Deck 19: Nutritional Concepts and Related Therapies

Question 1

How many kcal/g does 1 g of alcohol provide?

A) 4 kcal/g
B) 5 kcal/g
C) 6 kcal/g
D) 7 kcal/g

Answer 1

7 kcal/g

Question 2

The nurse is explaining the activity recommendations from the USDA's new MyPlate plan.What is the minimum amount of moderate weekly exercise needed to balance nutritional intake?

A) 15 minutes
B) 1 hour and 15 minutes
C) 2 hours and 30 minutes
D) 60 minutes

Answer 2

2 hours and 30 minutes

Question 3

The nurse is providing information about high cholesterol levels.What is the rationale for avoiding saturated fats?

A) They block absorption of nutrients.
B) They interfere with metabolism.
C) They increase blood cholesterol.
D) They must be hydrogenated.

Answer 3

They increase blood cholesterol.

Question 4

When reviewing a patient's dietary intake,the nurse recommends that sugar consumption be reduced to the recommended daily level.What is this level?

A) No more than 24% of total daily kilocalories
B) No more than 16% of total daily kilocalories
C) No more than 8% of total daily kilocalories
D) No more than 4% of total daily kilocalories

Question 5

What is the body's storage form of carbohydrates,usually found in the liver with some storage in the muscles?

A) Sugar
B) Glucose
C) Lipids
D) Glycogen

Question 6

The nurse is educating a group of high school students regarding nutrition.How should the nurse respond when the students ask what occurs when protein,mineral,iron,and fat combine?

A) Body processes are regulated.
B) Energy is provided.
C) Tissue is built and repaired.
D) Body function is restored.

Question 7

The nurse explains that a patient with a heart problem should follow a decreased sodium diet.What will this diet help reduce the risk for or prevent?

A) Stroke
B) Fluid excretion
C) Heart attacks
D) Obesity

Question 8

The patient complains to the nurse that he feels terrible since he has been taking several different kinds of vitamin preparations.What should the nurse assess for indications of vitamin toxicity?

A) Edema
B) Hypertension
C) Fatigue
D) Diarrhea

Question 9

When discussing the digestion and metabolism of fat,the nurse tells the patient who has a history of cholecystitis and who is on a low-fat diet that fat must be emulsified to be digested.What is the substance necessary for emulsification?

A) Sugar
B) Cholesterol
C) Bile
D) Protein

Question 10

The body uses 22 common amino acids,but 9 of them must be obtained from protein in the diet.What are these proteins considered?

A) Essential
B) Basic
C) Fundamental
D) Primary

Question 11

What are elements that are found in food and necessary for good health but that the body cannot make?

A) Important nutrients
B) Lifesaving nutrients
C) Essential nutrients
D) Necessary nutrients

Question 12

What is the term for stored fat that insulates the body and serves as a cushion to protect organs?

A) Subcutaneous tissue
B) Adipose tissue
C) Cohesive tissue
D) Lipid tissue

Question 13

What has replaced the USDA's Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

A) Nutrition Recommended Allowance (NRA)
B) National Bionutritional Allowance (NBA)
C) Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
D) Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)

Question 14

A fit,young woman was at zero nitrogen balance.The nurse discovers that this patient is now pregnant with her first child.For what is this patient at risk?

A) Embolism
B) Anabolism
C) Catabolism
D) Metabolism

Question 15

The nurse cautions a patient with a pancreatic disorder that will interfere with the digestion of fats and may lead to a clotting disorder.What is the cause of these potential problems?

A) Inability to use vitamin B
B) Inability to use vitamin C
C) Inability to use vitamin D
D) Inability to use vitamin K

Question 16

To demonstrate the energy-producing potential of different foods,the nurse explains that 3 g of lean meat produces 12 kcal/g.How many kcal/g does 3 g of fish oil produce?

A) 6 kcal/g
B) 15 kcal/g
C) 21 kcal/g
D) 27 kcal/g

Question 17

The nurse is educating a patient on a vegan diet.What supplement will the nurse encourage this patient to take to avoid a deficiency?

A) B₆
B) B₁₂
C) K
D) D

Question 18

A patient taking a diuretic is assessed by the nurse as having an erratic pulse and muscle weakness.What should the nurse suspect is deficient?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Chloride
D) Iron

Question 19

The nurse makes nutrition a focus in the care plan.Where does nutrition play the most important role?

A) Weight control
B) Sustained appetite
C) Building strong bones
D) Health maintenance

Question 20

The home health nurse is caring for a patient that has undergone removal of a part of the stomach.For what should the nurse carefully assess this patient?

A) A stomach ulcer
B) Digestive problems
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Malabsorption

Question 21

A nurse caring for a patient who is prescribed a full-liquid diet recognizes that this diet lacks some nutrients.What nutrients are lacking?

A) Fat-soluble vitamins
B) Potassium
C) Iron and fiber
D) Water-soluble vitamins

Question 22

Which are the energy-providing food groups? (Select all that apply. )

A) Carbohydrates
B) Fats
C) Proteins
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals

Question 23

At approximately 4 to 6 months of age,solid food is introduced to a baby.What foods with high iron content should be recommended by the nurse?

A) Pureed fruit
B) Fortified cereals
C) Fruit juice
D) Rice

Question 24

The nurse has assessed a patient's body mass index (BMI)to be 19.6.This assessment of weight versus height indicates that this patient's weight category is in which category?

A) Low health risk
B) Overweight
C) Obese
D) Morbidly obese

Question 25

The nurse recognizes that when a patient is unable to consume adequate nutrition by mouth,an alternative route such as a feeding ostomy may be used.What is the proper term for feeding a patient by this method?

A) Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
B) Nasogastric
C) Enteral
D) Parenteral

Question 26

A patient who has hypertension is complaining about the lack of taste with the low-sodium diet that has been prescribed.What should the nurse emphasize that sodium may do?

A) Contribute to hypertension.
B) Interfere with blood clotting.
C) Produce stomach ulcers.
D) Decrease calcium in the bones.

Question 27

What is a nursing intervention to decrease the thirst of a patient who is on a fluid restriction?

A) Rinsing the mouth with warm water
B) Sipping carbonated drinks
C) Sucking on occasional ice chips
D) Limiting tooth brushing to once per day

Question 28

Insoluble _____________________ softens stools,speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract,and reduces pressure in the colon.

Question 29

The patient who had a gastrostomy complains to the nurse about frequent episodes of dumping syndrome.What can the nurse recommend to this patient to decrease this problem?

A) Eat small,frequent meals.
B) Include more fiber in meals.
C) Increase seasoning on food.
D) Limit intake to semiliquids.

Question 30

The nurse reminds the male patient with lactose intolerance that he can avoid the unpleasant symptoms of nausea,bloating,flatulence,and diarrhea,if he will avoid certain foods.What product should the patient be instructed to avoid?

A) Soy beans
B) Rice
C) Milk
D) High fiber

Question 31

The nurse is counseling a patient about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.What should the nurse stress that patients with type 2 diabetes are required to receive on a daily basis?

A) Regular carbohydrate-controlled meals
B) Oral hyperglycemic agents
C) Insulin injections
D) Stringent low-calorie diets

Question 32

Careful attention to carbohydrate consumption can improve metabolic control of diabetes.The nurse teaches a meal planning approach that focuses on the total amount of carbohydrates eaten at a meal.What is this meal planning approach called?

A) Carbohydrate splitting
B) Reduced caloric intake
C) Carbohydrate counting
D) Carbohydrate balancing

Question 33

The body mass index (BMI)of a man 6 ft tall weighing 250 lb is _______.

Question 34

The young woman who is breastfeeding will need an increase of calories and protein.What foods should the nurse suggest as sources of protein?

A) Green,leafy vegetables
B) Citrus fruits
C) Asparagus
D) Nuts

Question 35

A school nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about adequate nutrition.What increased intake should the nurse encourage?

A) Potassium and sodium
B) Chloride and magnesium
C) Iron and calcium
D) Vitamins and minerals

Question 36

The nurse teaches a patient who has a nonfunctioning or dysfunctional GI tract that total parenteral nutrition (TPN)will be infused.Where will the infusion occur?

A) Through the carotid artery
B) Through the superior vena cava
C) Through the femoral vein
D) Through the inferior vena cava

Question 37

To simplify food values,the measurement of energy obtained by food is defined as the ________.

Question 38

A patient diagnosed with renal failure is unable to excrete protein waste products and develops a condition that requires a protein-restricted diet.The nurse instructs the patient that azotemia can be diminished by substituting other food groups for protein.What is an example of a food that this patient can substitute for protein?

A) Potatoes
B) Beans
C) Cheese
D) Soy products