Deck 3: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Items presented 20 degrees off centerline,in the right visual field,__________.

A)will be processed by only the right eye and then initially processed in the brain by the occipital lobe in the left hemisphere
B)will be processed by only the left eye and then initially processed in the brain by the occipital lobe in the left hemisphere
C)will be processed by both eyes and then initially processed in the brain by the occipital lobe in the left hemisphere
D)will be processed by both eyes and then initially processed in the brain by the occipital lobes on both sides

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The region of the retina responsible for precise focused vision is the __________.

A)input layer
B)pigmented layer
C)fovea
D)ganglia

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is a fixation?

A)a visual neural signal
B)a period when the eye is not moving
C)a smooth eye movement
D)a rapid eye movement

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The initial encoding of the stimulus from the environment into the nervous system is best described as __________.

A)the sensory register
B)sensation
C)perception
D)representation

Question 5

What is the name of the part of the eye that converts light to neural impulses?

A)cochlea
B)iris
C)retina
D)lens

Question 6

Rapid movement of the eye is __________.

A)saccade
B)smooth pursuit
C)fixation
D)foveation

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of the human visual system?

A)The initial processing of a stimulus presented in the right visual field (e.g.,20 degrees off centerline on your right-hand side)will be in the left hemisphere (left occipital lobe).
B)The duration of visual sensory memory is about 250-500 milliseconds.
C)Most information is taken up in the first brief period (about 50 milliseconds)of a new fixation.
D)There are more rods at the fovea than there are cones.

Question 8

Perception is __________.

A)the emotional feeling the accompanies perception
B)one's sensitivity to other people in the world
C)the interpretation of perceptual signals
D)the detection of external energy from the environment

Question 9

A saccadic eye movement (not including initiation time)takes approximately __________.

A)1-5 ms
B)25-100 ms
C)250-300 ms
D)400-700 ms

Question 10

Sensation is __________.

A)the emotional feeling the accompanies perception
B)one's sensitivity to other people in the world
C)the interpretation of perceptual signals
D)the detection of external energy from the environment

Question 11

The entire fixation-saccade cycle repeats itself __________.

A)approximately once per second
B)approximately twice per second
C)approximately three times per second
D)as often as ten times per second

Question 12

What of the following can occur because of a saccade?

A)blind sight
B)change blindness
C)motion sickness
D)transmutation

Question 13

Visual information is NOT gathered during __________.

A)transductions
B)fixations
C)saccades
D)peripherals

Question 14

What is the role of the retina in vision?

A)to convert light energy into neural impulses
B)to focus the image on the eye
C)to filter out unwanted visual noise
D)back propagation

Question 15

Change blindness is associated with __________.

A)hemispheric neglect
B)blindsight
C)inability to pick up changes that occur during saccades
D)bad fashion choices

Question 16

What is a saccade?

A)a visual neural signal
B)a visual fixation
C)a smooth eye movement
D)a rapid eye movement

Question 17

Light,upon entering the eye,will never shine on,pass through,or illuminate which of the following structures?

A)cornea
B)lens
C)optic chiasm
D)blind spot

Question 18

The process of interpreting and understanding sensory information is best described as __________.

A)the sensory register
B)sensation
C)perception
D)representation

Question 19

During __________,the eye is held steady and visual information is gathered.

A)saccade
B)smooth pursuit
C)fixation
D)foveation

Question 20

If I present you with a picture of a fishing trawler,but then remove (and alternatively replace)the anchor on the bow of the trawler whenever you move your eyes,you are likely to remain unaware of the addition and removal of the anchor for quite some time.This reflects __________.

A)anchoring and adjustment
B)channel capacity
C)change blindness
D)apperceptive agnosia

Question 21

The name of the mental representation in visual sensory register is __________.

A)icon
B)echo
C)formant
D)image

Question 22

George Sperling,in his 1960 monograph,discusses the implications of results obtain from a procedure called partial report.What topic was he investigating?

A)long-term memory
B)iconic memory
C)pre-categorical acoustic storage
D)lexical processing

Question 23

Trans-saccadic memory is memory for __________.

A)visual information across eye movements
B)sensory information that initiates a saccade
C)auditory transience information
D)tactile (touch)information

Question 24

The number of items recallable after any short display is called __________.

A)visual sensory memory duration
B)working memory capacity
C)the span of apperception
D)articulation span

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt principle?

A)closure
B)good continuation
C)proximity
D)recency

Question 26

Visual persistence is __________.

A)when you see spots in front of your eyes after looking directly at a light bulb
B)the apparent persistence of a stimulus beyond its real physical duration
C)being able to see after taking a blow to the head
D)when visual information dominates over auditory information

Question 27

The difference between partial report and full report is typically used to investigate __________.

A)journalism
B)iconic (or echoic)memory
C)ecological validity
D)bipolar synapse

Question 28

Sperling's studies in visual apprehension revealed that more information was available than could be reported by use of his __________ report condition.

A)partial
B)whole
C)verbal
D)visual

Question 29

Visual memory across eye movements is also called __________.

A)iconic memory
B)trans-saccadic memory
C)echoic memory
D)dynamic memory

Question 30

Discontinuity in vision refers to __________.

A)color opponent processing
B)the attentional role of temporal persistence
C)the belief that "things" shoot out of our eyes to help us see things
D)the fixation-saccade cycle of visual uptake

Question 31

Masking is __________.

A)a later visual stimulus affecting the perception of an earlier one
B)forgetting as a passive process,like decay
C)always performed using a very simple visual pattern,a fragment or component that can appear in combination with other features
D)Mar De Graw processing

Question 32

Another name for visual sensory memory is __________.

A)iconic memory
B)echoic memory
C)trans-saccadic memory
D)perception

Question 33

Visual information is said to be held in __________.

A)iconic memory
B)echoic memory
C)trans-saccadic memory
D)perception

Question 34

Focal attention __________.

A)always involves looking directly at something
B)always is data-driven
C)always is conceptually driven
D)always is the mental process of visual attention

Question 35

If I present a name for 50 milliseconds (on a computer screen)and then replace the word with a picture of a New Orleans celebration on top of the location where the word used to be,this is most likely to be part of a study investigating __________.

A)the Mozart effect
B)the Generation effect
C)alexia
D)masking

Question 36

The apparent persistence of a stimulus beyond its real physical duration is __________.

A)experimental realism
B)ecological validity
C)discontinuity in vision
D)visual persistence

Question 37

A lightning strike produces visual persistence due to __________.

A)continued retinal activity of the receptor cells
B)the span of apprehension
C)the iconic sensory register
D)apperception

Question 38

Span of apprehension is __________.

A)how long a person can retain information in iconic memory
B)the number of items recallable after any short display
C)the finding that it is easier to perceiving thing within reaching distance
D)the finding that it is easier to perceive things that we understand

Question 39

Consider the partial report condition as reported by Sperling (1960)in his iconic memory experiments.Which of the following is NOT true?

A)Accuracy decreased with cue delay.
B)Only one row of letters had to be reported.
C)Context dependence was clearly illustrated.
D)A tone was used as a cue.

Question 40

Another name for visual attention is __________.

A)focal attention
B)iconic memory
C)stimulus-driven attention
D)conceptually driven attention

Question 41

The name for a stored visual pattern used in perception is __________.

A)model
B)memory
C)template
D)organization

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt grouping principle?

A)reduction
B)good continuation
C)proximity
D)closure

Question 43

What is the phi phenomenon in perceptual processing?

A)the illusion of movement from theater marquee lights
B)the illusion of movement from rapidly presented pictures
C)movement that is excluded from processing in area MT of the brain
D)actual,real movement that the brain can actively perceive

Question 44

What aspect of perception does the Pandemonium model illustrate?

A)Geons are the foundation of perception.
B)It is a problem-solving process.
C)The end results of perceptual processing are not open to conscious awareness.
D)It is strongly conceptually driven.

Question 45

Which of the following is a Gestalt grouping principle in which an object is visually separated from its environment?

A)reduction
B)figure-ground
C)proximity
D)closure

Question 46

Which area of the brain is important for processing movement?

A)V1
B)MT
C)SPC
D)DD

Question 47

Which of the following is a model of visual processing using the elements of feature detection?

A)PDP
B)Pandemonium
C)RBC
D)template theory

Question 48

Which of the following is a Gestalt grouping principle that describes that idea that objects that move together could be grouped together?

A)good continuation
B)similarity
C)common fate
D)closure

Question 49

Which area of the brain is where feature detection begins?

A)ventral pathway
B)cingulate gyrus
C)V1
D)T3

Question 50

What perceptual process is based on simple visual elements that are then used in combination?

A)feature analysis
B)Gestalt
C)template
D)acquisitive

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT associated with Pandemonium?

A)decision demon
B)feature detection
C)selfridge
D)serial processing

Question 52

What is beta movement in perceptual processing?

A)the illusion of movement from theater marquee lights
B)the illusion of movement from rapidly presented pictures
C)movement that is excluded from processing in area MT of the brain
D)actual,real movement that the brain can actively perceive

Question 53

What is the name of the illusion of movement from theater marquee lights?

A)alpha movement
B)the phi phenomenon
C)beta movement
D)the psy phenomenon

Question 54

Which of the following influences data-driven processing in vision?

A)visual texture
B)expectations
C)context
D)long-term memory

Question 55

Which Gestalt principle would be best for determining the shape of two overlapping objects?

A)good continuation
B)resolution
C)proximity
D)focus

Question 56

Which of the following is a Gestalt grouping principle that describes that idea that objects that share a common texture could be grouped together?

A)good continuation
B)similarity
C)proximity
D)closure

Question 57

What type of processing is area V1 specialized for?

A)feature detection
B)geon processing
C)object mapping
D)common fate tracing

Question 58

Which of the following is a Gestalt grouping principle in which gaps in an image are accounted for?

A)good continuation
B)figure-ground
C)proximity
D)closure

Question 59

The following are four accounts of how we perform pattern recognition.Which of these accounts is the most likely to encounter difficulties as a result of the problem of invariance?

A)connectionist models
B)recognition by components
C)template matching
D)feature matching

Question 60

What is the name of the illusion of movement from rapidly presented pictures?

A)alpha movement
B)the phi phenomenon
C)beta movement
D)the psy phenomenon

Question 61

A limitation of Biederman's recognition by components (RBC)model is that __________.

A)it is neurologically implausible
B)there are no animal models for the process
C)it is strictly data-driven
D)it is strictly conceptually driven

Question 62

A perceptual phenomenon that reflects conceptually driven processing is:

A)color perception
B)depth perception
C)transduction
D)repetition blindness

Question 63

What changes in a connectionist model as new information is learned?

A)input units
B)output units
C)connections
D)hidden units

Question 64

What are the units of a connectionist model that could be thought of as doing the actual recognizing of a perceptual stimulus?

A)input units
B)output units
C)connecting units
D)hidden units

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a model of pattern recognition?

A)Chinese room
B)feature analysis
C)template matching
D)Pandemonium

Question 66

Which of the following is a model of pattern recognition?

A)RT
B)RBC
C)ACT
D)SOA

Question 67

Biederman's recognition by components (RBC)model does NOT account which of the following?

A)People can identify what an object is as fast as they even note that something is there.
B)People can abstract the three-dimensional building blocks as needed.
C)People can perceive overall object shapes as well as components.
D)People can rely on their prior expertise.

Question 68

Which of the following best illustrates top-down processing?

A)Selfridge's Pandemonium model
B)template-matching models of visual or auditory processing
C)feature-based models of visual or auditory processing
D)Warren and Warren's phoneme replacement studies

Question 69

The units of a connectionist model that are neither the input nor the output units are called what?

A)metric units
B)parallel units
C)connecting units
D)hidden units

Question 70

Geons can be abstracted using the __________ in an image.

A)vertices
B)curves
C)shading
D)lines

Question 71

Connections models have all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A)input units
B)output units
C)connecting units
D)hidden units

Question 72

Which of the following provides evidence consistent with Biederman's recognition by components model?

A)the importance of context effects
B)neuropsychological investigations of Gestalt form processing
C)recoverable and nonrecoverable objects
D)the three-eared man procedure

Question 73

The influence of context on perception illustrates the operation of __________ processing.

A)featured-based
B)sensory
C)conceptually driven
D)data-driven

Question 74

What is the name for primitive building blocks of 3D perception?

A)features
B)apperceptions
C)modals
D)geons

Question 75

Which of the following does NOT influence conceptually driven processing in vision?

A)visual texture
B)expectations
C)context
D)long-term memory

Question 76

What could the input units of a connectionist model correspond to?

A)input units
B)output units
C)connecting units
D)hidden units

Question 77

In a rapid serial visual presentation of a set of numbers or letters (one at a time),there is a tendency to "miss" any repeated letter,especially if there are only one or two intervening items.This reflects __________.

A)repetition blindness
B)span of apprehension
C)apperceptive agnosia
D)partial report

Question 78

The sign WELCOME to ILLNOIS contains a spelling error (Illnois should be Illinois).Your (presumed)initial "correct" reading of the sign reveals __________.

A)introspection
B)conceptually driven processing
C)bottom-up influences
D)recognition by components

Question 79

What is a geon?

A)a Gestalt grouping unit
B)a geometrical connectionist model
C)a basic building block of 3D perception
D)a primitive feature detector

Question 80

Repetition blindness reflects the operation of __________ processing.

A)orthogonal
B)discursive
C)data-driven
D)conceptually driven