Deck 7: Respecting Employee Diversity

Question 1

The organizational dimension of diversity primary deals with ______.

A) preference for interaction style with others
B) employment characteristics
C) leadership style
D) membership in cultural institutions

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is an example of a permanent dimension factor of diversity?

A) hierarchical status
B) physical ability
C) weight
D) ethnicity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Other than national heritage, what factor was of primary consideration when Caucasian males hired other Caucasian males prior to 1964?

A) income level
B) religious group
C) experience
D) geography

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What demographic shift is projected for the United States by 2044?

A) Caucasians will be make up less than 50 percent of the population.
B) Caucasians will become a minority.
C) African Americans will become the most populous minority.
D) Asian Americans will become the most populous minority.

Question 5

How does the text define "fairness"?

A) making decisions according to rules not based on personal biases
B) treating everyone with dignity
C) equal distribution of scarce resources
D) making fair distinctions among possible options

Question 6

A new employee is hired and discovers that she is the first employee who does not match the characteristics of the dominant social group. Given the typical reported experiences of others, what can this new employee likely expect?

A) jealousy by others of the dominant social group
B) early termination
C) special privileged treatment by others
D) less respect from others

Question 7

What are the four unique dimensions of diversity?

A) learning style, communication style, relational, and physical
B) cultural, ethnic, organizational, and relational
C) race, gender, personality, and cultural
D) permanent, evolving, personality, and organizational

Question 8

A manager has just hired a new employee and knows this employee scored as "judger" in one component of the MBTI. Based on this, the employee would likely be most comfortable with ______.

A) learning by feeling out each task or procedure
B) general separation from other coworkers
C) tasks that are mostly completed individually
D) a tightly planned daily work schedule

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the current status (as of 2014) of legal and illegal immigration in the United States is accurate?

A) Relatively few undocumented workers in the U.S. have children.
B) Illegal workers take a roughly even mix of low-skilled and high-skilled jobs.
C) Several western states had the highest percentage of undocumented workers.
D) The majority of illegal residents in the U.S. are not in the workforce.

Question 10

When we prejudge someone, it is usually a reaction to ______.

A) that person's race
B) our experience with others
C) our insecurities
D) our perception of a diversity factor

Question 11

How did the Emergency Quota Act affect immigration into the United States?

A) It initiated a government program that encouraged immigration for employment purposes.
B) It made a fluctuating proportion of immigrants legal and made the rest entering the country illegal.
C) It made all immigration illegal for several decades.
D) It legalized immigration for people of specific ethnicities and nationalities.

Question 12

Charvi is an Indian woman who works as a schoolteacher and is newly divorced. When she forms a social coalition, what are the two most predictable characteristics of other members of that group?

A) female and schoolteachers
B) Indian and female
C) schoolteachers and Indian
D) divorced and female

Question 13

Which of the following would the self-categorization theory predict?

A) In her social life, Gina most identifies herself as a great dancer.
B) At work, Ash most identifies himself with those of his race.
C) At school, Samir most identifies himself with his chosen course of study.
D) At home, Hernan most identifies himself with the neighborhood he grew up in.

Question 14

What was accomplished by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A) elimination of discriminatory requirements for the presidency
B) formal codification of the employment-at-will doctrine
C) elimination of employment discrimination based on many permanent diversity factors
D) elimination of employment discrimination based on all permanent diversity factors

Question 15

A Jewish man in the U.S. in the 1920s is employed by a small business owner who operated his hiring practices by the employment-at-will doctrine. If the owner discovers his employee is Jewish and chooses to fire him for that reason, what does this doctrine say?

A) The man can be openly and legally fired for being Jewish.
B) The man can be fired, but the owner must offer a nonethnic or nonreligious explanation.
C) The man can be asked to leave, but he has the right to stay on despite obvious discrimination and poor treatment.
D) The man is free to leave employment at any time voluntarily.

Question 16

African slaves made up what percentage of the population of the United States at its inception?

A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 20 percent

Question 17

In helping to determine personality, how does the MBTI differ from the "Big Five Personality Model"?

A) It is specifically attuned to work/employment style.
B) It is more sensitive with respect to race and gender.
C) It is less concerned with introversion/extroversion factors.
D) It includes dimensions like openness to experience.

Question 18

Based on EEOC records, which of the following statements about discrimination in the workplace in 2016 is accurate?

A) Racial discrimination made up some 70 percent of total filings and complaints related to discrimination.
B) A little over 20,000 inquiries or complaints about discrimination in the workplace were received.
C) U.S. companies paid hundreds of million dollars in penalties and fines based on discrimination complaints and lawsuits.
D) Most discrimination filings and inquiries were rejected by the EEOC.

Question 19

Initial conflict between the indigenous peoples in the Americas and Europeans can best be explained by which ethical theory?

A) social group relativism
B) cultural relativism
C) egoism
D) utilitarianism

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the growth of diversity in the Americas and the United States is accurate?

A) All of the Americas' transformation from indigenous to nonindigenous population occurred through waves of new immigrants seeking to improve their living conditions.
B) Early European national colonies welcomed only their own nationals for settlement.
C) The 1800s were marked primarily by growth of native populations with very little immigration.
D) The 1800s saw very little increase in the religious diversity.

Question 21

What was left out of the PDA protections and had to be addressed through later legislation?

A) a requirement that the employer make accommodations for a pregnant mother on the job
B) the requirement that a mother is entitled to the same or an equivalent job after leave
C) a requirement for sufficient leave to be granted
D) a requirement that pregnant mothers must not be treated rudely

Question 22

Which of the following is most likely to trigger a reverse discrimination lawsuit?

A) the promotion of a woman to CEO
B) an affirmative action program
C) a discrimination-based fine levied by the EEOC
D) a voluntary training program that has attracted mostly minority employees

Question 23

Even after the PDA passed, an employer is not required to modify a pregnant employee's tasks and assignments if ______.

A) the modification would cost the company money
B) the modification would place extreme cost and difficulty on the company
C) the company already has a healthy employee who can take on the extra duties
D) other employees volunteer to help out with the pregnant employee's duties

Question 24

Harun is a newly arrived legal immigrant to the United States and secures a new job quickly. But he is soon fired from the new job based on a factor related to his race or ethnicity. Which of the following reasons might his new employer have used that is not considered illegal discrimination?

A) The customer base of the business vastly prefers Caucasian employees and the business would suffer with Harun.
B) Harun's English skills are not good enough to perform the job required.
C) Harun's country of national origin has been placed on a terrorist watch list by the United States.
D) Other employees have shown a strong dislike for Harun, to a degree that is affecting the business.

Question 25

What diversity factor did the EEOC add to its discrimination definitions in 2016?

A) gender
B) age
C) intellectual disability
D) LGBT

Question 26

Maria is eight months pregnant and still working at her position as a school administrator. Since passage of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, Maria should be entitled to changes in her workflow commensurate with someone who ______.

A) has a temporary disability
B) has a learning disability
C) is incapable of performing basic tasks
D) has suffered a debilitating illness

Question 27

Which of the following might be an example of the "glass ceiling" at work?

A) Several employees aged sixty or higher were passed over for promotions in favor of younger coworkers.
B) An affirmative action program was challenged and defeated at the Supreme Court level.
C) Only 20 percent of African-American employees at a law firm received promotions in a given year.
D) Only 10 percent of executives at a major corporation are women.

Question 28

What is the root cause for the existence of most racial and ethnic stereotypes?

A) income distribution
B) segregation
C) legal requirements
D) employment preferences

Question 29

Which of the following is most likely to file a reverse discrimination lawsuit?

A) an African American male
B) a Caucasian male
C) a Caucasian female
D) a Latino male

Question 30

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed primarily to deal with discrimination based on what factor?

A) gender
B) race
C) age
D) ethnicity

Question 31

An employer has refused a new employee's request for a specific accommodation for his religious practice at work because it would cause undue hardship. Which of the following explanations would justify this from a legal standpoint?

A) The accommodation costs about $60 to set up.
B) A number of customers remark directly about their discomfort with the accommodation.
C) The accommodation causes a significant reduction in work productivity for the employee's department.
D) The accommodation makes several other employees uncomfortable.

Question 32

What religious category in the United States increased its percentage of the population by the largest amount between 2007 and 2014?

A) no religion
B) Christian
C) Muslim
D) Jewish

Question 33

Which of the following types of jobs is a woman most likely to be denied based on stereotypes against women?

A) a physically demanding job
B) a support staff job to upper management
C) a job that requires extensive communication
D) a records-keeping job

Question 34

The average full-time working woman earns less than the average full-time working man in the United States. What is a common nondiscrimination explanation for this discrepancy?

A) Women customers prefer women employees, and women customers have less purchasing power overall.
B) Women are at a disadvantage in salary negotiations because they most often must negotiate against men.
C) Women are forced into less-demanding jobs because of the needs of childcare.
D) Women more often choose to work for smaller companies that have lower pay scales.

Question 35

Which of the following is something an employer could require of employees in the United States?

A) Force employees to participate in an office Christmas celebration.
B) Ban employees from wearing Muslim headscarves but allow one to wear a Jewish yarmulke.
C) Ban employees from wearing Muslim headscarves.
D) Disallow all employees from decorating their office spaces for religious holidays.

Question 36

Which of the following is a pregnant or new mother not entitled to through the Family and Medical Leave Act or PDA?

A) job security through leave
B) employer health care during leave
C) 12 weeks of leave per year
D) paid leave

Question 37

How does protection against discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation in the United States differ from protection against discrimination based on age or alcoholism?

A) Protection exists but is not enforced.
B) There is federal legislative protection but no federal executive protection.
C) There is federal legislative protection but no state legislative protection.
D) There is federal executive protection but no federal legislative protection.

Question 38

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 does not provide protections based on age with respect to ______.

A) promotions
B) hiring
C) dismissals
D) job assignments

Question 39

Which of the following statements about racial discrimination in the United States is accurate?

A) A business' welfare takes precedence over the laws against discrimination based on race or ethnicity.
B) Around half of the civilian labor force in the United States is Caucasian.
C) National origin prohibitions on discrimination do not include the person's native language.
D) Discrimination against customers on the basis of race or ethnicity can be a problem.

Question 40

Which of the following best describes what research has shown about the job performance of older employees?

A) There are no discovered negatives in job productivity, but several positives have been found.
B) Older employees demonstrated some loss in job productivity, but it was made up for by other positives, such as leadership qualities.
C) A slight decline in job productivity and performance was found across a range of factors.
D) A major decline in job productivity and performance was found across a range of factors.

Question 41

According to the text, harassment is based ______.

A) on a wide range of possible factors
B) primarily on unwanted sexual advance
C) primarily on power relationships between employee and supervisor
D) primarily on race

Question 42

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment in the workplace is accurate?

A) Some EEOC filings involve sexual harassment of males by other males for being too feminine.
B) The most common target of sexual harassment is a woman executive.
C) The single common criteria for sexual harassment to occur is when a quid-pro-quo condition of employment is present.
D) Texting lewd photos has not yet risen to the level of sexual harassment.

Question 43

In terms of implementing a diversity initiative, a "change agent" differs from the typical manager in that the change agent ______.

A) works more one-on-one to improve diversity
B) has authority over diversity initiatives for the entire organization
C) has firing authority to remove negative elements
D) is exclusively a human resources department individual

Question 44

What is the problem with reliance on government regulation as a protection against diversity discrimination?

A) It has steadily declined in comprehensiveness as a means of protecting workers against discrimination.
B) It generally fails to protect individuals or result in monetary damages for victims.
C) It is fear-based; managers should take proactive steps to improve diversity.
D) It rarely motivates managers to take steps to protect workers from discrimination.

Question 45

What first step should managers take if they want to improve an organizations' diversity profile and procedures?

A) Disseminate literature about the importance of diversity.
B) Assess the organization's current diversity status.
C) Write a code of ethics that incorporates diversity.
D) Terminate employees with poor diversity records.

Question 46

What percentage of millennials self-identify as LGBT (as of 2016?)

A) 7.3 percent
B) 3.1 percent
C) 11.6 percent
D) 14.5 percent

Question 47

Kamil needs to reduce the size of his company's workforce. He does not use diversity as a criterion for dismissals and does not target diverse employees, but the effect of the layoffs is to reduce diversity in the company. What criterion did Kamil most likely use when dismissing employees?

A) age
B) gender
C) performance
D) seniority (firing newest employees)

Question 48

An employer hears rumors among his staff that one of the female employees in his company is receiving unwanted advances from a coworker, but he never witnesses this publicly. Later, the woman resigns and seeks legal recourse for the harassment. Who is legally liable?

A) the harasser and the employer
B) the harasser only
C) the employer only
D) no one, unless a jury decides it is so

Question 49

If following the EEOC best practice diversity recommendations, what would an organization do with respect to performance appraisals?

A) Link dismissals to diversity goals.
B) Create financial incentives for diversity goals.
C) Increase rate of appraisals for diverse employees.
D) Increase rate of appraisals for Caucasian males.

Question 50

Which of the following is most likely to be a dominant group diverse characteristic in a large corporation today?

A) female
B) Caucasian
C) over 60
D) Jewish

Question 51

What is the most frequent alleged basis for discrimination and most common finding in the federal sector?

A) race
B) retaliation
C) sexual orientation
D) age discrimination

Question 52

In which of the following scenarios would a person with a disability not be legally protected from dismissal?

A) A blind person requires the company to buy software that modifies her computer so she can operate it by voice.
B) A person with a physical disability requires a modified work schedule to complete tasks.
C) An alcoholic who is getting treatment is unable to improve job performance, which declines steadily.
D) A person's disability makes other employees uncomfortable.

Question 53

Why does the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommend against businesses providing separate bathrooms for transgender individuals?

A) It would constitute special treatment.
B) It would represent an undue burden on businesses.
C) It would stigmatize them.
D) It would embolden hate groups.

Question 54

In which of the following ways does sexual harassment differ from sexual orientation discrimination?

A) There is no legal recourse for those suffering from sexual harassment.
B) Sexual harassment may occur between same-level employees.
C) There is no official federal protection against sexual harassment.
D) Sexual harassment happens equally against men and women.

Question 55

Which of the following best describes the recommended first method for implementing a diversity initiative (as part of the 10-step method)?

A) Create a sense of concern over potential lost revenue from diversity lawsuits.
B) Highlight the contributions of current diverse employees.
C) Make a moral case for implementing diversity initiatives.
D) Make a competitive business-oriented case for implementing diversity initiatives.

Question 56

Kalil is a new CEO at a company that he discovers has very little in the way of proactive antidiscrimination policies and procedures. What is a monetary reason for him to implement such procedures?

A) less cost from dealing with claims and litigation
B) the ability to hire more workers who have lower salaries
C) to save money on costly ethics training workshops
D) to gain more federal grant money for employees with disabilities

Question 57

An executive looking to save her company money cuts the employee workforce by targeting mid-level employees who have particularly high salaries. What type of discrimination might this end up looking like, even if it isn't intended?

A) age discrimination
B) gender discrimination
C) racial or ethnicity discrimination
D) disability discrimination

Question 58

Which of the following statements about the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) is accurate?

A) It has not yet passed and currently provides no protection.
B) It currently protects persons who are LGBT from job discrimination.
C) It currently protects persons who are LGBT only from discrimination during employment.
D) It currently protects persons from gender identity discrimination but not sexual orientation discrimination.

Question 59

An employee witnesses a coworker make fun of another coworker's clothing. The target of the insult was clearly hurt by it, but both parties went on with their workday and the subject did not come again. What should the employee who witnessed the incident do?

A) Intervene and try to negotiate a solution.
B) Nothing; no pattern has been established.
C) Watch the employees to see if it happens again.
D) Mention the incident to a relevant supervisor.

Question 60

Which of the following qualifies as "develop enabling processes" in terms of the text's 10-step diversity initiative?

A) Respect previous diversity initiatives.
B) Develop long- and short-term goals.
C) Gather relevant historical data about progress.
D) Train specific individuals to manage the change process.

Question 61

How does the sexual harassment diversity training exercise seek to improve awareness about sexual harassment with participants?

A) Participants discuss hypothetical sexual harassment scenarios in small groups.
B) Participants journal about their own experiences.
C) Participants role-play hypothetical scenarios.
D) Victims of sexual harassment speak about their experiences.

Question 62

In a diversity training workshop, what kinds of industry examples should be presented to participants?

A) most profitable industries regardless of diversity level
B) industries that no longer exist due to diversity problems
C) only best practices
D) both best practices and problems that have had costs

Question 63

Which of the following is TRUE of the communication styles developed by Rhonda Hilyer?

A) An individual with one dominant style cannot communicate effectively with someone who has a different style.
B) An individual can exhibit two styles at most.
C) Individuals can exhibit all the styles, but one or two styles tend to dominate.
D) Individual styles of communication can be accurately tied to race or ethnicity.

Question 64

What is the purpose of the Implicit Attitude Test exercise?

A) to show how to deal with racially-motivated abuse
B) to teach how to be a diversity initiative leader
C) to show what it's like to be prejudged
D) to increase self-awareness about diversity

Question 65

According to the text, the most overlooked diversity factor is probably

A) religion.
B) intellectual disability
C) communication style
D) sexual orientation

Question 66

Kieran is very outgoing and seeks out new employees to get to know them. He is quite loud in his welcoming speeches to the people he meets. What kind of diversity dimension does this represent?

A) permanent
B) evolving
C) organizational
D) personality

Question 67

The text mentions the common temperature control setting for most offices buildings to show that ______.

A) most corporate environments are dominated by Caucasian males
B) gender discrimination exists in all settings
C) some gender discrimination is unconscious
D) dimension based on race or ethnicity can present in surprising ways

Question 68

How does the Dominant Group's Status exercise differ from the Dominant Group and Subordinate Group Awareness exercise?

A) It seeks to categorize participants as either dominant group or subordinate group.
B) It assumes the dominant group may not be aware of their status.
C) It deals more with issues of gender than of race.
D) It is less a self-analysis tool than a group analysis tool.

Question 69

If Lockheed labels one of its business units as having "institutionalized inclusion" with respect to diversity, it means that business unit ______.

A) has just implemented diversity training
B) has made diversity an integral part of its culture
C) develops ad hoc responses to diversity crises
D) has low accountability for diversity issues

Question 70

In a "Who Are You" workshop diversity exercise, employees ______.

A) describe each other in terms of unique diversity dimensions
B) describe each other in terms of dominant or subordinate groups
C) describe themselves in terms of unique diversity dimensions
D) focus on personality and avoid variables like race or religion

Question 71

If a person who prefers to get right to the point has a first discussion with a person who prefers a personal connection style, the more direct one (if she has not been taught about diversity in communication styles) is likely to ______.

A) be unable to communicate
B) adopt to the person's communication style
C) cease communication with the other person
D) believe the other person is wasting time

Question 72

Harold takes the Implicit Attitude Test (IAT). The first image is of a Caucasian male, and he quickly clicks on "positive" as an association. The next image is of an African-American male, and he also clicks on "positive," but it takes him two seconds longer to do so. Based on these responses, the computer scoring would say Harold has ______.

A) no discernable bias toward either option
B) a more positive association with African Americans than he does with Caucasians
C) equally positive associations to both Caucasians and African Americans
D) a more positive association with Caucasians than he does with African Americans

Question 73

Which of the following statements about dominant group influence is accurate?

A) Dominant group membership typically fosters a sense of nervousness and inferiority.
B) Members of the dominant group must actively seek to influence or control organizational culture to have a disparate impact.
C) Dominant group cultural impact is most noticeable to subordinate group members.
D) Dominant and subordinate group members have similar levels of impact on organizational culture.

Question 74

What is a typical spark for a major rise in anti-immigration sentiment?

A) Language issues come before local governments.
B) The number of workers exceeds job availability.
C) There is an upswing in the national business cycle.
D) Ethics training focuses on issues of race and immigration.

Question 75

What are the two categories of sexual harassment as defined by the EEOC?

A) quid-pro-quo and hostile environment
B) heterosexual and homosexual
C) hostile environment and nonhostile environment
D) passive and active

Question 76

Carl receives an IAT score that suggests a bias in favor of Caucasian males. What can we expect from his behavior?

A) The results show Carl will not reduce his sexist and racist behavior.
B) Carl will behave in a racist manner at work.
C) The results do not predict any specific behavior pattern from Carl.
D) Carl will behave in a sexist manner at work.

Question 77

The organizational dimension of an employee's diversity ______.

A) can be unchanging or evolving
B) is the most difficult dimension with which to categorize a person
C) has little influence over how others perceive us
D) has little effect on how we perceive others

Question 78

Which of the following types of statement should be avoided in a training session, since they could be offensive?

A) "I'm not a member of a dominant group."
B) "I want to do my best to improve diversity here."
C) "I wish I was better at thinking about diversity issues."
D) "I don't see race."

Question 79

Anish needs to convince her employee to work through lunch today on a big project. Anish has a very direct communication style and her employee does not. What is the best strategy for Anish to influence her employee on this issue?

A) Try to frame her argument using her employee's communication style.
B) Hint to her employee that such an action may be necessary.
C) Be blunt and to the point in asking her employee to work through lunch.
D) First, teach the coworker to use a more direct communication style.

Question 80

Which of the following has research based on the Implicit Attitude Test shown?

A) Many people have biases based on race but the IAT has been unable to show biases with respect to sexual orientation.
B) A vast majority of women have implicit biases for other women over men.
C) A slight minority of Caucasians have implicit biases for Caucasians over African-Americans.
D) A significant majority of Caucasians have implicit biases for Caucasians over African-Americans.