Deck 14: Education and Health Care

Question 1

Group differences in IQ tests and SAT scores are related to all of the following, except:

A) parental education.
B) childhood socialization.
C) social class status.
D) peer groups.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classified obesity as

A) a minor problem
B) a modest problem
C) a sporadic problem
D) an epidemic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

One of the major goals of No Child Left Behind was to

A) limit racial segregation in schools.
B) narrow the racial achievement gap.
C) increase funding to minority schools.
D) rewrite curricula to be more racially diverse.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown v. Board of Education that

A) separate but equal was unconstitutional.
B) segregation within schools was legal.
C) racial segregation was illegal, but social class was legal.
D) resegregation is constitutional.

Question 5

Inequality within the U.S. education system explains most of the decline in the U.S.'s standing in global education rankings.

Question 6

Health care is a .

A) matter of science and an elaborate social structure
B) social system of behaviors and a for-profit only business
C) cultural reflection and a social structure
D) medical matter and a flawed enterprise

Question 7

tests are intended to measure what has actually been learned.

A) Achievement
B) Standardized
C) Predictive
D) Placement

Question 8

Since education became mandatory, education has

A) had no influence on inequalities in society.
B) increased inequality in society.
C) reduced many inequalities in society.
D) been the primary cause of inequality in society.

Question 9

Recently, obesity has become

A) a minimal problem.
B) defined as a public health problem.
C) an individual issue.
D) largely solved by social movements.

Question 10

The United States is no longer the world leader in student math and science achievement scores. According to the text, what explains this decline in the nation's standing?

A) Inequality within the education system
B) Poorly trained teachers
C) No Child Left Behind reform
D) Shorter school years

Question 11

Schooling refers to

A) informal education.
B) formal, institutionalized education.
C) mandatory education.
D) luxury education.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding graduation rates?

A) Since 1972, Hispanic students have had the highest graduation rates.
B) Since 1972, White students have had the highest graduation rates.
C) Since 1972, Black students have had the highest graduation rates.
D) Since 1972, Hispanic, White, and Black students have had equal graduation rates.

Question 13

Bob is going to a private school. He is most likely attending a .

A) secular school
B) school for alternative students
C) religious or parochial school
D) home school

Question 14

Research on tracking has found all of the following, except

A) students in the lower tracks learn less because they are taught less.
B) even students with the same test scores are put into different tracks according to their race and social class.
C) less is expected of lower track students and so their academic performance is lower.
D) detracking penalizes high achieving students.

Question 15

What has been the outcome of No Child Left Behind?

A) The racial achievement gap has narrowed.
B) The racial achievement gap has widened.
C) Test scores have improved for most students.
D) There has been no change in test scores.

Question 16

According to functionalists, education accomplishes all of the following, except:

A) socialization.
B) occupational training.
C) social control.
D) teacher expectancy.

Question 17

According to , education supports the needs of a capitalist economy.

A) functionalists
B) conflict theorists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) feminists

Question 18

The types of education in the U.S. include which of the following?

A) public education
B) home schooling
C) private education
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 19

According to Herrnstein and Murray's The Bell Curve,

A) the distribution of intelligence closely approximates a normal distribution.
B) the majority of intelligence is environmental.
C) family background has almost no influence in predicting intelligence.
D) genetics and environment play equal roles in determining intelligence.

Question 20

Which of the following conclusions is accurate regarding social mobility and education?

A) Education is the strongest predictor of social mobility.
B) Education is unrelated to social mobility.
C) Education is related to social mobility for the majority of people.
D) Education is related to social mobility for those in the middle class only.

Question 21

Medicare provides all of the following, except:

A) medical insurance.
B) prescription drug plans.
C) hospital care.
D) elective survery.

Question 22

Which of these is nota problem within the U.S. health care system, as discussed in the text?

A) Unequal distribution of health care by race/ethnicity, social class, or gender
B) Unequal distribution of health care by geographic region
C) Inadequate health education of inner-city and rural parents
D) Inadequate health care for the elderly

Question 23

According to the text, which of the following would be considered a latent function of education?

A) Socialization
B) Occupational training
C) Social control
D) Credentialism

Question 24

Breast cancer is most likely to afflict

A) African American women.
B) White women.
C) Latino women.
D) Asian women.

Question 25

Standardized ability tests are intended to measure .

A) potential
B) skill
C) intelligence
D) performance

Question 26

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers and schools to provide , such that those with disabilities are not denied access to employment and education.

A) "rational aid"
B) "equitable assistance"
C) "practical help"
D) "reasonable accommodations"

Question 27

When the SAT was first introduced in the late 1940s, it was supposed to be an objective predictor of academic ability. How well does the SAT predict future achievement?

A) Grade school grades are much better at predicting future performance than results of the SAT.
B) The SAT has proved to be a good predictor of future academic achievement.
C) Results of the SAT are a better reflection of class and social environment than academic ability.
D) The SAT, while not perfect, is much more accurate and objective than Grade school grades as a predictor of future achievement.

Question 28

The Affordable Health Care for America Act of 2010 does all of the following, except:

A) require all people to purchase a health insurance plan.
B) prohibit insurers from rejecting customers based on preexisting conditions.
C) provide free health coverage for all children under the age of 18.
D) require employers to provide health insurance for employees.

Question 29

The impact on an individual's social identity when they are devalued due to an identifiable characteristic is termed _____.

A) disability
B) stigma
C) minority
D) accommodation

Question 30

If the Joneses need palliative care such as hospice the current healthcare system .

A) does not cover it because of an emphasis on treatment
B) covers the cost
C) provides support from the medical community
D) none of the above

Question 31

The field of studies these social dimensions of health and illness, the social organization of health care institutions, and the inequality of access to quality health care.

A) therapeutic sociology
B) medical sociology
C) homoeopathic sociology
D) healing sociology

Question 32

In the U.S., one's SAT score may be used as a "proxy" measure of one's social class. What does this mean?

A) The SAT score is a more realistic measure of social class than income or education.
B) SAT scores are the best predictors of how well a student will do in their career.
C) Family income is strongly correlated with scores on the SAT exam.
D) SAT scores are more related to race than income.

Question 33

The health care crisis in the United States is largely a question of .

A) cost
B) quality
C) education
D) discrimination

Question 34

Which of the following is not a consistent outcome of SAT scores?

A) On average, women of any ethnic group score lower than men of that group on the quantitative portion of the exam.
B) African Americans, Latinos, and American Indians score, on average, lower than Whites.
C) Asian Americans, as a group, have recently scored higher than Whites on the quantitative portion of the exam.
D) Historically, racial minorities have scored higher than Whites.

Question 35

The research that The Bell Curve by Herrnstein and Murray was based on is considered flawed by many because

A) the studies included only fraternal twins, not identical twins.
B) twins raised in similar social environments were more similar than those raised in very different social environments.
C) the twins that were studied were too diverse in terms of sex and racial or ethnic background.
D) only White, middle-class twins were studied.

Question 36

John has diabetes. The cost of treating it is .

A) more expensive than preventing it
B) less expensive than preventing it
C) unrelated to preventing it
D) more profitable than preventing it

Question 37

Within a certain range, you can guess someone's likely SAT score from knowing only

A) the income and social class of his or her parents.
B) how well the child performed in grade school.
C) how well the child performed in high school.
D) the child's ACT score.

Question 38

Which of the following is true about the Affordable Care Act?

A) It is designed to include doctors in care.
B) It is based on the idea that healthcare cannot be provided to everyone.
C) It provides support for the medical community.
D) It extends coverage to the uninsured.

Question 39

Which of the following countries spends the highest proportion of their gross national product on health care?

A) Canada
B) Greece
C) Italy
D) United States

Question 40

When students take a standardized ability test administrators learn _.

A) about their political and creativity
B) about their spatial ability
C) about their aptitude ability
D) about their athletic ability

Question 41

A teacher believes that Latinos are poor at math. Interaction between a Latino student and the teacher has the effect of encouraging the Latino student to fail. This phenomenon is called _.

A) sorting
B) a latent function
C) the expectancy effect
D) tracking

Question 42

A poor community in the U.S. wants to increase the life chances of its best students. It must contend mostly with _____.

A) school curriculum
B) school funding
C) unresponsive teachers
D) socialization

Question 43

Level of formal education achieved is strongly correlated with .

A) occupational status
B) income
C) wealth
D) life satisfaction

Question 44

According to the text, the U.S. currently spends about of its gross domestic product on health care.

A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 18 percent
D) 20 percent

Question 45

Increasing diversity in society creates new challenges for the health care system. The text notes that immigrants to the U.S.

A) are generally treated better than native born Americans.
B) tend to feel most satisfied with their health care when their physician is White.
C) experience social distance from health care providers that makes them reluctant to seek care.
D) seek out medical professionals from their home countries.

Question 46

Comparing the health status of high income people and lower income people demonstrates that

A) illness and disease are equally likely to strike anyone from any particular social class.
B) the effects of social class are less dramatic in the area of health than in other areas.
C) social circumstances have an effect on health.
D) poor people do not care about taking care of themselves.

Question 47

According to functionalist theory, schools provide along with learning skills.

A) stratification
B) social control
C) labeling
D) equality

Question 48

When expectations are converted into reality or actual performance, this is called .

A) reality tracking
B) performance prophecy
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy
D) predicted expectations

Question 49

High school and college graduation rates are not the same for all racial-ethnic groups. In fact,

A) Blacks have the lowest graduation rates compared with Whites and Hispanics.
B) Hispanics have the lowest graduation rates, compared with Whites and Blacks.
C) Hispanics have graduation rates that are equal to those of Whites.
D) Blacks have graduation rates that are equal to those of Whites.

Question 50

In the past, state laws in the US prohibited education for children.

A) female
B) young
C) disabled
D) minority

Question 51

From a(n) perspective unequal education is used to separate different groups and benefit those in the middle and upper classes.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) interpretivist

Question 52

Which theoretical perspective is the concept of the teacher expectancy effect associated with?

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Feminist theory

Question 53

Research on the relationship of social class to health care finds that

A) people with lower incomes do not generally rate their health as excellent.
B) those in lower social classes have rates of infant mortality and stillbirths roughly equal to those of upper- class people.
C) lower income people are less likely to smoke than upper-class people.
D) those using Medicaid are healthier than those not using Medicaid.

Question 54

Education in the U.S. was made compulsory in .

A) 1778
B) 1860
C) 1900
D) 1920

Question 55

emphasizes that education unifies and stabilizes society.

A) Functionalist theory
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Feminist theory

Question 56

Jeff wants to home school his children. Statistically he .

A) is average in income and a minority
B) has an advanced college degree
C) has a low to median income and is white
D) is from a wealthy neighborhood

Question 57

The process of labeling a student a "good student," the attention the teacher pays to that student, and the adjustment of a student's behavior to meet expectations is explained by theory.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) feminist

Question 58

The four types of education in the U.S. are parochial, public, private and home schooling. How does home schooling compare with other forms of education?

A) Ninety-five percent of the elementary aged children who were home schooled in 2000 were White.
B) Almost all home-schooled children are Catholic and Mormon.
C) Children who are home-schooled score lower on standardized subject tests than children from public schools.
D) Lower income students tend to be home-schooled more than upper-income students.

Question 59

The perspective focuses on the process of how expectations are created as students and teachers interrelate.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) postmodern

Question 60

The teacher expectancy effect occurs independently of a student's actual ability. What explains this effect?

A) The concept of self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Teachers' greater ability than testing to predict academic success
C) The type of students the teacher has
D) The economic environment of the school district

Question 61

The increased prestige of medicine and status of physicians coincided with the

A) founding of the U.S. as an independent nation.
B) establishment of medicine as a science.
C) immigration of physicians to the U.S. from other countries.
D) discovery of penicillin.

Question 62

What is the relationship between educational test scores (e.g. SAT and ACT) and social class?

A) There is no relationship between educational test scores and income.
B) As average family income goes up, so do SAT scores.
C) SAT scores are unpredictable, regardless of parents' social class and income.
D) Social class does not have much effect on SAT and ACT scores.

Question 63

Which of the following is a criticism regarding standardized tests given in the text?

A) The tests tend to measure only limited ranges of abilities.
B) The tests possess at least some degree of cultural and gender bias and a strong social class bias.
C) SATs actually do not predict school performance very well for all groups.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 64

The stratification function of schools includes .

A) drawing on existing stratification
B) sorting people into different categories
C) sorting people into existing social categories
D) all of the above

Question 65

An overall assessment of the impact of compulsory education in the U.S. since inception in the 19^th century would be that it

A) deepened inequality between African Americans, Latinos and Whites.
B) increased the amount of inequality between men and women.
C) has equalized circumstances for women, and members of all groups in society.
D) has reduced many inequalities in society.

Question 66

Which of the following is most true about high school students entering a college today?

A) They come from high schools that are less segregated than in 1980s.
B) They come from high schools that are more segregated than in the 1980s.
C) They come from high schools that have mixed classes.
D) They come from schools where busing continues to integrate students.

Question 67

Differences in ability between people do exist. The general pattern is that differences in ability exist

A) between racial-ethnic groups.
B) between men and women.
C) among the members of any particular group; they are not connected with group membership.
D) between the U.S. population and other industrialized countries.

Question 68

Critics of tracking argue that

A) students in the higher tracks do not learn as much as others.
B) the tracks are not properly divided; there should be different categories used.
C) the lower track students get most of the teachers' attention.
D) the students in the lower tracks learn less because they are taught less.

Question 69

What is the relationship between formal education and occupational status?

A) There is none; many people are "self-taught" and work their way up the corporate ladder.
B) The higher one's occupational status, the greater the likelihood that person has a great deal of formal education.
C) Many years of formal education virtually guarantees one will have a high prestige job.
D) Many high prestige jobs require little formal education.

Question 70

How are occupation, class, and education related?

A) One's social class is heavily influenced by level of formal education.
B) One's occupation is heavily influenced by social class background and formal education.
C) Elite boarding schools that prepare students for elite occupations are attended by members of all social classes in equal proportions.
D) Education provides upward social mobility for all, regardless of class.

Question 71

Which of the following is not a criticism of using standardized testing to measure cognitive ability?

A) The tests measure ability in too many different areas, such as creativity and musical ability.
B) The tests have at least some degree of cultural and gender bias.
C) The SATs do not predict school performance very well.
D) Only a limited range of abilities is measured by the tests.

Question 72

According to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) what has been the impact of the No Child Left Behind legislation?

A) Although a gap in achievement scores still exists between students of color and White students, the gap has decreased some in recent decades.
B) A gap between the achievement scores of students of color and White students not only still exists, but has gotten wider.
C) The gap in achievement scores for students of color and White students in secondary school has virtually disappeared.
D) There has been no change in relative achievement scores for more than 10 years.

Question 73

In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray estimate that intelligence is about percent genetically inheritable.

A) 30
B) 60
C) 40
D) 70

Question 74

The SAT and IQ tests

A) were meant to measure achievement, not potential.
B) are not used much within the U.S. education system.
C) possess cultural and gender bias and a strong social class bias.
D) have had an equalizing effect on education for women and minorities.

Question 75

Which of the following would a student likely focus on if they are interested in reforming the U.S. approach to healthcare?

A) A lack of specialist for surgery
B) A lack of preventive health care
C) A lack of medicine for disease
D) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 76

Separating students according to some measure of cognitive ability (ability grouping) is most commonly called .

A) cognitive differentiation
B) tracking
C) classroom stratification
D) student leveling

Question 77

Sociological research on the effect of education on occupation and income has found that

A) for all groups, getting an education makes it possible for one to move into the upper classes.
B) public education has ensured that people from all social classes have an equal chance of achieving higher incomes.
C) for middle-class Whites, education improves one's chance of getting a middle-class job, but entering the upper class is unlikely.
D) scholarships have enabled working class students to attend elite schools in large number, significantly improving their chances of securing elite positions.

Question 78

Which of the following is true regarding standardized ability tests?

A) They are somewhat capable of predicting future school performance for White men.
B) They are less accurate in forecasting success for minorities.
C) They predict school performance less accurately for women than men.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 79

What is the relationship between income, gender, and education?

A) At every level of education the average income of men is higher than the average income of women.
B) When a woman has more education than a man she can be expected to earn more than he does.
C) Women with a bachelor's degree consistently earn more than men with only a high school diploma.
D) There is no relationship between income, gender, and education.

Question 80

A major criticism of standardized ability tests is of what they consider "standardized" knowledge. In fact, research indicates that they

A) predict future school performance for African Americans better than for Whites.
B) predict future school performance for women better than for men.
C) predict future school performance for White males better than for others.
D) are not able to predict future school performance for people with any particular social trait.