Deck 16: The Health Care System

Question 1

Patient dumping occurs when __________.

A) the costs of private hospitals implicitly deny services to many poor patients
B) health insurance plans refuse to cover poor customers
C) insurance companies cancel coverage for those who utilize health care above their monthly payments
D) patients are prescribed generic brands instead of brand name prescriptions

Answer 1

A

Question 2

As a result of managed care, patients __________.

A) have a more personalized health care experience
B) often are unable to see the same doctor
C) have a better relationship with their doctors
D) have more autonomy

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Ordering extra tests even though the doctor thinks they are probably unnecessary is an example of __________.

A) medlining
B) patient dumping
C) defensive medicine
D) triage

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The surge in Managed Care Networks and the shift to physicians as employers began ______.

A) in the 1970s
B) after World War II
C) with the Affordable Care Act
D) in the 1990s

Question 5

The profit margin for pharmaceutical companies is about __________ percent.

A) 5
B) 17
C) 30
D) 50

Question 6

__________ is a strategy used by for-profit hospitals to optimize profits.

A) Avoiding locating hospitals in high-income areas
B) Locating in states and neighborhoods with well-insured populations
C) Maintaining money-making facilities like emergency rooms, neonatal units, etc.
D) Using online systems like WebMD instead of real-life physicians

Question 7

Which country spends the largest percentage of its gross national product for health care services?

A) The United States
B) Japan
C) Great Britain
D) France

Question 8

The negative consequences associated with managed care include the fact that __________.

A) physicians are no longer able to act as a patient's advocate
B) decisions about patients are made by physicians and patients
C) physicians are encouraged to treat fewer and fewer patients
D) patients have less paperwork and lower administrative costs

Question 9

Which of the following provides government health care benefits for the aged?

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Blue Cross/Blue Shield
D) Dunbarton Act

Question 10

Prior to the 2010 health care reform in the United States, the uninsured __________.

A) had no access to health care
B) had no ability to apply for government programs
C) were guaranteed health care only at emergency rooms in public hospitals
D) were given vouchers for private insurance

Question 11

Medlining practices __________.

A) increase the likelihood that chronically ill low-income patients will receive a basic level of appropriate medical treatment
B) ensure that chronically ill low-income patients receive a high level of care regardless of their ability to pay
C) are to the medical industry what redlining practices are in the banking and insurance industries
D) are fundamental components of Medicare and Medicaid

Question 12

The average income of general practitioners is ______ of what specialists make.

A) more than two-thirds
B) more than half
C) less than half
D) less than one-third

Question 13

Which of the following provides government health care for the poor?

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Blue Cross/Blue Shield
D) Health maintenance organizations

Question 14

Patient dumping __________.

A) happens when patients suddenly "dump" or drop their health insurance plan and decide to go without insurance
B) increases the pressure on for-profit hospitals
C) occurs when hospitals avoid treating patients who can't afford to pay for their services
D) is illegal

Question 15

What is a strategy employers use to reduce their costs for employee medical benefits?

A) Not providing health care benefits for their employees altogether
B) Extending coverage to more of their part-time workers to spread the cost among more people
C) Lowering the proportion the employee pays for premiums
D) Passing savings on benefits along to employees

Question 16

Lack of health insurance kills ______ people per year.

A) 11,00
B) 13,000
C) 26,000
D) 45,000

Question 17

When compared to health care in other advanced, industrialized democracies, the United States has a relatively __________.

A) low rate of avoidable deaths
B) high infant mortality rate
C) high healthy life expectancy at age 60
D) high return on its health investment

Question 18

One _________ strategy is to not have physicians who treat severe conditions in the network.

A) Medicaid
B) Medicare
C) medlining
D) patient dumping

Question 19

The practice by managed-care companies of limiting the number of patients with health problems and maximizing the number of healthy patients is known as __________.

A) medlining
B) patient dumping
C) redlining
D) triage

Question 20

Some physicians practice __________, which may protect them from lawsuits, but also drives up the costs of health care by increasing the numbers of tests and procedures.

A) medlining
B) patient dumping
C) defensive medicine
D) triage

Question 21

Josh grew up in an upper-class family with regular doctor visits and access to health resources like exercise equipment and nutritionists. He understands the things he needs to do to live a healthy lifestyle. Josh's situation illustrates __________.

A) the greater access to positive health habits the wealthy have
B) how much more Josh cares about his health than other people
C) the priority the wealthy put on health care
D) the importance of government intervention in health care

Question 22

Women are less likely to have health insurance because __________.

A) they do not suffer from the severe health issues that characterize their male counterparts
B) they are more likely employed in part-time jobs that do not provide health insurance
C) they are more likely to risk unnecessary surgery for cosmetic reasons
D) their husbands and partners prohibit them from having health insurance

Question 23

A tax-supported health program in which the government is the sole insurer is __________.

A) managed care
B) a health maintenance organization
C) Blue Cross/Blue Shield
D) a single-payer plan

Question 24

The poor are __________ the affluent to die from cancer.

A) more likely than
B) slightly less likely than
C) significantly less likely than
D) just as likely as

Question 25

Regardless of whether you use level of education, annual income, or total family wealth, it is inescapable that __________ is a significant determinate of health in the United States.

A) race
B) social class
C) gender
D) political affiliation

Question 26

Tuberculosis is an example of __________, which is especially found among the poor.

A) a communicable disease
B) cancer
C) a vision problem
D) heart disease

Question 27

The poorer you are, the more likely you are to __________.

A) avoid tobacco
B) have a diet of plain, raw vegetables
C) not have access to medical services
D) live longer

Question 28

In a "single-payer plan," __________.

A) profit for stockholders and payment of stock dividends is the primary motive behind health Care delivery
B) the government collects premiums and pays bills
C) a one-time lifetime payment for health insurance is required from every citizen
D) each extended family has only one designated relative who pays all medical bills for the family

Question 29

The Beveridge Model of health care is found in __________.

A) France
B) Japan
C) Cuba
D) the United States

Question 30

A serious problem associated with Medicaid is that __________.

A) many physicians refuse to treat Medicaid patients
B) many physicians recruit Medicaid patients who are not even sick
C) Medicaid patients use a greater than proportional share of the health care system
D) it is underused and not known about by the people who need it

Question 31

The ways that privilege in society translates into better health care include that the privileged __________.

A) are less knowledgeable about positive health habits
B) live in urban environments in the crucial first five years of life
C) have better access to quality health care
D) are more motivated to care about their health

Question 32

Which women are least likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer?

A) Asian American women
B) African American women
C) White women
D) Latina women

Question 33

That __________ is one of the negative consequences of racial minorities relying on emergency room and hospital outpatient departments for their health care.

A) they meet regularly with a familiar doctor who monitors their health
B) the number of hospitals near where poor and minorities are more likely to live is decreasing
C) federal guidelines require that primary care physicians to be assigned based on a first-come, first-serve basis
D) minorities are often discriminated against in obtaining health care except when such care is available

Question 34

The Bismarck Model of health care is found in __________.

A) Belgium
B) Italy
C) Spain
D) Cuba

Question 35

Males are more likely than females to __________.

A) receive poor health care
B) use prescription drugs
C) behave in more risky and assertive ways
D) be abused

Question 36

That __________ is one reason why the poor receive inferior service from the health care community.

A) they are often served by understaffed clinics and hospitals
B) there are more hospitals in poor areas
C) they tend to have more access to health care
D) overt discrimination has ended

Question 37

The fact that two-thirds of new HIV infections occur among Black women illustrates __________.

A) that Black women do not care about their long-term health
B) the intersection of race, class, and gender with HIV
C) the lack of public awareness about HIV
D) that White people are less genetically susceptible to HIV infection

Question 38

Race is a significant determinant of __________.

A) life expectancy
B) weight loss motivation
C) a desire to be healthy
D) physical disability

Question 39

The National Health Insurance Model of care is found in __________.

A) Canada
B) Belgium
C) Cuba
D) the United States

Question 40

When the uninsured go to a doctor, they pay __________ for services than the more well-to-do insured patients; the uninsured are also __________ likely to receive inferior service.

A) more; more
B) more; less
C) less; more
D) less; less

Question 41

__________ U.S. presidents have tried to pass some version of health care reform.

A) Multiple
B) All
C) Few
D) No

Question 42

__________ practices increase the likelihood that chronically ill low-income patients will receive at least a basic level of appropriate medical treatment.

Question 43

_____ is the leading cause of death for Blacks 25-44.

Question 44

__________ was a prominent political tactic used to oppose the Obama health care plan.

A) Compromise
B) Acquiescence
C) Lobbying
D) Caving in

Question 45

In 2010, the largest health care companies combined for approximately __________ billion dollars in profits.

Question 46

__________ not only increases the quality of care at private hospitals, which drives up profits and furthers health care segregation, it also leads to overcrowding and poorer care at public hospitals.

Question 47

All things considered, women receive __________ quality health care than men.

Question 48

Julianne wants a health care plan where everyone is guaranteed health care coverage and the insurance companies, although private, cannot make a profit. She would support the __________ model.

A) Bismarck
B) Beveridge
C) National Health Insurance
D) Fee for Service

Question 49

Even when the poor and/or __________ have access to medical care, they do not receive the same quality of care.

Question 50

Juan supports a single-payer option for health Care but with private health care providers. This is known as the __________ model.

A) Bismarck
B) Beveridge
C) National Health Insurance
D) Fee for Service

Question 51

In the National Health Insurance Model, __________.

A) elements from both the Bismarck Model and the Beveridge Model are found
B) doctors are government employees
C) insurance companies pay the bills
D) patients are required to wait at least three months for all basic care

Question 52

The new U.S. health care system signed into law in 2010 __________.

A) requires all people to get a government-sponsored insurance plan
B) requires everyone to have health insurance
C) forces younger adults off of their parents' health insurance plans earlier
D) requires businesses of all sizes to provide employee health care

Question 53

Martin has been dealing with hospital bills and paperwork from a recent emergency room visit. His paperwork is mounting and is routinely mishandled and lost in the system. He supports a __________ plan that would greatly reduce administrative costs and complexity.

A) fee for service
B) employer supported insurance
C) single-payer
D) electronic medical records

Question 54

Poor pregnant women going without prenatal care is an example of the way that __________ impacts health care.

Question 55

Health-related companies spent __________ million on lobbying in 2009.

A) $68
B) $100
C) $648
D) $800

Question 56

The money paid out by insurance companies for health care is referred to as a(n) __________, reflecting the contradiction of the profit motive in health care.

Question 57

Black women are __________ likely than their white counterparts to be diagnosed with breast cancer.

Question 58

Allison is a 24-year-old recent college graduate who has not yet managed to find employment. She is likely to __________ the new Affordable Health Care Act.

A) not have heard of
B) support
C) oppose
D) be indifferent about

Question 59

The elderly take an average of __________ prescription drugs per person.

Question 60

Giancarlo does not like paying medical bills. He wants a health care system very similar to the U.S. Department of Veteran's Affairs based on the __________ model.

A) Bismarck
B) Beveridge
C) National Health Insurance
D) Fee for Service

Question 61

The number of people diagnosed with AIDS disproportionately affects minority men and women.

Question 62

Discuss the downside of managed care.

Question 63

The decline in the total number of hospitals and hospital beds is in large part the result of lower demand that can be traced to greatly improved preventive health care.

Question 64

Explain what may contribute to the disparities found in the United States with regard to AIDS.
Ideal

Question 65

Discuss and offer evidence to disprove the common belief that the poor are accountable for their own health deficiencies.

Question 66

What have been the consequences of the trend toward for-profit hospitals in the United States?

Question 67

Among rich industrialized societies, the most equal societies are the healthiest.

Question 68

The Obama health care plan is a good example of socialism.

Question 69

Emergency room services provided under Medicaid help streamline care for the very poor.

Question 70

Identify and discuss the health consequences that are related to racial minorities' health care coming primarily from hospital emergency rooms and outpatient clinics.
Ideal

Question 71

Males are less likely to be in automobile accidents, use illegal drugs and cigarettes, and take risky jobs than females.

Question 72

President Obama was the first president to try to adopt a universal health care system in this country.

Question 73

A "single-payer plan" refers to a privately funded health care program in which profit for stockholders and payment of stock dividends is the primary motive.

Question 74

Discuss the history of efforts to provide universal health care in the United States. What political tactics have been deployed to oppose universal health care? Why did health care reform finally pass now?
Ideal

Question 75

Explain the differences among the three forms of government-financed health insurance. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? Which one does our current health care reform, The Affordable Health Care Act, most resemble?
Ideal

Question 76

Explain the disparities found between the United States and Canada with regard to health care systems.

Question 77

How does gender affect health? Explain the intersection of the biological and the social aspects of women's health.
Ideal

Question 78

Since, as the government has confirmed, women were intentionally left out of earlier federally funded medical research, diseases that are more likely to strike women and the treatments that might affect women differently have largely been overlooked.

Question 79

Under managed care, the health care of patients has been taken out of the hands of hospitals and medical associations and left for doctors and their patients to manage.

Question 80

What are the components of a single-payer plan like Canada's that many find appealing?