Deck 8: The Nervous System

Question 1

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is the outer layer of

A)astrocytes.
B)Schwann cells.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)microglia.
E)ependymal cells.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The ________ division of the nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system.

A)afferent
B)descending
C)efferent
D)motor
E)spinal

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the

A)astrocytes.
B)Schwann cells.
C)microglia.
D)ependymal cells.
E)satellite cells.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glandular activity.

A)central
B)autonomic
C)somatic
D)collateral
E)ganglionic

Question 5

Bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin,destination,and function are called

A)the cortex.
B)centers.
C)nuclei.
D)tracts.
E)ganglia.

Question 6

Most neurons in the brain are

A)bipolar.
B)unipolar.
C)anaxonic.
D)multipolar.
E)tripolar.

Question 7

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the cell body between them are called

A)polypolar.
B)unipolar.
C)bipolar.
D)tripolar.
E)multipolar.

Question 8

Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes are known as

A)neurofilaments.
B)neurofibrils.
C)synapses.
D)Nissl bodies.
E)microglia.

Question 9

Neurons that have two or more dendrites and a single axon extending away from the cell body are called

A)polypolar.
B)unipolar.
C)bipolar.
D)tripolar.
E)multipolar.

Question 10

Which neuroglial cells produce CSF in some regions of the brain?

A)microglia
B)Schwann cells
C)ependymal cells
D)oligodendrocytes
E)astrocytes

Question 11

Small phagocytic glial cells,which are derived from white blood cells,are called

A)astrocytes.
B)Schwann cells.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)microglia.
E)ependymal cells.

Question 12

The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the

A)motor division.
B)afferent division.
C)efferent division.
D)autonomic division.
E)somatic division.

Question 13

In general,the nervous system

A)controls only conscious activities.
B)is fast acting.
C)is long lasting.
D)responds to changes in the external environment only.
E)is one of the simplest organ systems.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the efferent division of the nervous system?

A)providing sensation of the internal and external environments
B)integrating sensory information
C)coordinating voluntary and involuntary activities
D)sending signals to muscles
E)regulating or controlling peripheral structures and systems

Question 15

All of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system comprises the ________ nervous system.

A)somatic
B)autonomic
C)sympathetic
D)central
E)peripheral

Question 16

The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by

A)astrocytes.
B)Schwann cells.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)microglia.
E)ependymal cells.

Question 17

Branches that sometimes occur along the length of an axon are called

A)action potentials.
B)synaptic knobs.
C)collaterals.
D)hillocks.
E)synapse.

Question 18

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

A)astrocytes.
B)Schwann cells.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)microglia.
E)ependymal cells.

Question 19

The brain and spinal cord comprise the

A)autonomic nervous system.
B)peripheral nervous system.
C)central nervous system.
D)efferent nervous system.
E)afferent nervous system.

Question 20

The branching structures that,together with the cell body,are sensitive to chemical,mechanical,or electrical stimulation are called

A)axons.
B)Nissl bodies.
C)synapses.
D)dendrites.
E)neurofibrils.

Question 21

Which of the following neurotransmitters usually depolarizes postsynaptic neurons?

A)serotonin
B)dopamine
C)GABA
D)acetylcholine
E)monoamine oxidase

Question 22

The resting potential of a neuron is

A)0 mV.
B)+10 mV.
C)-70 mV.
D)-10 mV.
E)+70 mV.

Question 23

Most neurons lack centrioles.This observation explains

A)why neurons grow such long axons.
B)why such neurons cannot divide through mitosis.
C)the conducting ability of neurons.
D)the ability of neurons to communicate with each other.
E)the longevity of neurons.

Question 24

Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential. 1.Activation of sodium channels and rapid depolarization
2.Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels
3.Depolarization to threshold
4.Closing of potassium channels

A)1,3,4,2
B)3,1,2,4
C)4,3,2,1
D)1,3,2,4
E)3,1,4,2

Question 25

Head injuries that damage cerebral blood vessels are serious conditions because

A)they could cause severe pain.
B)the blood could compress and distort the relatively soft tissues of the brain.
C)epicardial tissue will be affected.
D)the venous sinus will not drain.
E)pathways will be blocked.

Question 26

Which of the following contains a delicate network of collagen and elastin fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid circulates?

A)epidural space
B)dural sinus
C)arachnoid villi
D)subarachnoid space
E)pia mater

Question 27

Which of the following is the correct order of events that occur at a cholinergic synapse? 1.Extracellular calcium enters the axon terminal,triggering the exocytosis of acetylcholine.
2.Acetylcholine is removed by acetylcholinesterase.
3.Acetylcholine binds to receptors and depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane.
4.Axon terminal depolarizes.

A)2,3,1,4
B)1,4,3,2
C)4,1,2,3
D)3,4,1,2
E)4,1,3,2

Question 28

You have been diagnosed with the demyelinating disease called multiple sclerosis.The areas of damage seem to be centered within the spinal cord.The demyelinated areas are most probably within the

A)ascending and/or descending tracts.
B)dorsal or ventral horns.
C)central canal.
D)dorsal root ganglia.
E)gray commissure.

Question 29

Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

A)acetylcholine.
B)norepinephrine.
C)dopamine.
D)serotonin.
E)GABA.

Question 30

The all-or-none principle states that

A)all stimuli will produce identical action potentials.
B)all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.
C)the greater the magnitude of the stimuli,the greater the intensity of the action potential.
D)only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials.
E)only motor stimuli can activate action potentials.

Question 31

The ________ is the layer of the meninges that is in direct contact with the surface of the brain.

A)pia mater
B)subarachnoid space
C)dura mater
D)epidural space
E)arachnoid

Question 32

Multiple areas of the brain can regulate breathing at the same time by stimulating the diaphragm for contraction.This activity is best explained by

A)saltatory conduction.
B)divergent neuronal pools.
C)linear neuronal pools.
D)convergent neuronal pools.
E)the all-or-none principle.

Question 33

Which statement is true regarding action potential propagation?

A)In salutatory conduction,the myelin is composed of fat,which insulates the axon membrane against sodium ion flow across the membrane.
B)Continuous propagation results in one graded potential producing multiple action potentials.
C)The action potential will die out along the axon if another graded potential does not occur.
D)All voltage-gated channels along the axon open at the same time,allowing sodium to flow in simultaneously.
E)The active transport of sodium and potassium through sodium-potassium ion pumps causes depolarization of the axon membrane.

Question 34

Interneurons

A)are found only in the central nervous system.
B)carry only sensory impulses.
C)carry only motor impulses.
D)only connect motor neurons to other motor neurons.
E)are found between neurons and their effectors.

Question 35

A few spiders produce a venom that is a calcium-channel blocker.Where would this venom have on nerve impulse transmission?

A)at the axon terminal
B)at the axon hillock
C)along the dendrite
D)along the cell body membrane
E)at the postsynaptic membrane

Question 36

During continuous conduction,

A)action potentials move in all directions along an axon.
B)action potentials occur at successive nodes along the length of the stimulated axon.
C)local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue along the membrane.
D)the action potential starts at the beginning of the neuronal pathway and continues form neuron to neuron.
E)local potentials produce a continuous outward flow of potassium ions.

Question 37

A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels,moving the membrane voltage value below the resting potential value,results in which of the following?

A)repolarization
B)hyperpolarization
C)depolarization
D)refraction
E)summation

Question 38

Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in

A)depolarization.
B)repolarization.
C)hyperpolarization.
D)increased negative charge inside the membrane.
E)myelination.

Question 39

Saltatory conduction

A)occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous.
B)occurs only if nodes of Ranvier are lacking.
C)is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon.
D)produces a stronger action potential.
E)occurs at the synapse.

Question 40

Changes in the membrane potential that cannot spread far from the site of stimulation are called

A)threshold.
B)graded potentials.
C)refractories.
D)hyperpolarizations.
E)action potentials.

Question 41

Enlargements of the spinal cord occur

A)near the posterior median sulcus.
B)adjacent to the anterior median fissure.
C)in the cervical and lumbar regions.
D)in the thoracic region of the spinal cord.
E)in the cervical and thoracic regions.

Question 42

The primary connection between cerebral hemispheres is the

A)cerebellum.
B)precentral gyrus.
C)postcentral gyrus.
D)midbrain.
E)corpus callosum.

Question 43

Which spinal cord structure(s)contains the axons of CNS motor neurons that control muscles and glands?

A)anterior gray commissure
B)white column
C)ventral roots
D)dorsal roots
E)ventral horns

Question 44

Axons that cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other are found in the

A)anterior white columns.
B)lateral gray horns.
C)posterior gray horns.
D)gray commissures.
E)posterior white columns.

Question 45

________ refers to the loss of memory from disease or trauma.

A)Hemiaplasia
B)Aphasia
C)Dyslexia
D)Amnesia
E)Apraxia

Question 46

In adults,the spinal cord usually extends to which level?

A)tenth thoracic vertebra
B)first sacral vertebra
C)seventh cervical vertebra
D)fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra
E)first or second lumbar vertebra

Question 47

Diffusion across which structure(s)returns excess CSF to venous circulation?

A)third ventricle
B)dural sinuses
C)cerebral aqueduct
D)arachnoid granulations
E)lateral ventricle

Question 48

When a cerebrospinal fluid specimen is needed for testing,the specimen is removed by needle from the L3-L4 interspace area of the vertebral column.Why?

A)There are no spaces between the other areas of the vertebral column.
B)There is a higher pressure within the subarachnoid space at that point,so it is easier to obtain a specimen.
C)There are no spinal nerves located in that area.
D)There would be no possible damage to the spinal cord itself when the needle is inserted into the space.
E)The space where the needle is inserted is larger than anywhere else along the vertebral column.

Question 49

The ________ establishes emotional states.

A)basal nuclei
B)limbic system
C)cerebellum
D)midbrain
E)pons

Question 50

The projections of gray matter extending through the white matter toward the outer surface of the spinal cord are called

A)wings.
B)horns.
C)pyramids.
D)fibers.
E)tracts.

Question 51

The cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the

A)parietal lobe.
B)temporal lobe.
C)frontal lobe.
D)occipital lobe.
E)cerebellar lobe.

Question 52

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

A)longitudinal fissure.
B)central sulcus.
C)lateral sulcus.
D)frontal lobe.
E)postcentral sulcus.

Question 53

The gray matter of the spinal cord is dominated by

A)tracts.
B)columns.
C)meninges.
D)cell bodies of neurons and glial cells.
E)blood vessels.

Question 54

The area anterior to the central sulcus is the

A)parietal lobe.
B)temporal lobe.
C)frontal lobe.
D)occipital lobe.
E)postcentral gyrus.

Question 55

Which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers?

A)inferior colliculus
B)superior colliculus
C)pons
D)cerebellum
E)medulla oblongata

Question 56

The ________ acts as a switching and relay center for integration of conscious and unconscious sensory information and motor commands.

A)cerebellum
B)midbrain
C)diencephalon
D)pons
E)medulla

Question 57

The midbrain has a slender CSF-filled canal known as the

A)cerebral aqueduct.
B)lateral ventricle.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)fourth ventricle.
E)third ventricle.

Question 58

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed,

A)motor control of skeletal muscles would be impaired.
B)motor control of visceral organs would be impaired.
C)the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level.
D)the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord.
E)incoming sensory information would be disrupted.

Question 59

The visual cortex is located in the

A)frontal lobe.
B)parietal lobe.
C)temporal lobe.
D)occipital lobe.
E)cerebellum.

Question 60

The entire spinal cord is divided into ________ segments.

A)5
B)12
C)25
D)31
E)35

Question 61

You bowl with your right arm,but you write with your left hand.This is related to differences in the

A)cerebral hemispheres.
B)hypothalamus.
C)thalamus.
D)medulla oblongata.
E)hippocampus.

Question 62

The premotor cortex of the cerebrum,involved in the planning and sequencing of muscle movements,is located in the

A)frontal lobe.
B)postcentral gyrus.
C)hippocampus.
D)parietal lobe.
E)thalamus.

Question 63

Which structure secretes melatonin?

A)anterior pituitary gland
B)superior colliculus
C)posterior pituitary gland
D)hypothalamus
E)pineal gland

Question 64

The sensory nuclei of cranial nerves V-VIII are found within which of the following?

A)midbrain
B)medulla oblongata
C)cerebellum
D)basal ganglia
E)pons

Question 65

The region of the brain that is involved in conscious thought and intellectual function as well as processing somatic sensory and motor information is the

A)medulla.
B)pons.
C)midbrain.
D)cerebellum.
E)cerebrum.

Question 66

During an EEG,alpha waves

A)are observed in children and frustrated adults.
B)are observed in many pathological conditions.
C)typically accompany intense concentration.
D)occur in deep sleep.
E)are characteristic of normal resting adults.

Question 67

If Broca's area is damaged,what might result?

A)loss of sensation
B)loss of the ability to speak
C)loss of upper limb control
D)loss of memory
E)mental retardation

Question 68

A major center concerned with autonomic function,such as heart rate,blood pressure,and respiration is the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)pons.
C)midbrain.
D)diencephalon.
E)cerebellum.

Question 69

Think about the intricacies of ballet dancing and the coordination and balance that is required.The area of the brain most required for this activity is the

A)cerebrum.
B)thalamus.
C)cerebellum.
D)pons.
E)medulla.

Question 70

Which structures are related to Parkinson's disease?

A)the reticular formation and limbic system
B)the basal nuclei and the midbrain
C)the hypothalamus and thalamus
D)the thalamus and pineal gland
E)the hippocampus and amygdala

Question 71

Which of the following performs such abstract intellectual function as predicting the future consequences of events or actions?

A)pons
B)basal ganglia
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus
E)prefrontal cortex

Question 72

Damage to the hypothalamus can result in

A)taste and smell problems.
B)increased attention.
C)coma.
D)decreased cerebral function.
E)fluctuations in body temperature.

Question 73

The thalamus is the largest portion of which major brain region?

A)mesencephalon
B)pons
C)midbrain
D)diencephalon
E)cerebellum

Question 74

The part of the CNS that adjusts voluntary and involuntary motor activities on the basis of sensory information and stored memory of previous movements is the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)cerebellum.
C)midbrain.
D)diencephalon.
E)thalamus.

Question 75

As a result of a severe concussion from a car accident,you have a terrible problem with both retaining new information and recalling old information.The injury affected the

A)mammillary bodies.
B)basal ganglia.
C)inferior colliculi.
D)hippocampus.
E)superior colliculi.

Question 76

Regions of the brain that are involved in interpreting data or coordinating motor responses are

A)commissural areas.
B)sensory areas.
C)association areas.
D)motor areas.
E)processing areas.

Question 77

Which structure secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin?

A)epithalamus
B)cerebellum
C)pons
D)hypothalamus
E)medulla oblongata

Question 78

The ________ ventricle is associated with the pons and upper portion of the medulla oblongata.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
E)lateral

Question 79

The primary motor cortex of the cerebrum is located in the

A)cerebellum.
B)precentral gyrus.
C)pons.
D)lateral sulcus.
E)postcentral gyrus.

Question 80

The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the

A)primary sensory cortex.
B)primary motor cortex.
C)visual cortex.
D)olfactory cortex.
E)auditory cortex.