Deck 4: Independence

Question 1

What happened to the many men of color who participated in the wars of independence?

A) They lost their freedom and continued to work on farms.
B) They were paid large amounts of money and granted workers.
C) They became honored war heroes.
D) They were not allowed to fight in the wars.

Answer 1

They became honored war heroes.

Question 2

What happened to Father Hidalgo after being captured by the Spanish authorities?

A) He was deported to Spain and sentenced to life in prison.
B) He was executed.
C) He was excommunicated and expelled from Mexico.
D) He was pardoned in exchange for repenting publicly.

Answer 2

He was executed.

Question 3

Many indigenous people participated in the wars of independence. With which of the following factions did they align themselves?

A) mainly with the Spanish
B) mainly with the Creoles
C) Since they did not have much at stake, they decided based on their personal circumstances.
D) They promoted a truce between the two factions.

Answer 3

Since they did not have much at stake, they decided based on their personal circumstances.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the main purpose behind the independence movements in Latin America?

A) The leaders of the independence movements wanted a more egalitarian society where all, including people of African descent and indigenous people, could rule.
B) The leaders of the independence movements wanted to become independent from Spain but did not want to change the social hierarchies in place.
C) The leaders of the independence movements searched for a society with a more respectful monarchy and greater freedom for all.
D) The leaders of the independence movements envisioned a society without a strong central government.

Question 5

In the context of Latin American independence, what does nativism mean?

A) a convenient mechanism for indigenous people to join the winning armies
B) a glorification of indigenous people's identity
C) a claim to an American identity
D) a strategy that united all Spaniards against foreigners

Question 6

The movements for independence in Buenos Aires and Caracas were

A) movements started by the common people "revolutions from below").
B) movements started by well-educated Creole elites "revolutions from above").
C) movements started by the Spanish royal officials themselves.
D) spontaneous movements in which Creoles and the common people participated in equal proportions.

Question 7

What statement best describes what took place in most Latin American nations after winning independence?

A) Most Latin American nations changed dramatically.
B) Most Latin American nations remained exactly the same.
C) Most Latin American nations did not change much but did change in terms of racial labeling practices.
D) Most Latin American nations concentrated on transforming their military forces and not on promoting sociocultural transformations.

Question 8

Napoleon's invasion of Portugal was the result of

A) Portugal's refusal to close its ports and declare war on Spain.
B) Portugal's refusal to close its ports and declare war on England.
C) Portugal's refusal to stop trading with the Netherlands.
D) Portugal's refusal to stop trading with Spain.

Question 9

After independence, both Mexico and Brazil

A) organized stable empires.
B) organized stable republics.
C) maintained social hierarchies almost intact.
D) introduced radical changes to social hierarchies.

Question 10

Which of the following statements best characterizes the colonial period?

A) It was a period of continued and overall stability.
B) It was a chaotic period.
C) It was a period in which everybody prospered.
D) It was a period with no economic distress.

Question 11

What happened to the women that participated in the wars of independence?

A) They became powerful symbols.
B) We do not know anything about them.
C) Most of them died in battle.
D) People were, and continue to be, indifferent to them.

Question 12

Simón Bolívar fought to liberate several countries in Latin America. Which of the following countries were liberated by Bolívar?

A) Mexico and Peru
B) Argentina and Paraguay
C) Colombia and Venezuela
D) Argentina and Mexico

Question 13

How did things change for Latin American women when independence was achieved?

A) Women achieved greater equality with men.
B) Women witnessed the continuation of patriarchal control in postcolonial days.
C) Women gained immediate access to administrative jobs.
D) Women were all killed and could not enjoy gender equality.

Question 14

How did Father Miguel Hidalgo manage to mobilize such a large contingent of indigenous support for his cause?

A) by giving a very eloquent sermon
B) using the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe, a widely revered icon
C) offering economic rewards
D) through using force

Question 15

What statement best characterizes Brazil's independence?

A) It was fiercely fought over.
B) It was achieved without mass military mobilization.
C) It was ordered by the Portuguese Emperor.
D) It was gained due to French support and intervention.

Question 16

Which country did slaves take control of after independence?

A) Mexico
B) Haiti
C) Venezuela
D) Cuba

Question 17

Father José María Morelos followed Hidalgo as a leader of Mexico's movement for independence. What ideas did he promote?

A) that slavery needed to continue because of its economic benefits
B) the end of the caste system
C) the importance of tribute
D) the importance of the encomienda

Question 18

What was the most important ideological banner used by the leaders during the wars of independence in Latin America?

A) republican government
B) capitalism
C) popular sovereignty
D) equality against the law

Question 19

Which two colonies did not declare their independence during the 1800s?

A) Cuba and Puerto Rico
B) Cuba and Dominican Republic
C) Puerto Rico and Uruguay
D) Argentina and Brazil

Question 20

What was the outcome of Brazil's fight for independence in 1822?

A) the establishment of the largest republic in Latin America at the time
B) the formation of a constitutional empire
C) the organization of a federal protectorate under the Portuguese
D) the beginning of a long civil war

Question 21

What did the leaders of the independence movements do after declaring their countries independent nations?

A) They quickly changed all colonial laws and promoted a new social organization.
B) They kept all languages and laws of the colonizers.
C) They called for elections.
D) They formed political parties.

Question 22

How did the Portuguese Crown react when Napoleon invaded Portugal?

A) They fought Napoleon and won the war.
B) They moved to Brazil.
C) They accepted Napoleon as the new ruler.
D) They abdicated the throne giving all power to Napoleon.

Question 23

In Latin America, did most colonial subjects accept the legitimacy of the Spanish monarchy?

A) Yes, the Monarchy was widely recognized as legitimate rulers.
B) No, they mostly wanted the Monarchy gone.
C) No, they did not believe the Monarch ruled by divine right.
D) Yes, but only at a superficial level.

Question 24

Which of the following statements best defines nativism?

A) Nativists means that everyone who had lived in Spanish America should fight for its independence.
B) It shows a profound dislike against Brazilians.
C) Americanos!
D) Nativism was a movement led by indigenous people.

Question 25

Who are the Creoles?

A) Creoles are equal to mestizos.
B) Spanish born in Spain
C) people of mixed races born in Spanish America
D) whites of Spanish descent born in Spanish America