Deck 11: Sexual and Gender Problems

Question 1

Frequency of sexual activity was significantly higher in 2000 than 1990.What percentage of women reported having oral sex in the previous month?

A)76%
B)26%
C)36%
D)56%

Answer 1

76%

Question 2

Which of the following feelings are closely associated with sexual aversion disorder?

A)Anxiety
B)Disgust
C)Fear
D)All of the above

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

Disorders of sexuality and sexual functioning fit into three broad categories: one of which is called paraphilias.This refers to:

A)Problems with the normal sexual response cycle
B)Sexual urges or fantasies involving unusual sources of gratification problems
C)An individual is dissatisfied with their own biological sex and have a strong desire to be a member of the opposite sex
D)Problems with sexual fantasies

Answer 3

Sexual urges or fantasies involving unusual sources of gratification problems

Question 4

Problems with sexual desire may also stem directly from problems elsewhere - either in the sexual cycle or in personal relationships.Which of the following are examples?

A)Erectile problems in men
B)Poor communication between women and their partners
C)Fear of loss of control
D)All of the above

Question 5

In 2000,women between the ages of 16-44 years reported having had an average of _________ sexual partners respectively in their lifetime.

A)12.7
B)6)5
C)3)4
D)4)6

Question 6

Frequency of sexual activity was significantly higher in 2000 than 1990)What percentage of men reported having had vaginal intercourse in the previous month?

A)72%
B)82%
C)62%
D)42%

Question 7

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder is one of the disorders of the desire stage of the sexual response cycle.Which of the following is a description of the above?

A)A persistent and recurrent deficiency or absence of desire for sexual activity and absence of sexual fantasies that cause the individual marked distress or interpersonal difficulty
B)A persistent and recurrent desire for sexual activity and presence of sexual fantasies that cause the individual marked distress or interpersonal difficulty
C)A persistent and recurrent headache
D)A persistent and recurrent use of pornographic material that causes the individual marked distress or interpersonal difficulty

Question 8

Disorders of sexuality and sexual functioning fit into three broad categories: one of which is called sexual dysfunctions.This refers to:

A)Problems with the normal sexual response cycle
B)Sexual urges or fantasies involving unusual sources of gratification problems
C)An individual is dissatisfied with their own biological sex and have a strong desire to be a member of the opposite sex
D)Problems with sexual fantasies

Question 9

Frequency of sexual activity was significantly higher in 2000 than 1990.What percentage of women reported having had vaginal intercourse in the previous month?

A)76%
B)36%
C)46%
D)56%

Question 10

Disorders of sexuality and sexual functioning fit into three broad categories: one of which is called gender dysphorias.This refers to:

A)Problems with the normal sexual response cycle
B)Sexual urges or fantasies involving unusual sources of gratification problems
C)An individual is dissatisfied with their own biological sex and have a strong desire to be a member of the opposite sex
D)Problems with sexual fantasies

Question 11

Which of the following are stages in the sexual response cycle?

A)Desire
B)Resolution
C)Arousal
D)All of the above

Question 12

Increases in sexual activity are accompanied by significant rises in sexually transmitted infections.What percentage rise in women between 1990 and 1999?

A)56%
B)16%
C)26%
D)36%

Question 13

Frequency of sexual activity was significantly higher in 2000 than 1990.What percentage of men reported having oral sex in the previous month?

A)78%
B)58%
C)48%
D)68%

Question 14

Sexual aversion disorder is one of the disorders of the desire stage of the sexual response cycle.Which of the following is a description of the above?

A)Aversion to and active avoidance of genital sexual contact with a sexual partner in circumstances where this aversion gives rise to marked distress and interpersonal difficulty
B)Aversion to and active avoidance of a sexual partner in circumstances where this aversion gives rise to marked distress and interpersonal difficulty
C)Aversion to and active avoidance of masturbation in circumstances where this aversion gives rise to marked distress
D)Aversion to and active avoidance of oral in circumstances where this aversion gives rise to marked distress and interpersonal difficulty

Question 15

Increases in sexual activity are accompanied by significant rises in sexually transmitted infections.What percentage rise in men between 1990 and 1999?

A)20%
B)10%
C)15%
D)25%

Question 16

Lack of desire is not unusual and often not a problem for many individuals and surveys suggest that as many as ______ women report a lack of desire for sex in the previous 12 months.

A)1 in 3
B)1 in 5
C)1 in 4
D)1 in 2

Question 17

What percentage of men and women reported having had a homosexual relationship in their lifetime?

A)2)6%
B)3)9%
C)1)9%
D)4)6%

Question 18

Which of the following are characteristics of female sexual arousal disorder?

A)A persistent or recurrent inability to attain an adequate lubrication-swelling response of sexual excitement,or to maintain this state until the completion of sexual activity
B)A persistent or recurrent inability to attain orgasm
C)A persistent or recurrent inability to arouse ones partners sexual desire
D)A persistent or recurrent inability to concentrate

Question 19

In 2000,men between the ages of 16-44 years reported having had an average of _________ sexual partners respectively in their lifetime.

A)12.7
B)31.3
C)41
D)4)6

Question 20

Which two of the following have been identified as specific disorders of the desire stage of the sexual response cycle?

A)Hypoactive sexual desire disorder and sexual aversion disorder
B)Hypoactive sexual desire disorder and sexual dysfunction disorder
C)Hypoactive sexual desire disorder and dysthymic sexual disorder
D)Sexual dysfunction disorder and sexual aversion disorder

Question 21

In American surveys,what percentage of women have reported pain during sexual activity

A)15%
B)11%
C)23%
D)33%

Question 22

In a study of men suffering with erectile disorder,what percentage of men went on to seek medical advice?

A)45%
B)35%
C)25%
D)15%

Question 23

In The Two-Factor Model of Masters & Johnson model of sexual dysfunction there are two important components,both of which contributed to sexual dysfunction)The second component of this model is the spectator role)This consists of:

A)The individual constantly monitoring their own sexual performance
B)The individual constantly monitoring the responses of their partner
C)The individual's self focus preventing focus on the stimuli that is providing sexual arousal and sexual pleasure,
D)All of the above

Question 24

A persistent or recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm following normal sexual excitement which causes the individual marked distress or interpersonal difficulty is called:

A)Female orgasmic disorder
B)Dysfunctional orgasmic disorder
C)Aclimactic disorder
D)Male climactic disorder

Question 25

Problems associated with erectile disorder include:

A)Occupational stress
B)Depression
C)Smoking
D)All of the above

Question 26

Which of the following is a term that describes genital pains occurring possibly before,during or after sexual intercourse,in both males and females?

A)Dysmenorrhea
B)Dyskinesia
C)Dyspraxia
D)Dyspareunia

Question 27

Which group of women are least likely to be distressed by low sexual desire?

A)Married women
B)Widows
C)Older women
D)Divorced women

Question 28

Orgasm is the third stage of the sexual cycle.Which of the following is NOT one of the defined disorders of this stage?

A)Female orgasmic disorder
B)Male orgasmic disorder
C)Premature ejaculation
D)Dysfunctional orgasmic disorder

Question 29

Which group of men are less likely to seek help for erectile disorder?

A)Young men
B)Highly educated men
C)Less educated men
D)Old men

Question 30

In the Two-Factor Model of Masters & Johnson model of sexual dysfunction there are two important components,both of which contributed to sexual dysfunction.The first component consisted of a learned or conditioned factor where adverse early sexual experiences had given rise to a learnt fear or anxiety response whenever the individual was engaged in sexual activity.Which of the following adverse experiences may NOT contribute to sexual dysfunction?

A)Psychosexual trauma
B)Religious and social taboos
C)Embarrassing or belittling early experiences with sex
D)Toilet training

Question 31

Achieving an erection is an essential part of the sexual act and many males may acquire what is known as performance anxiety.This refers to:

A)Fear of having sex in a public place
B)Fear of failing to achieve a sustained erection
C)Fear of criticism from the sexual partner
D)Fear of not achieving orgasm

Question 32

A persistent or recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm following normal sexual excitement which causes the individual marked distress or interpersonal difficulty is called:

A)Delayed ejaculation
B)Dysfunctional orgasmic disorder
C)Aclimactic disorder
D)Female climactic disorder

Question 33

Penetration disorder refers to which of the following symptoms?

A)Genito-pelvic pain
B)Fear of pain or vaginal penetration
C)Tension of the pelvic floor muscles
D)All of the above

Question 34

Because chronic negative emotions such as depression or anxiety are likely to interfere significantly with sexual performance.Studies suggest that _____ of those people with depression are also likely to have a sexual dysfunction.

A)62%
B)22%
C)32% 52%

Question 35

The persistent or recurrent involuntary contraction of the perineal muscles surrounding the outer third of the vagina when vaginal penetration is attempted is known as:

A)Vaginismus
B)Perinealitis
C)Perivaginitis Vaginitis

Question 36

The causes of male erectile disorder are complex,and appear to range across physical,psychological and sociocultural factors.Which of the following are NOT considered causes of erectile disorder?

A)High blood pressure
B)Diabetes
C)Heart disease
D)Diet

Question 37

Which of the following represents the percentage of males under the age of 40 who experience erectile dysfunction?

A)2%
B)15%
C)20%
D)5%

Question 38

Which of the following are characteristics of male erectile disorder?

A)A persistent or recurrent inability to attain an adequate erection or to maintain the erection until completion of sexual activity
B)A persistent or recurrent inability to attain orgasm
C)A persistent or recurrent inability to arouse ones partners sexual desire
D)A persistent or recurrent inability to concentrate

Question 39

It is important to note that female sexual arousal disorder is defined primarily in terms of a deficiency in a physical or physiological response,and as a result may be caused by a range of physical or physiological factors,which include

A)Hormone imbalances
B)Diabetes
C)Medications being taken for other disorders
D)All of the above

Question 40

Male erectile disorder can manifest itself in a number of different ways.Which of the following are characteristic of this disorder?

A)A failure to attain an erection from the outset of sexual activity,
B)First experiencing an erection but then losing tumescence prior to penetration,
C)Losing tumescence during penetration but prior to orgasm
D)All of the above

Question 41

One view of the causes of sexual dysfunction is that chronic sexual dysfunction is caused by a combination of immediate causes and remote causes (Kaplan,1974).Which of the following are remote causes that are factors that may directly influence sexual performance?

A)Shame and guilt about sexual activity
B)General feelings of inadequacy
C)Feelings of conflict brought about by long-term life stress
D)All of the above

Question 42

Which of the following was a treatment that was a result of the publishing of Masters & Johnson (1970)book Human Sexual Inadequacy?

A)Direct treatments
B)Individual treatments
C)Indirect treatments
D)Organic treatments

Question 43

Sexual pain disorders may have an organic or medical origin,and these may include which of the following?

A)Painful allergic reactions to contraceptive creams,condoms or diaphragms
B)Gynaecological diseases
C)Infections of the vagina,bladder or uterus
D)All of the above

Question 44

The drug yohimbine is used to treat erectile dysfunctions.Yohimbine works by:

A)Facilitating norepinephrine excretion in the brain
B)Facilitating dopamine production brain
C)Facilitating serotonin excretion in the brain
D)Facilitating testosterone production

Question 45

In men,erectile dysfunction is associated with high levels of:

A)Prolactin
B)Testosterone
C)Oestrogen
D)Prostaglandin

Question 46

A study of Australian men over the age of 40 yrs indicated what percentage of those men surveyed reported one or more reproductive health disorder,including erectile dysfunction?

A)34%
B)24%
C)44%
D)54%

Question 47

Which of the following are considered biological causes of sexual dysfunction?

A)Dysfunction caused by an underlying medical condition
B)Dysfunction caused by hormonal abnormalities
C)Changes in sexual responsiveness caused by ageing)
D)All of the above

Question 48

One view of the causes of sexual dysfunction is that chronic sexual dysfunction is caused by a combination of immediate causes and remote causes (Kaplan,1974).Which of the following are immediate causes that are factors that may directly influence sexual performance?

A)Performance anxiety
B)Communication problems between partners
C)Clumsy technique
D)All of the above

Question 49

For individuals with arousal or orgasmic problems,directed masturbation training is often helpful (Heiman,2002).This involves the use of:

A)Educational material
B)Videos
C)Erotic materials
D)All of the above

Question 50

Studies suggest what percentage of men taking Viagra can achieve erection within 60 minutes of administration?

A)75%
B)65%
C)85%
D)55%

Question 51

Men with depression are almost ______ as likely to experience erectile dysfunction as non-depressed men.

A)Twice
B)Three times
C)Four times
D)Five times

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a hormone on which sexual desire and subsequent arousal and orgasm are dependent?

A)Testosterone
B)Oestrogen
C)Prolactin
D)Prostaglandin

Question 53

Viagra has also proved to be an effective treatment for male erectile disorder,with over what percentage of clients treated with Viagra over a 1-3 year period expressing satisfaction with their erections and their ability to effectively engage in sex?

A)95%
B)85%
C)75%
D)65%

Question 54

Which of the following biological and medical factors have NOT been linked to female arousal and orgasmic disorder?

A)Multiple sclerosis
B)Diabetes
C)Antidepressants (e.g.SSRIs such as Prozac)
D)Cystic Fibrosis

Question 55

Perhaps the most well-known drug treatment for sexual dysfunction is Viagra.The generic term for this drug is:

A)Fluoxetine
B)Sildenafil citrate
C)Metronydasol
D)Diclofenac

Question 56

In women,depressive symptoms have been shown to be associated with deficits in:

A)Sexual fantasy
B)Sexual arousal
C)Orgasmic function
D)All of the above

Question 57

In women,either high or low levels of which of the following of can cause sexual desire problems?

A)Prolactin
B)Testosterone
C)Oestrogen
D)Prostaglandin

Question 58

Direct treatments are techniques targeting the specific sexual performance deficit.Which of the following two are examples of these techniques used to help clients with premature ejaculation?

A)Distraction technique and squeeze technique
B)Squeeze technique and counting technique
C)Stop-start technique and squeeze technique
D)Counting technique and distraction technique

Question 59

What percentage of men suffering from erectile disorder also have been diagnosed with anxiety disorders?

A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)10%

Question 60

A direct treatment method designed to deal with symptoms of erectile dysfunction or male and female orgasmic disorder is the:

A)Tease technique
B)Squeeze technique
C)Tickle technique
D)Stroke technique

Question 61

Paedophilia is defined as sexual attraction towards prepubescent children.To be diagnosed with paedophilia,the individual must be ______ years older than the victim.

A)5
B)10
C)3
D)2

Question 62

Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of sexual masochism?

A)Sexual arousal and satisfaction from being humiliated,beaten,bound or otherwise made to suffer
B)Urges do not cause significant distress or social and occupational impairment
C)Sexual arousal and satisfaction from the psychological suffering of others
D)Sexual arousal and satisfaction from the physical suffering of others

Question 63

When a heterosexual male experiences recurrent,intense sexual arousal from cross-dressing in women's attire,and this causes significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning,this is known as:

A)Covert cross dressing disorder
B)Tranvestic fetishism
C)Transgender fetishism
D)Performance fetishism

Question 64

Observing an unsuspecting person who is naked,undressing,or engaging in a sexual activity is known as:

A)Non consentism
B)Voyeurism
C)Exhibitionism
D)Frotteurism

Question 65

A group of paraphilias consists of exhibitionistic disorder,voyeuristic disorder,frotteuristic disorder and paedophilic disorder.What groups these paraphilias together?

A)They involve sexual urges and activities directed at non-consenting persons
B)The individual does not have to experience distress or social or occupational impairment to be diagnosed with these disorders
C)The individual has to have acted on these urges with non-consenting persons
D)All of the above

Question 66

Evidence suggests that levels of which male hormone may help to maintain paraphilic behaviour once it has been acquired?

A)Androgens
B)Estrogens
C)Progestagens
D)None of the above

Question 67

Mechanical devices such as the penile prosthesis have been developed for non-reversible organic-based erectile problems.Over a period of 7 years,the penile prosthesis was found to be successful at dealing with erectile dysfunction in what percentage of patients?

A)25%
B)82%
C)53%
D)70%

Question 68

Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of sexual sadism?

A)Urges do not cause significant distress or social and occupational impairment
B)Sexual arousal and satisfaction from the psychological and physical suffering of others
C)Sexual arousal and satisfaction from being humiliated
D)Sexual arousal and satisfaction from being made to suffer

Question 69

Paedophiles become sexually aroused by sexually immature children and are sometimes also known as:

A)Preference molesters
B)Non consent molesters
C)Minor molester
D)Pre-teen molester

Question 70

Polaschek & Ward (2002)suggested that sex offenders may have developed integrated cognitive schemata that guide the offender's interactions with their victims and justify their behaviour)They termed these as:

A)Implicit theories
B)Justified actions
C)Cognitive dissonance
D)Responsibility bias

Question 71

Child rapists may only get full sexual gratification from harming and even murdering their victims.Such behaviour often occurs with comorbid diagnosis of which of the following?

A)Personality disorder
B)Masochism
C)Castration anxiety
D)Frotteurism

Question 72

Psychodynamic interpretations of sexual sadism would associate the sadist searching relief from castration anxiety by:

A)Taking on the role of castrator rather than castrated
B)Dressing in women's clothing
C)Seeking out partners who have been castrated
D)Performing castration on a consenting partner

Question 73

The assumption that inappropriate stimuli have become positively associated with sexual arousal and sexual satisfaction underlies which therapy?

A)Diversion therapy
B)Aversion therapy
C)Cognitive behavioural therapy
D)De-conditioning therapy

Question 74

DSM-5 defines paraphilias as recurrent,intense sexually arousing fantasies,sexual urges,or behaviours,generally involving which of the following?

A)Nonhuman objects (e.g.fetishes)
B)The suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner
C)Children or other non-consenting persons
D)All of the above

Question 75

High rates of sexual activity (known as hypersexuality),have been linked with which of the following?

A)Paraphilias
B)Anxiety
C)Depression
D)All of the above

Question 76

Which of the following is a treatment for erectile dysfunction?

A)Vacuum erection device (VED)
B)Hoover erection device (HED)
C)Piston erection tool (PET)
D)Erectile dysfunction pump (EDP)

Question 77

Paedophilia is defined as sexual attraction towards prepubescent children,normally of below what age?

A)10
B)13
C)16
D)8

Question 78

Frotteurism involves which of the following?

A)Observing an unsuspecting person who is naked,in the process of undressing,or engaging in a sexual activity
B)Sexual fantasies about exposing the penis to a stranger
C)Sexual arousal and satisfaction from the psychological and physical suffering of others
D)Intense,recurrent sexual urges to touch and rub up against non-consenting people

Question 79

A form of aversion therapy where the client does not actually experience the pairing of sexual stimuli with aversive outcomes,but imagines these associations during controlled treatment sessions is known as:

A)Classical conditioning
B)Covert conditioning
C)Operant conditioning
D)Overt conditioning

Question 80

Abel,Gore,Holland,Camp et al.(1989)identified which beliefs as cognitive distortions in paedophiles?

A)Children want sex with adults
B)Sexual contact with children is socially acceptable
C)Sexual contact with children is not harmful
D)All of the above