Question 48

This substance which is extracted from brown algae, is used as a stabilizer for ice cream and chocolate milk, and as an emulsifier in paints and cosmetics.

A) agar
B) algin
C) fucoxanthin
D) carrageenan
E) cellulite

Question 49

Red algae cause red tides.

Question 50

Filamentous algae increase in length through cell division.

Question 51

A structure in which eggs are produced in algae is called an antheridium.

Question 52

The fungal-like protists include which of the following organisms?

A) cryptomonads
B) slime molds and cellular slime molds
C) haptophytes
D) stoneworts
E) All of these are fungal-like protists.

Question 53

Algin is used primarily by medical laboratories for culturing bacteria.

Question 54

If you found Ulothrix and Spirogyra in a stream and neither was reproducing, the only way you could tell them apart would be from the shape of their chloroplasts.

Question 55

In Chlamydomonas, the cells involved in sexual reproduction are similar in appearance to those involved in asexual reproduction.

Question 56

Which of the following do sexually reproducing water molds and Oedogonium have in common?

A) conidia
B) coenocytic hyphae
C) oogonia and antheridia
D) ascocarps and basidiocarps
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 57

Euglenoids may obtain their food either by photosynthesis or by feeding like animals.

Question 58

When a slime mold spore germinates, the active cell that emerges is known as either a myxamoeba or a ________.

A) myxospore
B) swarm cell
C) amoebospore
D) pseudoplasmodium
E) zoospore

Question 59

Two of the most ecologically and/or economically damaging plant diseases are caused by the watermolds. These diseases are: ________.

A) tobacco mosaic disease and bean yellows
B) wheat rust and wheat scab
C) downy mildew of grapes and late blight of potato
D) corn blight and corn smut
E) athlete's foot and swimmer's itch

Question 60

The reproductive cells of Spirogyra have no flagella.

Question 61

The gametangia of the common rockweed, Fucus, develop at the tips of the thallus branches.

Question 62

A thallus is a multicellular flattened algal body that arises from two different planes of cell division. A filament is also a multicellular algal body but it arises from one plane of cell division that is perpendicular to the long axis of the filament.

Question 63

The plant kingdom is considered to be most closely related to the Chlorophyta, as compared to the other algae phyla.

Question 64

The brownish pigment fucoxanthin is found in both diatoms and brown algae.

Question 65

The largest algae are members of the brown alga family in the phylum Chromophyta.

Question 66

Spirogyra was so-named because of the spiral shape of its chloroplasts.

Question 67

Except for vitamin C, Chlorella contains most of the vitamins needed in human nutrition, giving it the potential for becoming an important protein source in many parts of the world.

Question 68

The brown algae include the largest known seaweeds.

Question 69

Euglena is a unicellular protist which has a gullet for ingesting food even though it has a chloroplast for photosynthesis.

Question 70

The green algae contain the smallest number of species of all the algal divisions.

Question 71

Brown algae are the principal source of agar.

Question 72

The Kingdom Protista is considered to have the greatest diversity of all four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya.