Deck 6: Environmental Conservation: Forests,grasslands,parks,and Nature Preserves

Question 1

Economically,monoculture forestry is advantageous for the loggers because

A)it produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use,such as building timber or paper pulp.
B)it is labor-intensive and thus increases job opportunities for local people.
C)high levels of pesticides and herbicides may be needed,therefore there is more money spent and in the system.
D)the increase in wildlife diversity is beneficial to the tourism industry.
E)a mix of the different trees leads to a good resource base if the market for one type of timber falls.

Answer 1

it produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use,such as building timber or paper pulp.

Question 2

Knowing that there are many endangered species found in the old growth forests of the United States,what might you expect remains today of all the old growth forests that stood in the United States before European settlement?

A)about 90 percent
B)about 35 percent
C)about 50 percent
D)about 25 percent
E)less than 10 percent

Answer 2

less than 10 percent

Question 3

The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually

A)gullying.
B)the absence of trees.
C)the compaction of soils.
D)desertification.
E)the disappearance of palatable herbs.

Answer 3

the disappearance of palatable herbs.

Question 4

________ are a proposed solution to enhance species survival by effectively creating a large preserve from several smaller ones.

A)Edge effects
B)Core habitat
C)Corridors
D)Biomes
E)Pathways

Question 5

The primary aim of the U.S.Forest Service has historically been to provide ________ based on Pinchot's philosophy of ________.

A)the benefits of forests for current and future populations;ecocentric preservation
B)fire patrols to protect ancient forests;biocentric preservation
C)wildlife habitat;biocentric preservation
D)public recreation and education;pragmatic conservation
E)timber to logging companies;pragmatic conservation

Question 6

Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to

A)excessive populations of wild ungulates.
B)overcrowding of private livestock.
C)too many publicly owned animals on public lands.
D)excessive urban settlement in the West.
E)the lack of water.

Question 7

Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it

A)is the most environmentally sustainable type of harvest.
B)is the most efficient way to get valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early successional trees.
C)is the most efficient,cheapest harvest method using large,fast machinery instead of costly labor.
D)is the most effective way to refresh soil with sun and rain.
E)does not waste any trees.

Question 8

The causes of deforestation include the following factors,except

A)logging.
B)agriculture.
C)shifting cultivation.
D)building roads.
E)indigenous people.

Question 9

Annually,the Forest Service ________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis on ________.

A)makes a profit;building roads into wilderness areas
B)loses money;building roads into wilderness areas
C)loses money;exporting logs to Canada
D)makes a profit;exporting logs to Canada
E)loses money;replanting

Question 10

Since tropical forests typically have only a few commercially valuable trees per acre,logging operations

A)usually do little damage to the trees that are left.
B)do extensive damage because of road building and injury to surrounding trees.
C)generally do not encourage conversion of the forest to farmland.
D)are usually not successful.
E)Tropical forests typically have many more than a few commercially valuable trees per acre.

Question 11

Old-growth forests are notable for containing species that

A)are exotic in North America.
B)have an unusually high market value.
C)are highly adapted to their special environment.
D)are found in other North American forests,in very different environmental conditions.
E)migrate long distances to feed in the old-growth forests.

Question 12

Seasonal migration allows grazing livestock to

A)use the most fertile pastures continuously.
B)use marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage.
C)produce more young animals with less range.
D)depend more on domestic pastures.
E)use only the most nutritious plants in a pasture.

Question 13

The highest rate of forest loss occurs in

A)Asia.
B)North America.
C)South America.
D)Africa.
E)Europe.

Question 14

National parks are an important part of our heritage,

A)and they remain pristine and undisturbed because of their park status.
B)but they lack any protection from mining,logging,and grazing.
C)but they are endangered by overcrowding,pollution,and in some places,mining.
D)but unfortunately exist only in remote inaccessible areas.
E)but they are endangered by overcrowding.

Question 15

The IUCN world conservation strategy is directed at protecting

A)resources from human use.
B)endangered species.
C)wildlife from poaching.
D)world climate stability.
E)ecosystems and biodiversity.

Question 16

Monetary inputs to local economies due to the presence of parks and reserves is

A)ecotourism.
B)the Man and the Biosphere concept.
C)hotspot management.
D)a form of REDD.
E)causing the destruction of the parks and preserves through overuse.

Question 17

In general,the global range of world deserts are

A)decreasing as world climate becomes wetter.
B)increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide.
C)increasing because of logging and grazing.
D)decreasing because of massive reforestation.
E)about the same in area but have many threatened species of plants.

Question 18

Over the past decade,the number of park visitors has ________ and park budgets have ________.

A)increased by more than one half;increased by about 25%
B)increased by one third;decreased by about 25%
C)decreased by more than one half;decreased by about 25%
D)decreased by one third;increased by about 25%
E)stayed about the same;decreased by about 25%

Question 19

Although most of the world's forests are shrinking,biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because

A)they contain such high biodiversity.
B)tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world.
C)they contain irreplaceable wood resources.
D)there are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type.
E)All of these are reasons that biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss.

Question 20

The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is probably

A)logging.
B)cattle grazing.
C)monoculture agroforestry.
D)intensive,efficient modern row cropping.
E)milpa farming.

Question 21

An increased number of cowbirds (a species that likes areas where grassland and forests meet)would be an indicator of

A)overharvest of timber.
B)overgrazing of grasslands.
C)increased edge habitat.
D)decreased biodiversity.
E)lack of proper habitat management.

Question 22

Of the categories of protected areas,which describes a type that has the most allowed human impact?

A)cultural landscapes and Recreation areas
B)national parks
C)wilderness areas
D)wildlife management areas
E)natural monuments

Question 23

Diversity can be preserved by linking reserves together with corridors.

Question 24

A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be

A)a lack of biodiversity in those countries.
B)a lack of area suitable to set aside as a park or reserve.
C)the lack of scientific data to manage the parks and reserves.
D)the lack of money and infrastructure to manage the parks and preserves.
E)a lack of interest in the development of parks and preserves.

Question 25

A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is

A)utilitarian conservation.
B)biocentric preservation.
C)the REDD program.
D)ecosystem management.
E)pastoralism.

Question 26

What technique might you use to determine size and location of a preserve to protect grizzly bears?

A)GIS
B)REDD
C)adaptive management
D)PVA
E)MAB

Question 27

Which of the following likely has the least amount of land exhibiting edge effects.

A)a wilderness area that is 9000 km²
B)a city park with playgrounds and walking trails
C)a narrow area of land on each side of a river is part of a state park
D)a greenway bike trail through a city or town
E)a national park that contains hiking trails to cultural sites like battlefields

Question 28

Which of the following statements regarding wildlife refuges is true?

A)While they may face other obstacles,wildlife refuges rarely have notable pollution problems.
B)Hunting is not allowed in wildlife refuges.
C)The Bureau of Land Management has made it a priority to expand designated wilderness areas on their lands.
D)Wildlife refuges are managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
E)The size and number of refuges are increasing globally.

Question 29

Which nation listed below has the highest deforestation rate?

A)Brazil
B)Russia
C)Japan
D)India
E)Canada

Question 30

Considering the general relationship that the amount of land protected is an inverse relationship to the amount of that biome converted for human use,which of the following biome types likely has the least amount of area protected?

A)temperate grasslands
B)flooded grasslands
C)montane scrublands
D)boreal forest
E)tundra

Question 31

One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use ________ to link smaller habitat areas.

A)highways
B)eco-bridges
C)edge effects
D)corridors
E)GIS

Question 32

The UNESCO idea of biosphere reserves illustrates which of the following philosophies of environmental protection?

A)preservation and Utilitarian Conservation
B)preservation
C)utilitarian Conservation
D)wilderness
E)aesthetic environmentalism

Question 33

REDD is a forest protection program sponsored by the

A)United Nations Environment Program.
B)United States Endangered Species Program.
C)IPCC.
D)IUCN.

Question 34

The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns.

Question 35

Which forest harvest method would leave the forest as close to a natural old growth forest as possible?

A)clearcutting
B)selective harvest
C)strip cutting
D)shelterwood harvest
E)monoculture harvest

Question 36

Marine reserves are more common and easier to manage than terrestrial reserves.

Question 37

Preservation of genetic diversity essential for breeding programs to improve cultivated plants and domestic animals is part of the

A)REDD mission.
B)Endangered Species Act.
C)IUCN World Conservation Strategy.
D)UNESCO Man in the Biosphere program.

Question 38

United States national parks are managed by the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.

Question 39

A more sustainable form of managing grasslands is

A)swidden agriculture.
B)rotational grazing.
C)corridor development.
D)maintenance of edge habitat.

Question 40

The increase in which of the species below would indicate to you that the pasture you see is overgrazed?

A)bluestem
B)fescue
C)sage
D)bluegrass
E)sideoats