Deck 10: Research

Question 1

What is the next step after implementing an evidenced-based practice and policy change related to head lice screening?

A) Replicate the original research study within a one-year timeframe
B) Establish an evaluation period to see if the change is working
C) Conduct comprehensive chart reviews on every aspect of nursing practice
D) Wait and see what the results of the change turn out to be

Answer 1

Establish an evaluation period to see if the change is working

Question 2

A nurse wants to do qualitative research to describe the culture of youth who live away from their parents. What research methodology should the nurse choose?

A) Grounded theory
B) Phenomenology
C) Ethnography
D) Prospective cohort study

Answer 2

Ethnography

Question 3

Nurses need to ask critical questions to evaluate interventions and consider alternative options. To find relevant research, practice questions need to be structured and include which of the following components? Select all that apply.

A) Population
B) Intervention
C) Comparison
D) Outcomes
E) None of above

Answer 3

Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcomes

Question 4

What is the Cochrane Library?

A) A collection of websites and journals of pre-appraised research including Evidence-Based Nursing and Evidence-Based Medicine
B) A searchable online database of abstracts and websites related to evidence-based practice based in Australia
C) An online site for high quality systematic reviews relevant to public health in Canada
D) A collection of reports and protocols from systematic reviews produced by an international collaboration, as well as summaries of reviews and abstracts of randomized controlled trails

Question 5

A student nurse has been asked to write a clinical question that includes the elements of a structured question. Which one of the following questions meets these criteria?

A) What is the evidence for school-based activity programs?
B) What are the health-promoting behaviours of well seniors?
C) For new mothers, can e-health technology be used to achieve a healthy weight in the postpartum period?
D) Does a structured breastfeeding support program affect duration, exclusivity, or gastrointestinal infections in the infants?

Question 6

Which statement most accurately describes a randomized controlled study design?

A) The researcher examines the individual histories of a group of people manifesting a particular disease to find out what common factors they share and what differences can be discerned
B) Questions and interventions that evolve through partnerships between researchers and participants
C) This is the best design for answering questions about the effectiveness or harms of a certain intervention
D) Questions exploring perceptions, feeling, and experiences are best answered by this study design

Question 7

What is most likely to be included in a meta-analysis?

A) A narrative review of several articles using pre-set criteria
B) A summary of research evidence that relates to a general question
C) A quantitative combination of results of several studies
D) Statistics from various studies presented separately in a table

Question 8

A nurse reads in a journal article, "Participants were randomized into an intervention group. The intervention group was to receive an epidural in labour. All the birth outcomes of the intervention group were analyzed in that group, regardless of whether the participants received an epidural or not." What concept is illustrated in this statement?

A) A double blinded study
B) Researcher bias
C) Intention-to-treat analysis
D) Allocation concealment

Question 9

What type of health research are community health nurses most likely to be involved in?

A) Randomized clinical trials
B) Client outcome studies
C) Program evaluation using process outcomes
D) Principle investigators of a qualitative study

Question 10

Angela and Kerry are nurses working in partnership with a university research unit on a community project focusing on women experiencing homelessness. They are using action-oriented research. What type of research are they most likely to be engaging in?

A) Grounded theory
B) Randomized clinical trials
C) Participatory action
D) Phenomenology

Question 11

What is relative risk?

A) Proportion of the participants experiencing an outcome in the intervention group divided by the proportion experiencing the outcome in the control group
B) Proportional reduction in the rates of poor outcomes between the experimental and control participants
C) Range of values with a specified probability of including the true effect, which can never be known absolutely
D) Number of study participants who would have died anyway without the intervention

Question 12

A nurse reads in a study on a diabetes prevention program that the odds ratio was <1. What does this mean?

A) Study was biased
B) Participants were not affected by the program
C) Prevention program was beneficial
D) Control group was the same as the intervention group

Question 13

A nurse is reviewing a qualitative study on homelessness and dental health. Which question about validity is appropriate in this scenario?

A) Was follow-up sufficiently long and complete?
B) Is the research question clear and adequately substantiated?
C) How were the participants randomized into groups?
D) Was allocation concealment used?

Question 14

What is the time lag between when technical information is generated and the time it is used in actual practice?

A) 15 to 18 years
B) 8 to 17 years
C) 1 to 2 years
D) 5 to 10 years

Question 15

A nurse is reading an article by Heater, Becker, and Olson (1988), who conducted a meta-analysis to determine the contribution of research-based nursing practice to client outcomes. What conclusion did the authors reach about clients who received research-based nursing care versus those who received routine nursing care?

A) No appreciable difference between the two groups
B) Made sizeable gains in behavioural knowledge and physiological and psychosocial outcomes
C) Increased their behavioural knowledge but did not make gains in physiological and psychosocial outcomes
D) Increased insignificantly in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour related to healthy lifestyle choices

Question 16

What is the best course of action for nurses to follow when there is no research evidence to support practice?

A) Utilize expert opinion as the standard for decision-making
B) Implement several different practices and see what works well
C) Develop individual best practice guidelines
D) Change practice according to somewhat related research evidence

Question 17

What can be included in a systematic review of community health nursing research studies?

A) Only randomized trials
B) Non-randomized cohort studies
C) A strictly statistical synthesis
D) Only studies that use the biomedical model

Question 18

A group of nurses have questions about the effectiveness of assessing post-surgical clients over the telephone versus assessing post-surgical clients at home. What type of research article would be most useful for the nurses to review?

A) Qualitative ethnography
B) Cohort studies
C) Randomized controlled trails
D) Participatory action research

Question 19

Which is the best description of evidence-informed nursing practice?

A) Incorporation of research findings into policies and procedures that directly affect patient care at the bedside
B) Intuitive nursing practice based on evidence gained through extensive clinical practice
C) Conscientious and judicious use of best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals patients
D) Integration of clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence

Question 20

A nurse is attempting to conduct a search of the literature related to the use of condoms by men who have sex with men. What activity will allow the nurse to conduct the most efficient search?

A) Generating a list of search terms
B) Accessing a health sciences librarian
C) Reading abstracts at the university library
D) Looking at articles already found on the subject

Question 21

In a large urban health department, a decision has been made related to the type of support nurses provide to the male partners of pregnant teens. After the decision has been made, describe eight things that need to happen in order to implement the change successfully.

Question 22

What are the three major questions used to critically appraise primary studies of treatment or prevention? Give two secondary questions related to each major question.

Question 23

A group of nurses have formulated a research question on how to best support new mothers with breastfeeding. What is the next step in the process to develop evidence-based nursing practice?

A) Implement evidence-based practice decision
B) Appraise the research evidence
C) Evaluate the outcomes of evidence-based nursing practice
D) Complete a systematic search of research evidence

Question 24

Write one clinical question related to community health nursing practice for qualitative questions of how and why.

Question 25

Describe how CHNs are involved in community health research.

Question 26

What is meant by wide confidence intervals?

A) There is less accuracy in the estimated effect of the intervention.
B) The intervention has an effect on the outcome and is statistically significant.
C) This indicates the reliability of an estimate.
D) Precision increases with larger samples.

Question 27

What website is the preferred source of pre-appraised research for community health nurses?

A) Evidence-Based Nursing
B) BMJ Clinical Evidence
C) Health-Evidence
D) National Guideline Clearinghouse

Question 28

What is the "Effective Practice and Organization of Care" review group?

Question 29

How is number needed to treat (NNT) calculated?

A) One divided by the absolute risk reduction
B) Incidence rate of disease in exposed population over the incidence of disease in unexposed population
C) Event rate in control group minus event rate in experimental group
D) Number of people with given disease in given population at one point in time divided by the total in given population at same point in time

Question 30

A nursing student is learning to critically appraise studies on treatment or prevention. What question best addresses whether the results of the study are valid?

A) Is the description of the findings thorough?
B) Were all the clinical significant outcomes considered?
C) Were the groups similar at the start of the trial?
D) Is the design appropriate for the research question?