Deck 11: Managing Innovation and Change

Question 1

What were the insights drawn from Andy Van de Ven and his colleague's (1999)Minnesota Innovation Research Program?

A)Innovation is not a stage by stage,linear,clear cut process of trial and error occurring in a stable environment.
B)Management and innovation is an oxymoron.
C)Innovation happens in spite of management,not because of management.
D)all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following are characteristic of a 'process theory of change' compared to planned change?

A)Emphasis is on processes and time rather than on linearity frozen in time.
B)Change is multi-linear and multivariate,rather than a singularly linear event.
C)Power and political skills are critical for anyone seeking to change organizations.
D)all of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Your textbook identifies four types of change;change that involves stages of growth,maturation,and ageing is called ______ change.

A)evolutionary
B)lifecycle
C)dialectical
D)teleological

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Your textbook identifies four types of change;change that occurs through the interplay,tensions,and contradictions of social relations is called ______ change.

A)evolutionary
B)lifecycle
C)dialectical
D)teleological

Question 5

Richard T.Pascale (1999)identified four principles derived from complexity theory and applied them to change and innovation.Which of the following is NOT one of those?

A)Equilibrium equals death.
B)Complex organization need strict control and surveillance.
C)Complex tasks need complex problem-solving processes.
D)Complex organization can only be disturbed,not directed.

Question 6

Which of the following are characteristic of business process reengineering?

A)Analyze organizational activities one by one,and step by step
B)Redesign the entire organization based upon findings of analysis
C)Do not be limited by the organizations past or history in redesigning business processes
D)all of these

Question 7

Richard T.Pascale (1999)identified four principles derived from complexity theory and applied them to change and innovation.Even small changes might lead to unintended major outcomes,and major changes might lead to unexpectedly small outcomes.Such a case is characteristic of which one of the following?

A)Equilibrium equals death.
B)self-organization
C)Complex tasks need complex problem solving processes.
D)Complex organization can only be disturbed,not directed.

Question 8

Hammer and Champy (1993)developed what is called ______.This approach to change involved analysing all core organizational activities,then radically rethinking and redesigning the organization without being limited by its history or past.

A)Force Field Theory
B)The Unplanned Change Process
C)Business Process Reengineering
D)The Anti-Historical Change Model

Question 9

Through product innovation,a company changes the products or services it offers,and through ______ innovation it changes the way it delivers products or services.

A)cultural
B)process
C)change
D)creative

Question 10

Your textbook identifies four types of change;change that involves adaptation to the environment or context within which the business operates is called ______ change.

A)lifecycle
B)dialectical
C)evolutionary
D)teleological

Question 11

Richard T.Pascale (1999)identified four principles derived from complexity theory and applied them to change and innovation.An organization that stops to think too long or fails to keep moving forward would be characteristic of which of the following?

A)Equilibrium equals death.
B)self-organization
C)Complex tasks need complex problem solving processes.
D)Complex organization can only be disturbed,not directed.

Question 12

According to your textbook,what percentage of business process reengineering change programs fail?

A)40%
B)50%
C)70%
D)90%

Question 13

Pettigrew (1990)saw change as ______.

A)a rational process whereby change called be planned,implemented and evaluated through carefully designed key performance indicators
B)the interplay between the contextual variables of history,culture and political processes,as well as dominant rationalities
C)the process of unfreezing,moving,refreezing
D)resistant to the influence of power and politics because change is a carefully planned and managed process

Question 14

Richard T.Pascale (1999)identified four principles derived from complexity theory and applied them to change and innovation.The assumption that people tend towards organized systems,even without the need for control,as happens when people come together to help each other during a disaster would be characteristic of which of the following?

A)Equilibrium equals death.
B)self-organization
C)Complex tasks need complex problem solving processes.
D)Complex organization can only be disturbed,not directed.

Question 15

Your textbook identifies four types of change,which of the following is NOT one of those?

A)lifecycle
B)dialectical (struggle-based)
C)spiritual
D)teleological (vision-based)

Question 16

Your textbook identifies four types of change;change that emerges out of strategic vision and missions is called ______ change.

A)evolutionary
B)lifecycle
C)dialectical
D)teleological

Question 17

Innovation is ______.

A)about science,research and development
B)measured outputs of new knowledge or new combinations of existing knowledge of technological innovations
C)found in social,organizational and institutional change
D)all of these

Question 18

According to Richard T.Pascale (1999),in organizations,a complex system is maintained through apparently chaotic and unstable systems: for example,there are several iterations of prototype products as the designers deal with errors and design flaws before they are finally produced.Such a case is characteristic of which of the following?

A)Equilibrium equals death.
B)self-organization
C)Complex tasks need complex problem solving processes.
D)Complex organization can only be disturbed,not directed.

Question 19

Kurt Lewin developed his model of change in the 1950s.Which of the following is NOT part of his model of change?

A)anti-freeze
B)move (or change)
C)re-freeze
D)unfreeze

Question 20

According to Anderson and Tuhsman (1990),the transition phase between technology s-curves induces what is known as ______.

A)a process innovation
B)a product innovation
C)a disruptive technology
D)an era of ferment

Question 21

What do Brown and Duguid (2001)argue about the relationship between structure and creativity?

A)Creativity without structure tends to grow out of touch with reality.
B)Structure without creativity results in a loss of innovation.
C)Creativity without structure results in business success and innovation.
D)Creativity without structure tends to grow out of touch with reality,and structure without creativity results in a loss of innovation.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main periods of the innovation journey as identified by Andy Van de Ven and his friends (1999)?

A)initiation
B)development
C)execution
D)implementation

Question 23

A major and ambitious longitudinal study into the life cycle of service,product,technology and program innovation conducted by Andy Van de Ven and his colleagues (1999)was called ______.

A)the Minnesota Researchers for Innovation Group
B)the Minnesota Team Innovation Study
C)the Minnesota Innovation Research Program
D)the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 24

Van de Ven and his colleagues (1999)identify three main stages of the innovation journey.Shockwaves created by the inability to cope with change inside or outside the organization causes people to rethink the organization's strategies,capabilities,procedures,products resources and so on,this is an example of the ______ period

A)initiation
B)development
C)implementation
D)planning

Question 25

According to your textbook,routine can be managed ______,while innovation needs to be managed ______.Which of the following pairs is correct?

A)organically;mechanistically
B)mechanistically;organically
C)carefully;carefree
D)carefree;carefully

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the three critical change initiatives identified by Larry Hirschhorn (2002)?

A)There will be a political campaign to gain strong and lasting support for the change.
B)There will be a communication campaign so all stakeholders understand the change.
C)There will be a cultural campaign so all people are committed to the new norms and values of the change.
D)There will be a military campaign to ensure the human and material resources are available.

Question 27

Integrating the firm's unique competencies with customer needs,market structures,and technologies together with their manufacturing,sales,and distribution capabilities is the key feature of ______.

A)market-technology linkages
B)sales distribution management
C)capability led innovation
D)integration management

Question 28

What important argument does Jeffrey Pfeffer add to the concept of innovation?

A)Innovation is a necessary change,and by careful implementation and management it is universally adopted.
B)Innovation occurs because people realize the need for change,even though some of their own interests might not be served in the change.
C)Innovation usually means a change to the status quo and consequently is an inherently political activity.
D)all of these

Question 29

Van de Ven and his colleagues (1999)identify three main stages of the innovation journey.The stage where the new is integrated with the old,and the change succeeds or fails,is accepted or rejected,is typical of the ______ period

A)initiation
B)development
C)implementation
D)evaluation

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of innovation as implied by Peter Drucker?

A)Innovation is an entrepreneurial tool.
B)Innovation should be exploited by business.
C)Innovation will inherently meet political resistance.
D)Innovation is learned and can be practiced.

Question 31

Who identified the need for managers to pay attention to the three different,but closely related,political,communication,and military campaigns,when implementing and managing change?

A)Peter Drucker
B)Jeffrey Pfeffer
C)Larry Hirschhorn
D)Larry Moandcurly

Question 32

Van de Ven and his colleagues (1999)identify four roles of mangers in the innovation cycle.Which of the following is NOT one of those four?

A)sponsor
B)mentor
C)critic
D)enabler

Question 33

According to chapter 11 of your textbook,why do most change and innovation programs fail?

A)because the concepts were not smart enough
B)because the ideas were not refined enough
C)because the implementation was not understood or executed properly
D)all of these

Question 34

Van de Ven and his colleagues (1999)identify four roles of mangers in the innovation cycle.Which of the following is NOT one of those four?

A)sponsor
B)mentor
C)devil's advocate
D)leader

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the three leadership tasks critical to fostering employee creativity as identified by Bangle (2001)?

A)Managers must allow creativity to occur outside the constraints of budgets and finances.
B)Managers must have outstanding communication skills and abilities.
C)Managers must carefully control the change process and ensure they are kept in the loop about all key ideas and decisions.
D)Managers should avoiding rushing the process from innovation to implementation,and allow people time for creativity to flourish and develop.

Question 36

Van de Ven and his colleagues (1999)identify three main stages of the innovation journey.Periods of motivation and euphoria,followed with periods of unexpected setbacks,mistakes and frustration,is an example of the ______ period

A)initiation
B)development
C)implementation
D)frustration

Question 37

Who defines innovation and change as 'the specific tool of entrepreneurs,the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for a different business or service.It is capable of being presented,as a discipline,capable of being learned,capable of being practiced.'

A)Edgar Schien
B)Karl Weick
C)Peter Drucker
D)Gareth Morgan

Question 38

Which of the following is the common theme that can be found in management scholars (such as Van de Ven and Weick),and philosophers (such as Nietzsche and Derrida),regarding the future outcomes of change and innovation?

A)Innovation and change should only be pursued if it is going to be useful.
B)The utility of innovation and change is only found after the innovation and change occurs,so can never really be known or predicted.
C)Innovation and change inherently requires ordering,planning,and measurement for it to succeed.
D)Innovation and change must be designed with its expected future outcomes in mind.

Question 39

What does Clayton M.Christensen (1997)call the failure of successful companies to innovate,even when they have good management?

A)Catch 22
B)the innovator's dilemma
C)the success dilemma
D)the management trap

Question 40

Which of the following is a core idea in Clayton M.Christensen's concept of the Innovator's Dilemma?

A)Successful firms can fail because of good management rather than bad management.
B)Successful firms that fail are those that ignore customers' needs,wants,and demands.
C)to ensure business success firms should carefully analyse and evaluate customers' demands,market trends,and invest highly in innovations that promise best returns
D)all of these

Question 41

According to the chapter on innovation in your textbook,a platform is defined as what?

A)the maximum level of innovation possible in an organization
B)an evolving eco­system that is created from many inter­connected pieces
C)a point from which an organization leaps into innovation
D)none of these

Question 42

Who argued,'creative systems are systems in tension and the price paid for creative potential is an unknown long-term future'?

A)Andy Van de Ven
B)Karl Weick
C)Ralph Stacey
D)Ralph Wigham

Question 43

How does innovation happen in practice?

Question 44

What is Kurt Lewin's concept of change?