Deck 10: Disability and Ableism

Question 1

Mark has a reduced ability to perform normal tasks. This is exacerbated by the individual and institutional discrimination he encounters because he cannot engage in normal activities. Mark has a __________.

A) impairment
B) disability
C) stigma
D) master status

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A(n) __________, like disability, is a universal and undeniable reality.

A) stigma
B) individual approach to disability
C) social model of disability
D) ontological truth

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The U.S. federal government largely defines disability from the __________ model.

A) social
B) paramedical
C) paralegal
D) individual

Answer 3

D

Question 4

__________ of Americans have some form of impairment, and the probability of disability increases for everyone with age.

A) Almost 4 percent
B) About 10 percent
C) Over 20 percent
D) Over 30 percent

Question 5

Discrimination in favor of the able-bodied is known as __________.

A) disabilaphobia
B) the able-bodied advantage
C) handicappism
D) ableism

Question 6

Disabled people often encounter which of the following responses?

A) Being celebrated
B) Being integrated
C) Being patronized
D) Being revered

Question 7

Mental retardation is an example of a __________.

A) matrix of domination
B) physical disability
C) social disability
D) master status

Question 8

According to the social model of disability, the consequence of having the power to define who will be classified as disabled results in the __________of the disabled.

A) empowerment
B) marginalization
C) normalization
D) integration

Question 9

The __________ approach to disability does not define disability in medical terms, instead opts to focus on structural conditions present in the world.

A) social
B) medical
C) detrimental
D) parasocial

Question 10

The __________ approach to disability defines disability in terms of some physiological impairment, either mental or physical, such as an inability to walk or function with adequate mental capacity due either to genetics or accident.

A) social
B) medical
C) paralegal
D) parasocial

Question 11

Marcy is an academic who believes that disability should be treated as a difference with value rather than as a difference with defect. She comes from a __________ approach.

A) matrix of domination
B) a hegemonic
C) disability studies
D) political sociology

Question 12

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was originally called the __________.

A) Education for all Handicapped Children Act
B) No Child Left Behind Act
C) Education for All Act
D) Children with Disabilities Education Act

Question 13

According to the __________ approach to disability, people with disabilities are oppressed by societal views of normality.

A) legal
B) medical
C) educational
D) social

Question 14

A status that has exceptional importance for social identity and overshadows other statuses is a __________.

A) stigma
B) matrix of domination
C) master status
D) social movement

Question 15

The __________ defines disability in terms of some physiological impairment due to genetics, accident, or disease.

A) psychological model
B) individual approach to disability
C) social model of disability
D) ontological model

Question 16

The individual model of disability is also known as the __________ model of disability.

A) social
B) paramedical
C) paralegal
D) medical

Question 17

Marek points to the fact that when someone is disabled the existence of his/her condition is undeniable as evidence for his argument that disability is primarily an individual, medical issue. Marek's argument relies on the notion of disability as a(n) __________.

A) matrix of domination
B) hegemonic structure
C) ontological truth
D) social discrimination

Question 18

Adherents of this model advocate viewing disability through the lens of the __________ model.

A) medicentric
B) legal
C) social
D) medical

Question 19

While Zek sees the point in rehabilitation to help people learn to deal with their own disability, his thoughts are more in line with a(n) __________ approach to disability which focuses rehabilitation on removing barriers to participation because he thinks the problem resides outside of the individual.

A) medical model
B) individual
C) ontological
D) social model

Question 20

The way people with able bodies view people with disabilities and the institutionalization of these views are central concerns of the __________.

A) psychological model
B) individual approach to disability
C) social model of disability
D) ontological model

Question 21

The disabled are __________.

A) often subjected to "de facto" segregation
B) less likely to have lower annual incomes than those who do not have disabilities
C) not as likely to be unemployed
D) usually integrated into society with the exception of athletic events

Question 22

Disability is not just a master status but a master status with a(n) __________, which implies that the disabled have one or more characteristics that the majority defines as abnormal.

A) stigma
B) sanction
C) recidivism
D) identity

Question 23

When disabled men experience stereotyping they __________.

A) may cope with their failure to live up to the hegemonic norms by being less competitive
B) tend to be treated as weak, pitiful, and dependent rather than being treated as strong, independent, and self-reliant
C) may reject society's standards by denying their disability
D) take on a feminine identity

Question 24

The American focus on individuality and personal will masks the structural deficiencies and challenges facing people with disabilities and contributes to a culture of __________, wherein people without disabilities enact norms to retain their privileged status.

A) hegemony
B) ableism
C) domination
D) barrierism

Question 25

Central to the idea of __________ is that hierarchies of class, race, gender, sexuality, and disability in which each of us exists are simply additive in terms of the inequality they produce.

A) the matrix of domination
B) hegemony
C) ableism
D) stigma

Question 26

Terms like "cripple," "gimp," and "retard" are examples of __________.

A) derogatory naming
B) impairment
C) ontological truth
D) master status

Question 27

The dominant belief system that privileges the group in power is referred to as__________.

A) a social movement
B) stigmatic
C) hegemonic
D) the matrix of domination

Question 28

Facing a negative evaluation, being treated as different, and being treated as though there is a deficiency are all a part of being a __________.

A) part of the master class
B) master status
C) stigmatized "other"
D) person with a mental disability

Question 29

The fact that a Black disabled woman experiences her oppression differently than a White disabled man reflects the matrix of __________.

A) disability
B) handicap
C) domination
D) oppression

Question 30

The dominant members of society associate disability with __________.

A) lacking "normal" interests, abilities, and concerns
B) deserving of respect and fair treatment
C) being an economic asset
D) being as fully capable as the able-bodied

Question 31

When compared to their male counterparts, women with disabilities are __________.

A) less disadvantaged when it comes to traditional roles
B) more likely to be employed
C) more likely to be unemployed
D) more likely to be active in hyper competitive sports

Question 32

Geoffrey is a paraplegic. His disability sets him apart and he often feels the __________ of being devalued and disgraced.

A) stigma
B) matrix of domination
C) master status
D) social movement

Question 33

The fact that minority groups are the last to be hired and the first to be fired is evidence of __________ and applies to people with disabilities as well as other minorities.

A) a matrix of domination
B) a hegemonic structure
C) ableism
D) discrimination

Question 34

__________ is a central component of rehabilitation under the social model of disability.

A) Removal of architectural or other physical barriers
B) Demonstrating that the disabled are fundamentally different people
C) Showing that stereotypes can actually be useful
D) Medication to improve the conditions of the disabled

Question 35

"Special education" has had the effect of __________.

A) giving the disabled a boost
B) separating children with disabilities from their "able" classmates
C) treating disabilities as being fixable
D) making those with disabilities more socially acceptable to their nondisabled peers

Question 36

In terms of their sexual relationships, the disabled tend to be treated __________.

A) as asexual, or at best inadequate
B) much like any other group of heterosexuals
C) as though they are all homosexual
D) as a sexual curiosity

Question 37

Disability shares a number of characteristics common to other socially constructed and marginalized categories of people, including the way __________.

A) the disabled are frequently treated as equals
B) their "differentness" fails to mature to a master status
C) the disabled are often stigmatized and stereotyped
D) people are accommodating to different abilities

Question 38

Minority statuses are not simply additive, instead they are __________, reflecting a matrix of domination.

A) stigmatizing
B) hegemonic
C) collective
D) reductive

Question 39

People with disabilities often have difficulty finding partners because __________.

A) they can't access places where nondisabled people make social contacts
B) many have paid employment and very little free time
C) they are often isolated because they cannot leave their home
D) disabilities are so rare that nobody understands them

Question 40

A disability often distinguishes individuals from the majority and is both internalized and outwardly stigmatizing. When experienced this way, disability is a __________.

A) matrix
B) master status
C) mischaracterization
D) trait

Question 41

Generally, people with disabilities earn __________than their nondisabled counterparts.

Question 42

The Americans with Disabilities Act is a form of __________ rights legislation.

Question 43

__________ implicitly allows the nondisabled to minimize the social aspects of disability.

Question 44

The __________to disability defines disability as primarily an individual issue.

Question 45

Disability rights are part of a larger more fundament goal for a progressive society that falls under the umbrella term of __________.

Question 46

Alexi is tired of getting rejected or going unnoticed at bars, clubs, and other "normal" places where people meet and date. He has taken to reading the personal advertisements in disability publications in order to get around the culture of __________ that stigmatizes him and keeps him from being seen as an attractive partner for "normal" people.

A) ableism
B) hegemony
C) abortion
D) domination

Question 47

The phrase "__________," as opposed to "a disabled person," counteracts the problem of defining a person wholly by their disability.

Question 48

Erving Goffman described __________ as a spoiled identity with negative consequences.

Question 49

The disability rights movement has been successful in __________.

A) ensuring a free and appropriate public education and related services to children with disabilities
B) securing adequate political representation
C) eliminating discrimination against people with disabilities
D) eliminating stigma for people with disabilities

Question 50

Throughout history people have always exercised their own __________ to turn feelings of frustration into action to change a social structure and belief system. This is especially true for people with disabilities.

A) morals
B) agency
C) theories
D) civil rights

Question 51

The ADA provided for __________.

A) only those with physical disabilities
B) accessible buildings
C) in-home assistance for everyone who needs it
D) employment quotas

Question 52

The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law and __________.

A) it has been greatly strengthened since then
B) it has been strongly enforced ever since
C) it has been greatly weakened by setbacks since then
D) there has been no change in the strength of the law since then

Question 53

More than a decade after the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act and other favorable legislation, the evidence is that __________.

A) the rates of unemployment and poverty among the disabled are lower than any other minority group
B) the rates of unemployment and poverty among the disabled remain the highest for any minority group
C) the unemployment rate for the disabled has greatly improved but the poverty rate stays high
D) the disabled have the same quality of life as the nondisabled

Question 54

A group that develops an organization and tactics to promote or resist social change in society about a group or issue such as disability rights is called a __________.

A) hegemony
B) social movement
C) stigma
D) matrix of domination

Question 55

Only __________ percent of Americans with a disability were born with it.

Question 56

The combination of multiple forms of oppression, known as the __________, means that some people experience their disability along with other statuses that are also stigmatizing.

Question 57

The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law by __________.

A) President George W. Bush
B) President George H. W. Bush
C) President Ronald Reagan
D) President Bill Clinton

Question 58

The media tend to __________.

A) treat the Americans with Disabilities Act as a regulatory issue rather than a human rights issue
B) be actively supportive of the disabled and the Americans with Disabilities Act
C) largely overlook the issues related to the Americans with Disabilities Act
D) carry a message that the Americans with Disabilities Act doesn't go "far enough" in forcing businesses to comply

Question 59

Mary lost her arm as a result of a mountaineering accident and her brother John was born with mental retardation. Of Mary and John, __________ is likely to be more stigmatized in American society.

Question 60

The disability rights movement, a social movement on its own, nevertheless benefitted from being part of the __________ era that saw major advancements for many minority groups.

A) progressive
B) civil rights
C) civil war
D) depression

Question 61

How do labels affect people with disabilities? What role do they play in creating a master status with a stigma?
Ideal

Question 62

The social approach to disability defines disability in terms of some physiological impairment due to genetic heritage, accident, or disease.

Question 63

In what ways has the Americans with Disabilities Act been weakened since its passage?

Question 64

People with disabilities are a heterogeneous category.

Question 65

What promotes the likelihood that people with disabilities may have difficulty finding romantic and sexual partners?
Ideal

Question 66

The Americans with Disabilities Act has ended discrimination against people with disabilities.

Question 67

When the authors acknowledge that there is an ontological truth about disabilities, they are saying that disability is a social construction.

Question 68

Discuss the benefits of using one theoretical approach to disability instead of another in terms of the attitudes toward rehabilitation. Provide examples of how each approach might impact rehabilitation.
Ideal

Question 69

Being treated as a stigmatized "other" places the person in the position of facing negative evaluation and being treated not just as different but as deficient.

Question 70

The disability rights movement first sought to ensure that the disabled have ready access to all public buildings and bathroom facilities and to draw attention to the demeaning characterization of the disabled by people like Jerry Lewis.

Question 71

Because the focus of the medical approach to disability is on the individual, the goal of health practitioners is to rehabilitate or at least minimize what are seen as the negative consequences of an individual's disability.

Question 72

What are the origins of the disability rights movement?

Question 73

Explain what is meant by the matrix of domination.

Question 74

Following his election in 1980, Ronald Reagan enacted policies that greatly strengthened the previously established guarantees for the rights of the disabled.

Question 75

Discuss the differences between men and women in terms of the way their disabilities affect them.

Question 76

Discuss the impact the Americans with Disabilities Act has had on the lives of the disabled. How do you imagine daily life has changed? Does the ADA reflect a more medical or social approach?
Ideal

Question 77

Why do the authors of the text consider women with disabilities more disadvantaged over men with impairments?

Question 78

A key reason people with disabilities have difficulty finding romantic and sexual partners is that they prefer to stay away from places where nondisabled people hang out.

Question 79

Discuss the accomplishments of and challenges to the disability rights movement.
Ideal

Question 80

The hegemonic belief system in the United States works to reduce the privileges of men who are strong and self-reliant over those who are physically disabled.