Deck 9: Gender Inequality

Question 1

Which of the following is a way that families teach children about gender?

A) Getting gender-appropriate pets
B) Giving different toys to boys than to girls
C) Segregating most family activities by gender
D) Feeding children gender-specific foods

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The combination of traditional feminine and masculine characteristics refers to __________.

A) gender segregation
B) androgyny
C) patriarchy
D) gender stratification

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Taking a "feminist" approach refers to __________.

A) participating in women's protests and marches
B) supporting women's equality
C) participating in gender-specific activity
D) support of liberal sexual activity

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Title IX resulted in __________.

A) allowing girls to wear make-up to school
B) the elimination of discrimination against women in sports
C) more spending on women's sports
D) busing to create gender integration in schools

Question 5

The system of sexuality that imposes negative sanctions on those who are homosexual or bisexual refers to __________.

A) androgyny
B) capitalist patriarchy
C) compulsory heterosexuality
D) male dominance

Question 6

In high school, girls tend to __________.

A) receive higher grades than boys
B) get higher standardized test scores than boys
C) take more math and science courses than boys
D) play on integrated sports teams

Question 7

__________ is society's unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women.

A) Patriarchy
B) Matriarchy
C) Gender stratification
D) Androgyny

Question 8

__________ refers to cultural and social definitions of feminine and masculine.

A) Androgyny
B) Sex
C) Gender
D) Patriarchy

Question 9

The biological differences between men and women are __________.

A) misleading because of the importance of other influences such as culture
B) rigid and fixed after years of evolution
C) primarily determined by generations of ancient religious practices
D) nonexistent in the modern, egalitarian era

Question 10

We live in a society characterized by gendered institutions that support __________ in all aspects of social life.

A) feminism
B) matriarchy
C) male dominance
D) androgyny

Question 11

Jeff laments modern society characterized by increasing gender equality. He would rather live in a(n) __________ where men are the dominant sex.

A) matriarchy
B) patriarchy
C) androgyny
D) socialist society

Question 12

Individuals who are __________ have a gender identity that is different from their assigned, biological sex.

A) intersex
B) homosexual
C) transgender
D) pansexual

Question 13

Devon supports women's equality in all areas of social life including politics, religion, work, and home. Devon could be labeled as a __________.

A) functionalist
B) feminist
C) interactionist
D) conflict theorist

Question 14

Barrie Thorne, in a study of gender play, found that __________.

A) boys control less space
B) boys more often violate girls' activities
C) boys treat girls as equals when they play
D) children are unaware of gender at early ages

Question 15

A form of social organization in which men are dominant over women is known as __________.

A) androgyny
B) patriarchy
C) capitalism
D) matriarchy

Question 16

_________ is tied to other inequalities such as race, class, and sexuality to sort women and men differently.

A) cCapitalist patriarchy
B) Ccapitalist matriarchy
C) Ggender inequality
D) Ccompulsory capitalism

Question 17

__________ refers to the biological facts of femaleness and maleness.

A) Gender
B) Sex
C) Patriarchy
D) Androgyny

Question 18

__________ is a way of organizing the social world based on sexual identity.

A) Sexuality
B) Androgyny
C) Patriarchy
D) Gender polarization

Question 19

Which of the following aspect(s) of education is/are discriminatory?

A) Curriculum
B) Title IX
C) Teacher pay
D) After-school programs

Question 20

Beliefs, meanings, and placements that value men over women and that institutionalize male control of socially valued resources are known as __________.

A) gender polarization
B) capitalist patriarchy
C) compulsory heterosexuality
D) male dominance

Question 21

In 2010, women earned __________ cents for every dollar a man earned.

A) 81
B) 65
C) 53
D) 22

Question 22

Terms like "chick," "honey," and "sweetheart" are examples of __________ language that perpetuates male dominance.

A) trivializing
B) sexualizing
C) ignoring
D) policing

Question 23

In television commercials, women are __________.

A) less frequently shown cleaning than men
B) less likely to be in home than in work settings
C) less likely to be in beauty ads
D) less frequently shown than men

Question 24

In her essay for a sociology of gender course, Ellen takes the __________ approach because she believes that a differential rewards system explains gender inequality.

A) gender structure
B) gender roles
C) heterosexuality
D) glass ceiling

Question 25

Which of the following is a factor that has contributed to the gender earnings gap?

A) Women are concentrated in very few occupations.
B) Women enter the labor force at similar pay levels as men.
C) Because women have less education and experience, they are paid less than men.
D) Women are more nurturing and less competitive by nature.

Question 26

In our political institutions women are underrepresented __________.

A) only in the U.S. House of Representatives
B) only in the U.S. Senate
C) only on the U.S. Supreme Court
D) at all levels

Question 27

Which of the following characterizes women's status in the civilian labor force?

A) African American women have been the major beneficiaries of new opportunities.
B) White women have begun to replace African American women in female-dominated jobs.
C) White women's progress has been related to federal affirmative action guidelines.
D) There has been little change in women's status in the labor force over the last 50 years.

Question 28

Women are still oppressed by __________.

A) the social sciences
B) social locations
C) social movements
D) social institutions

Question 29

Research suggests that men who enter female-dominated fields often encounter __________.

A) job burn-out
B) a glass escalator
C) a glass ceiling
D) preferential treatment

Question 30

The pattern whereby women and men are situated in different jobs throughout the labor force is called __________.

A) patriarchy
B) gender stratification
C) gender segregation
D) gender integration

Question 31

Max thinks of himself as a tough risk taker who is also highly empathetic and nurturing. Max displays __________ characteristics.

A) masculine
B) feminine
C) androgynous
D) bisexual

Question 32

The glass __________ is an invisible barrier that limits women's upward occupational mobility.

A) ceiling
B) floor
C) wall
D) door

Question 33

The use of "guys" to refer to groups of mixed gender people is an example of __________ language which perpetuates male dominance.

A) trivializing
B) sexualizing
C) ignoring
D) policing

Question 34

The U.S. labor force has changed such that women's rate of participation has __________.

A) increased dramatically
B) decreased dramatically
C) increased slightly
D) decreased to almost zero

Question 35

If Charles is androgynous, we would expect him to have __________ stereotypically male sex role characteristics and __________ stereotypically female sex role characteristics.

A) few; many
B) many; few
C) many; many
D) few; few

Question 36

Some people believe males and females learn to be different through socialization in the family, schools, and religious and political institutions. These people take the __________ approach.

A) gender structure
B) gender roles
C) heterosexual
D) glass ceiling

Question 37

Studies of the U.S. mass media demonstrate that highly stereotyped behavior can be found in __________.

A) nearly all sectors including children's programming
B) only in adult programming
C) every advertisement
D) exclusively in music

Question 38

The greater likelihood for men to advance in what have traditionally been known as women's professions is known as the glass __________.

A) ceiling
B) escalator
C) ladder
D) door

Question 39

_________ of the religious denominations in the United States ordain women.

A) Half
B) One third
C) A quarter
D) None

Question 40

Language perpetuates male dominance by __________ women.

A) ignoring, trivializing, and sexualizing
B) marking, shirking, and categorizing
C) sifting, noting, and sorting
D) dominating, marginalizing, and classifying

Question 41

Alex focuses on the labor market itself when explaining how workplace inequality operates. She believes there are two separate segments with tiers that funnel women into low paid, less prestigious fields. Alex's ideas are consistent with __________ theory.

A) human capital
B) dual labor market
C) interactional
D) feminist

Question 42

__________ are still oppressed by religious institutions.

Question 43

Clerical work is a part of the __________ segment of the labor market.

Question 44

The __________ refers to invisible barriers that limit women's advancement into the upper levels of management.

Question 45

Feminist social movements in the United States are reactions to __________.

A) gender politics
B) gender inequality
C) reverse discrimination
D) female superiority

Question 46

Studies show that children's and adult programming, including commercials, is highly __________, with women being commonly portrayed as objects or villains.

Question 47

Domestic work is a part of the __________ segment of the labor market.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 48

The organization of the labor force is such that there are two separate segments: the __________ sector involving domestic and farm work, and the __________ sector involving industrial work.

Question 49

The American gender system organizes society in a way that makes women and men __________ equal.

Question 50

Human capital theory is an example of a(n) __________ explanation of women's workplace inequality.

A) individual
B) structural
C) interactional
D) psychological

Question 51

__________ perpetuates male dominance by ignoring (using "he" as the generic pronoun for all people), trivializing (treating domestic responsibilities as "women's work"), and sexualizing (using terms like "bimbos," "broads," etc.) women.

Question 52

Cecilia's research has led her to become a proponent of the __________ theory explanation of workplace inequality because she sees gender as embedded in an interlocking web of social interactions which stem from living in a society that has unequal gender relations.

A) human capital
B) dual labor market
C) interactional
D) feminist

Question 53

Mary has always worked hard at her job, gets glowing performance reviews, and has excellent qualifications. Yet she keeps getting passed over for promotions and does not see a clear path upward in her company while men less qualified than her advance more quickly. These men are likely being advanced by a glass __________.

A) ceiling
B) floor
C) wall
D) escalator

Question 54

Although limited in how much it can explain, __________ , which takes into account individual characteristics such as experience and education, is still a useful theory.

Question 55

Gender inequality is financially __________ for men.

Question 56

In the course of a debate, Jonathan advances the __________ theory to explain workplace inequality by arguing that women bring different characteristics to their jobs in the form of education and experience than men do.

A) human capital
B) dual labor market
C) interactional
D) feminist

Question 57

Which of the following are consequences of sexism and gender inequality?

A) Women are denied the potential for full human development.
B) Men suffer economically.
C) Corporations make less money.
D) Women feel valued by society.

Question 58

The __________ social movements have been aimed at overcoming gender inequality.

Question 59

Dual labor market theory is an example of a(n) __________explanation of women's workplace inequality.

A) individual
B) structural
C) interactional
D) psychological

Question 60

Mary has always worked hard at her job, gets glowing performance reviews, and has excellent qualifications. Yet she keeps getting passed over for promotions and does not see a clear path upward in her company while men less qualified than her advance more quickly. She is likely suffering from a glass __________.

A) ceiling
B) floor
C) wall
D) escalator

Question 61

How do toys play a part in gender socialization? Use examples from your own toys as a child to illustrate the role of toys and play in the process of socialization.
Ideal

Question 62

The earnings gap between men and women has narrowed, but still women's incomes are lower than men's in every racial group.

Question 63

The everyday fun and games of school children are actually power play where gender is constructed and enacted.

Question 64

How does sexism negatively affect men? In what ways would the world change positively for men if sexism did not exist anymore?
Ideal

Question 65

Television commercials help promote equality between the sexes.

Question 66

Discuss the ways in which gender and power are related.

Question 67

The gender inequality that women suffer has several different economic consequences but no long-term psychological effects.

Question 68

Identify and discuss the various aspects of the formal education system that contribute to gender inequality.

Question 69

Inequality for women in the workplace is affected by gender but not by race.

Question 70

There are numerous ways in which children's books still perpetuate stereotypical images.

Question 71

Compared to other industrialized nations, the United States ranks highest in terms of granting women access to political leadership roles.

Question 72

Discuss the social and economic consequences of being female in American society.
Ideal

Question 73

Discuss gender bias in the media.

Question 74

Discuss the links between religious belief and practice and gender.

Question 75

How does race intersect with gender to increase inequity? Give examples.
Ideal

Question 76

"Gender" refers to patterns of difference and domination through distinctions between women and men that organize the social world.

Question 77

Describe the history of feminism in the United States.

Question 78

Sexism negatively affects men as well as women.

Question 79

Because of Title IX, discrimination against women in sports has disappeared.

Question 80

Differentiate between the glass ceiling and the glass escalator. Give an example of each.
Ideal