Deck 5: An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China, 753 Bce-330 Ce

Question 1

What factor caused a decrease in small farms in the Late Roman Republic?

A) Wars that devastated land and made farming difficult
B) An economy primarily based on trade with the East
C) The growth of latifundia and a shift to nonstaple crops
D) Increased urbanization in the centralized Republic
E) Deforestation

Answer 1

The growth of latifundia and a shift to nonstaple crops

Question 2

Which statement is true about Roman women?

A) They were equal to Roman men.
B) They had no say in family matters.
C) They exercised influence over husbands and sons.
D) They were required to provide ten years of military service.
E) They were powerless and virtually slaves in their own homes.

Answer 2

They exercised influence over husbands and sons.

Question 3

The first Romans to reach China's court of Emperor Huan were envoys of which emperor?

A) Julius Caesar
B) Augustus Caesar
C) Marcus Aurelius
D) Nero
E) Commodus.

Answer 3

Marcus Aurelius

Question 4

As a result of two prolonged wars with this empire, the Romans became the unmatched power of the Western Mediterranean by 200 B.C.E.

A) Lebanon.
B) Israel.
C) Carthage.
D) Persia.
E) Scythians.

Question 5

As Italian farmers found themselves increasingly away on military campaigns, their lands were often administered by:

A) tenant farmers.
B) deceptive investors.
C) agricultural wage laborers.
D) female and child labor.
E) letting their land lie fallow.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the Roman "Republic"?

A) Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Senate.
B) Rome was not a democracy in the modern sense.
C) Sovereign power resided in an assembly of male citizens.
D) Two consuls presided over the Senate and commanded the military.
E) All of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following was the most common pattern to Roman expansion?

A) Aggressive fans of war in Rome.
B) The short term of office of the Consuls in the senate
C) The desire to acquire buffer zones protecting them from attack by enemies.
D) The mandate to impose their religion on neighboring regions.
E) The presence of a large, well maintained army.

Question 8

The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. went by the honorific name of:

A) Julius Caesar.
B) Caligula.
C) Nero.
D) Claudius.
E) Augustus.

Question 9

How did the early Romans view the natural world?

A) As a cosmic credit and debit sheet on which one's actions determined one's destiny.
B) As a body of natural laws understandable by humans.
C) As a shadow world of paradise.
D) As filled with numerous invisible shapeless forces called numina.
E) As created by a single God.

Question 10

Under the Principate, Roman law

A) was limited to the Twelve Tables.
B) came largely from the emperor himself.
C) was based on the Twelve Tables and supplemented by decrees from the Senate and bills from the Assemblies.
D) was codified by public vote.
E) were gathered from local traditions and evaluated by jurists to compile the lex romana.

Question 11

The essential economic activity of the early Roman state was based on

A) agriculture.
B) mercantilism.
C) mining.
D) fishing.
E) the military.

Question 12

After 212 C.E., the emperor Caracalla granted citizenship on what basis?

A) As soon as the Roman legions conquered them.
B) Only if they swore allegiance to Rome.
C) If they were wealthy enough to buy citizenship.
D) If they were free, adult, male inhabitants of the empire.
E) By living in Rome for a year and a day.

Question 13

The conquest of the Celtic peoples of Gaul was accomplished by this famous Roman general by 51 B.C.E.

A) Gaius Julius Caesar
B) Marcus Aurelius
C) Octavian
D) Romulus
E) Remus

Question 14

A significant difference in Roman expansion versus Greek was that Romans :

A) did not have a standardized language.
B) extended citizenship in degrees to most conquered populations.
C) did not impose taxes.
D) conquered only to obtain slaves.
E) had no system of government in place in the new territories.

Question 15

The council whose members were heads of wealthy landowning families at the center of political action in the Roman Republic was

A) the Council of Nobles.
B) annually elected civic officials.
C) the Senate.
D) the Plebeian Council.
E) the Congress of Monarchs.

Question 16

Which factor most contributed to the development of "pax romana"?

A) thousands of miles of well-built roads
B) Roman military might
C) the growth of commerce
D) the leadership of rulers like Augustus
E) all of the above

Question 17

The covenant of protection between the gods and the Romans was called:

A) pax romana
B) lex cannulaia
C) pax deorum
D) articus fidele
E) dvoeverie

Question 18

During the Republic, Romans managed their imperial territories by

A) brutal domination and conquest, enslaving local populations.
B) establishing a system of satrapies and using local leaders to enforce Roman power.
C) nonoccupation and little interaction other than tax collection.
D) establishing a provincial administration and sending a Roman senator to oversee matters.
E) dispatching the army to occupy the area and bring the locals into line.

Question 19

The main reason for the decline of the Roman Republic was

A) an impoverished population.
B) political decentralization.
C) military leaders with armies loyal to them rather than to the state.
D) ongoing wars in trying to expand to an empire.
E) the subversive effect of increasingly popular monotheistic religions.

Question 20

One of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire has been the

A) persistence of the Roman system of mathematics.
B) suppression of many barbarian groups.
C) tradition of peaceful regime change.
D) Romanization of the western Mediterranean.
E) military innovations that revolutionized warfare.

Question 21

What was buried with the Emperor Shi Huang-di in his elaborate tomb?

A) his sword.
B) his wife.
C) ten thousand pounds of gold.
D) an entourage of priests and servants.
E) seven thousand life-sized statues of his soldier.

Question 22

Which of the following was not a tactic used to re-centralize power under the Qin?

A) elimination of primogeniture.
B) standardized weights and measures.
C) a code of law
D) a return to Confucianist values.
E) eliminating rival centers of authority.

Question 23

The engineering expertise of the Romans is seen in all of these except:

A) aqueducts.
B) roads
C) fortifications
D) gothic cathedrals
E) arches

Question 24

According to the Confucius philosopher Mencius, proper female behavior was exemplified by the:

A) three wise gods.
B) three submissions.
C) three flowers.
D) three trials.
E) three virtues.

Question 25

In an effort to increase his power, Shi Huangdi accomplished which of the following?

A) cracked down on Confucians.
B) defeated rival states.
C) standardized legal practices.
D) forced organization of labor.
E) all of the above.

Question 26

What was one of the most important reasons for the economic decline in the third century C.E.?

A) massive crop failures.
B) invasions of the Huns.
C) reduced amount of precious metals in the coins by the emperors.
D) the transition to a wage economy.
E) inability to efficiently collect taxes within the empire.

Question 27

One of the great construction projects of Shi Huang-di was:

A) The canal system
B) a system of interconnected roads.
C) connection of walls which ultimately made up The Great Wall.
D) the Forbidden City palace.
E) an elaborate irrigation system in the Northern provinces.

Question 28

One of the primary reasons Legalists in the Qin empire opposed the Confucians was that the latter __________.

A) desired wealth and business ownership.
B) desired the independence of children.
C) expected benevolent and nonviolent rulers.
D) expected the rich to care for the poor.
E) exalted rugged individualism.

Question 29

The Qin ruler took the title Shi Huangdi, which meant

A) "First Emperor."
B) "Holy Man."
C) "First Among Equals."
D) "Great Warrior."
E) "Big Emperor."

Question 30

How is the career of Paul an example of the "cosmopolitan" nature of the Roman Empire?

A) He limited his proselytizing to urban areas.
B) He only converted Romans to Christianity.
C) He refused to debase himself by using anything Roman.
D) He was able to use the benefits of Roman citizenship, roads, and cities to spread Christianity.
E) He found that both Jews and Christians readily accepted his views of Jesus as the messiah.

Question 31

The competition among states in the Warring States Period resulted in

A) the creation of the first empire under the Qin state.
B) the escalation of violence against the upper classes.
C) an enormous tax increase.
D) peasant rebellions.
E) the weakening of China, allowing the Annamese invasion.

Question 32

Who were NOT among the earliest converts to Christianity?

A) women
B) the poor
C) slaves
D) Jews
E) all of these

Question 33

Who reformed Rome in the third century C.E. and saved it from decline?

A) Diocletian
B) Tiberius
C) Constantine
D) Brucellosis
E) Claudius

Question 34

Which of the following symptoms best explain Rome's "third-century crisis"?

A) urban decline
B) civil wars
C) barbarian invasions
D) frequent change of rulers.
E) all of the above

Question 35

Jesus Christ, executed by the Roman authorities as a revolutionary, was seen by his early followers, the Apostles, as:

A) a rabbi.
B) the Messiah.
C) a military leader.
D) a philosopher.
E) a demi-god.

Question 36

Why was becoming Christian considered an act of disloyalty in the Roman Empire?

A) Rome had a strong monotheistic tradition.
B) Christians could not worship the emperor as a deity.
C) Rome required all citizens to learn about all world religions.
D) Christian theology demanded that all people live in a Christian utopia.
E) One of Christianity's aims was to overthrow dictators.

Question 37

Starting with the reign of Augustus, the Roman army was reorganized and redeployed to

A) face the threat from the Parthian Empire.
B) shift from an offensive to a defensive strategy.
C) fight several civil wars against other Romans.
D) allow non-Romans into the military.
E) invade Russia.

Question 38

It was customary for young brides in China to

A) marry for love.
B) live with their husbands' families.
C) continue their education after marriage.
D) play a public role in their village.
E) take over family leadership from their mothers-in-law.

Question 39

The conversion to Christianity of which Roman emperor ushered in a time of tolerance, acceptance, and eventual dominance of Christianity?

A) Diocletian
B) Tiberius
C) Constantine
D) Brucellosis
E) Claudius

Question 40

What city became the new imperial capital of the Roman Empire in 324 C.E.?

A) Damascus
B) Alexandria
C) Athens
D) Carthage
E) Constantinople

Question 41

The leading export commodity of China during the Han was

A) cotton textiles.
B) rice.
C) silk.
D) tea.
E) porcelain.

Question 42

Which of the following is not generally considered a contributing factor to the fall of the Han Empire?

A) Corruption within the government
B) Attacks by non-Chinese from across the frontiers
C) The frustration of hungry peasants
D) The subversive ideas of Buddhism
E) The failure of the Han reforms

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
patron/client relationship

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
equites

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Principate

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Jesus

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Romanization

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Republic

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
pax romana

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Senate

Question 51

Which of the following was the primary reason for the fall of the Qin Empire upon the death of Shi Huangdi?

A) Shi Huangdi's son was a weak ruler.
B) The provincial aristocracy was complacent.
C) Incorporation in the empire of different ethnicities.
D) Unification of the nomads under Maodun.
E) Oppressive labor requirements of the population for military and infrastructure building.

Question 52

Which of the following statements best describes the situation in the Han Dynasty upon the death of Gaozu?

A) Real power initially fell on his son Wu.
B) Subsequent rulers placated nomadic confederations with goods and political marriages.
C) Real power resided in his wife, Empress Lu.
D) Subsequent rulers immediately emphasized Legalism.

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Paul

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Augustus

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Constantine

Question 56

Which of the following were the more important Han innovations?

A) the horse collar, the watermill, and the crossbow.
B) the saddle, penicillin, and bronze.
C) alcohol, the wheel, and glass.
D) the canal, the three-field system, and concrete.
E) the wheel, the stirrup, and the pulley.

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
third-century crisis

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Qin

Question 59

The well-planned urban capital of the Han dynasty was

A) Beijing.
B) Seoul.
C) Nanjing.
D) Chang'an.
E) Hong Kong.

Question 60

How did Gaozu, the rebel leader who brought down the Qin empire, deal with the Xiongnu confederation threat?

A) he took a massive army north and defeated them soundly.
B) he adopted a policy of appeasement.
C) he formed an alliance with Mongols to wipe them out.
D) he incorporated them into the Han empire.
E) none of these.

Question 61

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Diocletian

Question 62

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Christian

Question 63

Compare and contrast the rise of the first unified Roman and Chinese empires from small states.

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Han

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Chang'an

Question 66

Describe the rise of the Han dynasty in China.

Question 67

Discuss the unification of China under the Qin dynasty. What policies did the first emperor, Shi Huangdi, establish to create a unified Chinese civilization?

Question 68

Explain the reasons for the expansion of the Roman Empire.

Question 69

Explain the expansion of Christianity at the same time that Rome was in decline. Are these factors related?

Question 70

What was the basis of the Chinese social order under the Han dynasty? Describe the lives of the Chinese people during this period, paying particular attention to women's roles.

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
paterfamilias

Question 72

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Liu Bang

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Han

Question 74

Describe the problems that led to the Roman Empire's "third-century crisis."

Question 75

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
latifundia

Question 76

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Xiongnu

Question 77

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Shi Huangdi

Question 78

Discuss the impact of Jesus on his followers. What was the Roman context in which he lived and, ultimately, why was he executed?

Question 79

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Sima Qian

Question 80

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Gaozu