Deck 17: Mental and Physical Health

Question 1

A major criteria for personality disorders is that they cause major problems

A) in the workplace.
B) for the person who has the disorder or for others.
C) only a small percentage of the time.
D) for everyone except the person who has the disorder.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the DSM-IV-TR classification scheme, what are the Cluster C disorders?

A) avoidant, schizoid, and obsessive-compulsive
B) narcissistic, schizotypal, and borderline
C) antisocial, borderline, and avoidant
D) dependent, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following are NOT general characteristics of personality disorders?

A) They are unusual.
B) They affect social relations.
C) They typically cause problems.
D) They are unstable across the life span.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following explains why one must consider cultural context when diagnosing personality disorders?

A) There can be genetic differences between cultural groups.
B) Cultural biases by clinicians may make diagnoses more accurate.
C) A behavior that may seem extreme to one group may actually be culturally appropriate in another group.
D) Clinicians have not yet begun to include cultural context in their practices.

Question 5

Why are personality disorders considered social?

A) They manifest in interactions with other people.
B) They only cause problems for other people and not for the individual.
C) They require diagnosis by an individual other than the one affected by the disorder.
D) They have genetic origins.

Question 6

Which French psychiatrist identified the problem known as madness without distortion (manie sans delire)?

A) Jean-Paul Sartre
B) Philippe Pinel
C) Renee De Gaul
D) Jacques De Franco

Question 7

Which of the following disorders has NOT been deleted from the research-based section of the DSM-5?

A) histrionic
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) schizoid

Question 8

Which disorder appears on the DSM-IV-TR Cluster A?

A) obsessive-compulsive
B) paranoid
C) avoidant
D) histrionic

Question 9

The controversy around the DSM revolved around different viewpoints from ________ and ________.

A) personality psychologists; social psychologists
B) professional psychologists; the public
C) "old guard" clinicians; scientifically oriented psychologists
D) politicians; scientists

Question 10

All of the following are useful purposes of the DSM-5 EXCEPT it

A) allows psychologists or psychiatrists to have a common vocabulary for describing a client or a patient.
B) streamlines and simplifies diagnoses.
C) diagnoses individuals for research purposes.
D) facilitates insurance billing.

Question 11

The quote from the DSM-5, "it is hoped that both versions will serve clinical practice and research initiatives, respectively" represents the

A) complete change from traditional methods to methods based on modern scientific evidence.
B) controversy between clinicians using traditional methods and researchers advocating new methods.
C) broad usefulness of the DSM.
D) debates between politicians and scientists over research funding.

Question 12

Which disorder appears in the DSM-IV-TR Cluster C?

A) dependent
B) narcissistic
C) borderline
D) histrionic

Question 13

According to the text, what was the main controversy in revising the DSM that led to the delay of the new edition?

A) how to define personality disorders
B) whether to include the Big Five traits
C) how to classify multipersonality disorder
D) how long the DSM should be

Question 14

People with ________ personality disorders usually seek out help, while people with ________ personality disorders usually do not see a reason or need to change themselves.

A) extrinsic; intrinsic
B) intrinsic; extrinsic
C) ego-syntonic; ego-dystonic
D) ego-dystonic; ego-syntonic

Question 15

According to the textbook, one purpose of the DSM is to ________, and a second is to ________.

A) make psychiatric diagnosis more objective; guide research on disorders
B) make psychiatric diagnosis more objective; facilitate insurance billing
C) guide research on disorders; facilitate biological research on disorders
D) facilitate genetic research on disorders; make psychiatric diagnosis more objective

Question 16

According to psychiatrist Kurt Schneider, unusually extreme personality attributes that cause ________ are the defining features of personality disorders.

A) major problems in the workplace
B) depression or anxiety
C) major problems for the afflicted person or for others
D) a break from reality

Question 17

What is a major difference between the DSM-IV-TR and the research-based section of the DSM-5?

A) The DSM-IV-TR cluster categorization system has been deleted.
B) The antisocial and narcissistic disorders have been deleted.
C) The DSM-IV-TR is much more concise and, therefore, much more reliable.
D) The new DSM-5 is a lot less technical and is meant to be understood by the general public.

Question 18

Which disorder appears in the DSM-IV-TR Cluster B?

A) avoidant
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) schizoid

Question 19

What is the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)?

A) DSM-III
B) DSM-III-TR
C) DSM-IV-TR
D) DSM-5

Question 20

People who have ego-syntonic personality disorders

A) are acutely aware of their disorder.
B) lose their identities.
C) are low in ego control and ego resiliency.
D) do not think anything is wrong.

Question 21

Recent work suggests that problems with the endogenous opioid system are associated with which personality disorder?

A) schizoid
B) narcissistic
C) schizotypal
D) borderline

Question 22

An individual who is typically irritable, aggressive, and irresponsible might have which personality disorder?

A) histrionic
B) schizoid
C) schizotypal
D) antisocial

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

A) manipulation
B) confused identity
C) impulsivity
D) aggression

Question 24

According to the text, why is narcissistic personality disorder difficult for psychologists to treat?

A) because it is extremely ego-syntonic
B) because their patients tend to be violent
C) because it is rare
D) because it appears in short bursts

Question 25

A description such as "emotional hemophilia" applies MOST accurately to which personality disorder?

A) borderline
B) avoidant
C) dependent
D) schizoid

Question 26

Imagine your roommate refuses to do any chores because they have more important things to do. Your roommate is exhibiting a symptom of which personality disorder?

A) narcissistic
B) antisocial
C) borderline
D) schizoid

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral attribute associated with borderline personality disorder?

A) self-destructive acts
B) uncontrollable anger
C) preoccupation with fantasies of ultimate attainment
D) chronic feelings of emptiness

Question 28

Which disorder seems to be linked with economic status and urban settings?

A) antisocial
B) schizoid
C) schizotypal
D) histrionic

Question 29

Confused, delusional, and even self-destructive thinking is NOT typically associated with which of the following personality disorders?

A) borderline
B) antisocial
C) schizoid
D) schizotypal

Question 30

The hallmark of borderline personality disorder is

A) grandiose self-evaluations.
B) acute discomfort in social situations.
C) a pervasive disregard for the feelings of others.
D) emotional instability.

Question 31

Suicide and self-mutilation are especially characteristic of which personality disorder?

A) borderline
B) histrionic
C) paranoid
D) schizoid

Question 32

What is the common first impression someone has when they meet a person with narcissistic personality disorder?

A) The person is shy and inhibited.
B) The person is strange and deluded.
C) The person is charming and extraverted.
D) The person is entitled and egocentric.

Question 33

A more extreme version of schizotypal personality disorder is

A) narcissism.
B) schizoid personality disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 34

An individual who consistently fears abandonment may suffer from which personality disorder?

A) schizoid
B) borderline
C) schizotypal
D) narcissistic

Question 35

All of the following are true about narcissistic personality disorder EXCEPT it is

A) easy to diagnosis.
B) difficult to treat.
C) ego-dystonic.
D) hard to estimate the prevalence in the population.

Question 36

If you were to tell a person with narcissistic personality disorder that he is smarter than Bill Gates and better looking than Brad Pitt, he would likely

A) agree with you.
B) become aggressive and argumentative.
C) suspect you are being insincere.
D) compliment you in the same exaggerated way.

Question 37

Individuals with ________ personality disorder are prone to "splitting" the ways they view other people in their lives.

A) schizoid
B) histrionic
C) schizotypal
D) borderline

Question 38

Henry was just diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the following behaviors is Henry NOT likely to display?

A) hallucinations
B) distortions of reality
C) jumbled thinking
D) extreme lack of empathy

Question 39

According to the textbook, Adolf Hitler exhibited many of the classic signs of which personality disorder?

A) histrionic
B) antisocial
C) narcissistic
D) borderline

Question 40

Someone who brags about her physical health and vitality in front of a friend going through chemotherapy exhibits a symptom of which personality disorder?

A) histrionic
B) antisocial
C) narcissistic
D) schizotypal

Question 41

Which of the maladaptive personality traits in the new section of the DSM-5 bears the closest resemblance to low extraversion in the Big Five?

A) psychoticism
B) antagonism
C) disinhibition
D) detachment

Question 42

Which of the following is/are NOT a major characteristic for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?

A) perfectionism
B) inability to delegate
C) being a pack rat
D) hallucinations

Question 43

The recent updates to the DSM include a(n) ________ in the number of disorders and, more importantly, a change from placing disorders into discrete categories, recognizing that disorders are more a matter of ________.

A) reduction; kind than of degree
B) increase; kind than of degree
C) increase; degree than of kind
D) reduction; degree than of kind

Question 44

Bethany often has emotional outbursts for no apparent reason. What personality disorder is Bethany likely to have?

A) schizotypal
B) borderline
C) avoidant
D) narcissistic

Question 45

Susan absolutely demands to be uncritically accepted by her partner, Jade. Susan MOST likely has which personality disorder?

A) schizotypal
B) dependent
C) schizoid
D) avoidant

Question 46

Ricky was just diagnosed with a personality disorder that fits into the detachment category of the DSM-5. What behaviors is he likely to display?

A) suspiciousness
B) impulsivity
C) anxiousness
D) eccentricity

Question 47

The reason obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is characterized both by being unable to throw anything away and being obsessively clean is that

A) being unable to throw anything away describes someone low on OCPD and being obsessively clean describes someone high on OCPD.
B) the underlying cause of both of these behaviors is the same.
C) not being able to throw anything away isn't really used very often to describe someone with OCPD.
D) people high on OCPD switch off between keeping everything and being obsessively clean.

Question 48

The following domains from the DSM-5 have replaced the cluster system of the DSM-IV-TR EXCEPT

A) negative affectivity.
B) detachment.
C) antagonism.
D) paranoia.

Question 49

Which of the maladaptive personality traits in the DSM-5 captures many of the personality attributes associated with narcissism?

A) psychoticism
B) antagonism
C) negative affectivity
D) detachment

Question 50

Janet consistently expects criticism, contempt, and rejection from others. Which disorder is she MOST likely to have?

A) schizotypal
B) antisocial
C) avoidant
D) paranoid

Question 51

All of the following steps are included in the new method of diagnosing disorders according to the DSM-5 EXCEPT assess

A) the degree to which the client is characterized by each of the five maladaptive personality traits.
B) the number of indicators that are present or absent for a particular disorder.
C) whether at least one of the six defined types of personality disorders is present.
D) whether the client's personality functioning is impaired.

Question 52

According to the text, which therapy has sometimes been effective for treating borderline personality disorder?

A) object relations-based psychotherapy
B) dialectical behavioral therapy
C) cognitive objective therapy
D) progressive desensitization therapy

Question 53

Which psychotropic drug has been used to treat obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A) serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
B) antipsychotics
C) lithium
D) sedative-hypnotics

Question 54

Mario is extremely manipulative, deceitful, and callous, and his behavior is negatively affecting those around him. The personality disorder he may have would fall into which of the DSM-5 dimensions?

A) detachment
B) antagonism
C) disinhibition
D) psychoticism

Question 55

Coworkers know Lisa as a workaholic. From what personality disorder might she suffer?

A) schizotypal
B) avoidant
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) dependent

Question 56

According to the DSM-IV-TR, clinical psychologists make their diagnoses by ________; however, according to the new section in DSM-5, they make their diagnoses by ________.

A) counting up the number of indicators present; assessing the degree of the client's psychological dysfunction
B) self-reported assessments; peer-reported assessments
C) a physical assessment; psychological assessment
D) assessing whether the client's personality functioning is impaired; making a yes or no decision regarding the presence or absence of a disorder

Question 57

________ is the tendency to frequently and intensely feel negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and suspicion.

A) Negative affectivity
B) Antagonism
C) Detachment
D) Disinhibition

Question 58

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are distinct in that OCPD generally does NOT include

A) a grandiose way of thinking.
B) hallucinations about clean surfaces.
C) specific compulsions like obsessive handwashing.
D) ego-syntonic tendencies.

Question 59

Which of the following personality disorders is more common?

A) antisocial
B) avoidant
C) narcissistic
D) obsessive-compulsive

Question 60

Which of the maladaptive personality traits in the DSM-5 bears the closest resemblance to low conscientiousness in the Big Five?

A) psychoticism
B) antagonism
C) disinhibition
D) urgency

Question 61

According to a recent study on longevity, friend ratings of participants' personalities that predicted longevity were ________ participants' self-ratings.

A) worse than
B) worse for women and better for men than
C) about the same as
D) better than

Question 62

What two components define the so-called healthy personality?

A) mental and physical health
B) environmental and situational factors
C) personality and social relationships
D) self- and peer-report data

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding some of the concerns that have been raised about the DSM?

A) The DSM system is not widely used by the psychiatric community.
B) There is a tendency to pathologize morally repugnant and criminal behavior.
C) There is little in the way of a clear definition of mental health in the DSM.
D) The labels in the DSM can be overused.

Question 64

Which of the following describes the benefit of changing someone's personality in an effort to improve their physical (or mental) health, rather than changing specific behaviors?

A) It is easier to change a trait than a specific behavior.
B) Insurance companies are more likely to cover trait therapies than individual behavior therapies.
C) Changing a trait could change all relevant health behaviors at once rather than individually.
D) There are no benefits to changing a trait.

Question 65

According to the text, what is one potential issue for diagnosing personality disorders?

A) The descriptions of behaviors are too vague to be applied to any specific person.
B) Individuals with personality disorders cannot recognize them in their own behaviors.
C) Insurance companies refuse to cover personality disorder treatments.
D) There is no sharp defining line between normal personality and abnormal personality.

Question 66

Dr. Spitz is a clinical psychologist whose last patient has recently developed a habit of lying to his parents. If Dr. Spitz were to immediately diagnose his patient with antisocial personality disorder, he would be ________ his patient's behavior.

A) appropriately analyzing
B) categorizing
C) pathologizing
D) misdiagnosing

Question 67

Clinical psychologist Dr. Powell has just seen a new patient and needs to diagnose him to appease the insurance company. In this case, use of ________ is helpful to Dr. Powell.

A) labeling
B) measurement
C) treatment
D) psychoanalysis

Question 68

A recent cross-lagged correlational study shows that being sick leads to ________ but that the reverse isn't true.

A) negative emotions
B) long-term anxiety
C) increased optimism
D) no change in emotionality

Question 69

One reason why people high on conscientiousness have especially good health is because

A) they are more likely to do things that make good health more likely.
B) there is a direct, biological connection between conscientiousness and health.
C) they have a strong social network.
D) they have especially high positive well-being.

Question 70

Research on the Type A personality disorder has ________ in recent years.

A) increased
B) become more biologically rooted
C) declined
D) stayed the same

Question 71

According to the text, labeling personality disorders can be useful for all of the following reasons EXCEPT it can

A) provide a useful explanation for the disorder.
B) be useful for predicting other behaviors relevant to the disorder.
C) help psychologists by giving them something to write on an insurance billing.
D) be useful for diagnosing or predicting your own behavior.

Question 72

What trait is MOST clearly associated with positive health outcomes?

A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) emotional stability
D) conscientiousness

Question 73

What two pathways between personality and health must be considered when evaluating their relationship with one another?

A) individual and social
B) physical and physiological
C) self-report and peer-report
D) biological and behavioral

Question 74

According to the text, psychological remedies to improve health often focus on changing

A) learned behavior.
B) attitudes about health.
C) personality.
D) cultural norms.

Question 75

According to the text, correlations between personality traits and self-reports of "feeling good" may reflect how personality affects ________ rather than physical health.

A) mood
B) other trait levels
C) mental health
D) personal opinions

Question 76

Greg is often characterized as "marching to a different drummer" or acting original and somewhat idiosyncratically. What is an exaggerated version of Greg's tendencies?

A) schizotypal
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) borderline
D) histrionic

Question 77

The original research on individuals with the Type A personality claimed that these individuals had a higher chance of

A) heart disease.
B) major depression.
C) narcissistic personality disorder.
D) increased longevity.

Question 78

One reason that research on Type A personality was so popular for so long may be because research on it was funded by the

A) government.
B) alcohol industry.
C) pharmaceutical industry.
D) tobacco industry.

Question 79

According to research on emotionality, ________ leads people to experience more stressful events, such as unemployment and divorce, while ________ leads people toward optimistic thinking engagement in more health-promoting behaviors.

A) negative emotions; positive emotions
B) positive emotions; negative emotions
C) extraversion; neuroticism
D) Type A personality traits; Type B personality traits

Question 80

All of the following are reasons for why it is difficult to gather data on health EXCEPT

A) people may not know how unhealthy they are.
B) death records are an unreliable way to measure health.
C) people may be unwilling to answer truthfully when asked about their health.
D) public health records are confidential.