Deck 3: Pulmonary Function Measurements

Question 1

Which lung disorders make up the acronym CBABE?
I. bronchitis
II. asthma
III. cystic fibrosis
IV. emphysema

A) I, III, and IV only
B) II, III, and IV only
C) I, II, III, and IV
D) III and IV only

Answer 1

I, II, III, and IV

Question 2

In the closed circuit helium dilution method, approximately how long will the patient breathe a helium mixture?

A) 1-2 deep breaths
B) 15 minutes
C) 7 minutes
D) 12 seconds

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In a healthy young male, what would the sum of VC + RV equal in mL?

A) 7200 mL
B) 4800 mL
C) 6000 mL
D) 3600 mL

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which lung volumes or capacities would decrease in a restrictive pulmonary disorder?
I. IC
II. VC
III. TLC
IV. V_T

A) II, III, and IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I and II only
D) I, II, and III only

Question 5

Which lung volume or capacity is the maximum amount of air that the lungs can accommodate?

A) IRV
B) VC
C) TLC
D) FRC

Question 6

In the open circuit washout method, what gas mixture does the patient breathe for the test?

A) 100% N2
B) room air
C) 100% O2
D) He-O2 mixture

Question 7

In a healthy 20 year old female, what would the FRC equal?

A) 2.4 L or 2400 mL
B) 1.8 L or 1800 mL
C) 3.6 L or 3600 mL
D) 1.2 L or 1200 mL

Question 8

Which lung volume or capacity is defined as the amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration?

A) IRV
B) FRC
C) VC
D) TLC

Question 9

Body plethysmography uses a modification of which law to indirectly measure gas volume within the lungs?

A) Hooke's law
B) Boyle's law
C) LaPlace's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 10

In a healthy individual, which of the lung volumes is the largest?

A) V_T
B) RV
C) IRV
D) ERV

Question 11

What is the term for the lung volume or capacity moved in or out in one resting breath?

A) ERV
B) RV
C) V_T
D) VC

Question 12

Which lung volume or capacity is defined as the volume of gas that can be inhaled after a normal expiration?

A) IRV
B) VC
C) IC
D) IC

Question 13

Which lung volumes or capacities would decrease in an obstructive pulmonary disorder?
I. IC
II. VC
III. IRV
IV. ERV

A) I, II, III, and IV only
B) II, III, and IV only
C) I, III, and IV only
D) I and II only

Question 14

What is the volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing?

A) inspiratory reserve volume
B) expiratory reserve volume
C) residual volume
D) tidal volume

Question 15

Which volume or capacity remains in the lungs after a forced exhalation?

A) IC
B) ERV
C) RV
D) FRC

Question 16

Which one of the lung capacities is the smallest?

A) TLC
B) VC
C) IC
D) FRC

Question 17

What is the best indicator of an obstructive lung disorder?

A) FEF_200-1200
B) FEV₁/FVC
C) TLC
D) FRC

Question 18

In a healthy young male, what would the sum of IRV + ERV + V_T equal in mL?

A) 3600 mL
B) 6000 mL
C) 4800 mL
D) 2400 mL

Question 19

Which of the following is derived from closed circuit helium dilution method?

A) ERV
B) VC
C) RV
D) IC

Question 20

Which lung volume or capacity remains in the lungs after a normal expiration?

A) ERV
B) FRC
C) RV
D) VC

Question 21

In which of the following disorders would the TET during an FVC likely be increased?
I. Asthma
II. Cystic fibrosis
III. Pneumonia
IV. Pulmonary fibrosis

A) I, II and III only
B) I and II only
C) III and IV only
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 22

What is considered to be the minimum acceptable FEV1/FVC ratio for older adults?

A) 83%
B) 75%
C) 90%
D) 65%

Question 23

In a healthy adult, what is the average time required to exhale during a FVC maneuver?

A) 1-3 seconds
B) 4-6 seconds
C) 7-9 seconds
D) 10-12 seconds

Question 24

In a healthy adult, what percent of the total FVC should be exhaled in 2 seconds?

A) 94%
B) 75%
C) 97%
D) 83%

Question 25

Which tests are used to differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung disorders?

A) MVV, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio
B) FEV1, FVC, FRC
C) FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio
D) FEV1, MVV, and TLC

Question 26

Which test is the most commonly performed pulmonary function measurement?

A) FVC
B) SVC
C) MVV
D) Flow-volume loop

Question 27

For the FEV_T, what is the most frequently used time interval?

A) 2 second
B) 1 second
C) 3 second
D) 0.5 second

Question 28

In which test would the patient be instructed to exhale as forcefully, rapidly, and completely as possible after taking in a maximal inspiration?

A) MVV
B) FVC
C) SVC
D) FIC

Question 29

In addition to bedside spirometry, what additional information can useful to help differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung disorders and their severity and help formulate a therapeutic plan?
I. History
II. Chest X-ray
III. ABG
IV. Comprehensive pulmonary function study

A) I and II only
B) I and IV only
C) I, II, III, and IV
D) I , II, and IV only

Question 30

In a healthy adult, what percent of the total FVC should be exhaled in 0.5 seconds?

A) 83%
B) 60%
C) 75%
D) 94%

Question 31

Which of the following can decrease the FEF _200-1200?
I. Obstructive disorders
II. Restrictive disorders
III. Age

A) I and III only
B) I, II, and III
C) I only
D) II and III only

Question 32

Which pulmonary measurement provides a reflection of the integrity of the large airway function?

A) FEF _25-75%
B) MVV
C) FVC
D) FEF _200-1200

Question 33

In the Global Initiative for COPD, which category of COPD is considered severe COPD?

A) Stage III
B) Stage IV
C) Stage II
D) Stage I

Question 34

What gas or gas mixture does a patient breathe when the body plethysmography method is used?

A) He-O2 mixture
B) 100% O2
C) room air
D) 100% N2

Question 35

In GOLD (Global Initiative for COPD), which pulmonary measurements are used to assess the severity of COPD?

A) FEV1 and FEV1/FVC
B) FVC and PEFR
C) FEV1 and TLC
D) FEV1 and FEF_200-1200

Question 36

What device is most commonly used to monitor airway function at home?

A) plethysmograph
B) blood gas analyzer
C) spirometer
D) peak flow meter

Question 37

Which pulmonary measurement reflects the status of the medium to small airways?

A) FEF_200-1200
B) MVV
C) FVC
D) FEF_25-75%

Question 38

Which test/method is considered most accurate for measuring RV?

A) plethysmography
B) closed circuit helium dilution
C) open circuit nitrogen washout
D) X-ray

Question 39

Which pulmonary measurement is most frequently used in the home setting?

A) SVC
B) FEF 25-75%
C) MVV
D) PEFR

Question 40

What is the normal FEF25-75% for a healthy 20 year old male?

A) 310 L/min
B) 210 L/min
C) 270 L/min
D) 370 L/min

Question 41

How does the general shape of a flow-volume loop in restrictive lung disease compare to a normal pattern?

A) taller and narrower
B) taller and wider
C) shorter and narrower
D) shorter and wider

Question 42

Which pulmonary measurement is also called MBC?

A) PEFR
B) MVV
C) SVC
D) FVC

Question 43

At STPD, what is the normal value for DL_CO for a resting adult male?

A) 25 mL/min/mmHg
B) 50 mL/min/mmHg
C) 5 mL/min/mmHg
D) 2.5 mL/min/mmHg

Question 44

What portion of the FVC maneuver is considered to be effort dependent?

A) last 10%
B) first 30%
C) first 10%
D) last 30%

Question 45

In addition to pulmonary function measurements, what can most often help the physician in the differential diagnosis between obstructive and restrictive conditions?

A) ABG
B) exercise tolerance
C) complete patient history
D) chest x-ray

Question 46

What portion of the FVC cannot be influenced by further muscular effort?

A) first 30%
B) last 70%
C) last 30%
D) first 70%

Question 47

Which pulmonary function test in essence assesses the status of the alveolar-capillary membrane?

A) MVV
B) bronchial provocation test
C) PEFR
D) DL_CO

Question 48

Which of the following would you expect to be reduced during an acute asthma episode?

A) PEFR
B) RV
C) heart rate
D) FRC

Question 49

In COPD, what maneuver is often used by patients to offset dynamic compression?

A) pursed-lip breathing
B) rapid breathing
C) cough
D) rapid shallow breathing

Question 50

Which maneuvers form a flow-volume loop?

A) SVC and SIC
B) FVC and PEFR
C) FEF and PIFR
D) FVC and FIC

Question 51

What shape would be associated with obstructive lung disease on the FEF_50% of a flow volume loop?

A) cup-like or scooped out effect
B) straight line
C) long, extended outward curve
D) sawtooth

Question 52

At what age do pulmonary volumes and expiratory flow rates start to decrease?

A) 60 years
B) 40 years
C) 50 years
D) 25 years

Question 53

What portion of an FVC maneuver is affected by the dynamic compression of the walls of the airways?

A) first 30%
B) last 30%
C) last 70%
D) first 70%

Question 54

For what minimum duration is the MVV usually performed?

A) 6 seconds
B) 1 minute
C) 12 seconds
D) 20 seconds

Question 55

Into which color zone would a PEFR of 65% of personal best be placed?

A) insufficient info provided to determine
B) yellow
C) green
D) red

Question 56

At what lung capacity or volume should MEP be measured?

A) TLC
B) FRC
C) V_T
D) RV

Question 57

Among adult individuals of the same gender, what is the most important factor that affects pulmonary function?

A) height
B) race/ethnicity
C) weight
D) age

Question 58

What is the term for the point at which the intraluminal airway pressure is equivalent to the pleural pressure surrounding the airways?

A) airway compression pressure
B) equal pressure point
C) maximum inspiratory pressure
D) dynamic pulmonary pressure point

Question 59

What gas is used when the "single breath technique" is performed?

A) CO
B) Nitrogen
C) room air
D) 100% Oxygen

Question 60

Which of the following causes a reduction in MVV?
I. Obstructive disorders
II. Age
III. Restrictive disorders

A) I, II and III
B) III only
C) I only
D) I and II only

Question 61

What does an RSBI of 110 indicate?

A) predicts failure on a weaning trial
B) error in calculation - impossible to obtain such a number for this index
C) insufficient information provided to make a conclusion
D) predicts readiness to wean

Question 62

Which of the following indicate a patient is ready to attempt unassisted ventilation?

A) MIP lower than -25 cm H20 and MEP lower than 50 cm H20
B) MIP greater than -25 mm Hg and MEP greater than 50 mm Hg
C) MIP greater than -25 cm H20 and MEP greater than 50 cm H20
D) MIP lower than -25 mm Hg and MEP lower than 50 mm Hg

Question 63

At what lung capacity or volume should MIP be measured?

A) RV
B) V_T
C) TLC
D) FRC

Question 64

When is the RSBI measurement taken?

A) 5 minutes before disconnecting ventilator
B) as patient disconnected from ventilator
C) 1 minute after disconnecting ventilator
D) 10 minutes after disconnecting ventilator

Question 65

Which of the following can be used to predict readiness to wean from mechanical ventilation?
I. MIP
II. V_D/V_T
III. C_L
IV. RSBI

A) I and IV only
B) I, III, and IV only
C) IV only
D) I, II, III, IV