Deck 17: The Age of Reason

Question 1

The originator of the rococo style in painting was

A) Hogarth.
B) Watteau.
C) Fragonard.
D) Boucher.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Enlightenment owed intellectual debts to all of the following EXCEPT

A) seventeenth-century revolutions in science and philosophy.
B) the secular values of the Greco-Roman world.
C) the humanism of the Renaissance.
D) the religious doctrines of Christianity.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Deism was based on

A) Adam Smith's economic theory.
B) Isaac Newton's model of the universe.
C) Mozart's compositions for piano.
D) Leibniz's philosophical writings.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The outstanding example of enlightened despotism in the Age of Reason was

A) Austria under Joseph II.
B) Russia under Peter the Great.
C) France under Louis XVI.
D) Great Britain under George I.

Question 5

The Empress Maria Theresa of Austria

A) was one of the most ardent supporters of the Enlightenment.
B) ruled over an empire that included only Austrian Germans.
C) attempted to reform her government and army.
D) never had the support of her people, who held her in contempt.

Question 6

The philosophes called for all of the following reforms EXCEPT

A) religious toleration.
B) an expanded, independent educational system.
C) women's suffrage.
D) an end to bigotry.

Question 7

Of which religion was John Wesley the founder?

A) First Great Awakening
B) Methodism
C) Deism
D) Pietism

Question 8

The Encyclopédie was

A) a monumental work of seventeen text volumes and eleven books of illustrations.
B) sponsored by the French authorities.
C) edited by Voltaire.
D) dedicated to the high culture of the arts and humanities.

Question 9

Engravers from which of the following nations trained a generation of artists in the mezzotint technique?

A) Spain
B) France
C) Italy
D) the Netherlands

Question 10

The Enlightenment was essentially a product of cultural life in

A) Italy.
B) Scotland.
C) France.
D) Great Britain.

Question 11

Which was NOT a prominent design element in rococo interiors?

A) mirrors
B) chandeliers
C) religious images
D) rocaille

Question 12

Who laid out his philosophy of skepticism in A Treatise of Human Nature?

A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B) Baron de Montesquieu
C) David Hume
D) John Locke

Question 13

Enlightenment thinking favored

A) traditional Catholic beliefs.
B) pietistic feelings.
C) the experimental method.
D) Thomist theology.

Question 14

The works of ________ were famous for their unabashed sexuality.

A) Watteau
B) Hogarth
C) Boucher
D) David

Question 15

________, as a limited monarchy, became the ideal model for many philosophes.

A) Great Britain
B) France
C) Sweden
D) Spain

Question 16

Watteau specialized in which subject?

A) domestic interiors
B) aristocratic entertainments
C) portraits
D) still lifes

Question 17

Who was the editor of the Encyclopédie?

A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B) Voltaire
C) Denis Diderot
D) Adam Smith

Question 18

A central tenet of Deism is that

A) Jesus Christ is the savior of humanity.
B) God created the universe and set the laws of nature in motion and thereafter never again interfered in human and natural affairs.
C) God reveals himself in the human heart.
D) God expresses himself in human feelings.

Question 19

The originators of laissez-faire economics were

A) Voltaire and Rousseau.
B) the Physiocrats and Adam Smith.
C) Diderot and Montesquieu.
D) the "enlightened despots" of the eighteenth century.

Question 20

Another name for laissez-faire economics is

A) the guild system.
B) free trade.
C) mercantilism.
D) a government-run system.

Question 21

Fielding's The History of Tom Jones is a

A) sentimental domestic drama.
B) robust comedy and adventure tale.
C) tragic situation brought on by fate.
D) legendary tale of a famous highwayman.

Question 22

Of which painting style was Jacques-Louis David the primary exponent?

A) romanticism
B) rococo
C) neoclassicism
D) orphism

Question 23

Montesquieu's most enduring idea in The Spirit of the Laws is that

A) governments should be based on the consent of the governed.
B) governments are created to protect property.
C) a separation of powers prevents governments from becoming tyrannical.
D) natural rights are inalienable.

Question 24

Rousseau's philosophy differed from that of Locke by asserting that

A) the state cannot give its citizens basic civil rights or a moral purpose.
B) human beings are born free and equal in nature.
C) the people are represented by the state through a legislature or parliament.
D) the people themselves collectively personify the state through the general will.

Question 25

Voltaire's chief aim in Candide was to satirize the

A) philosophy of optimism.
B) institution of monarchy.
C) practice of arranged marriages.
D) legal system of France.

Question 26

Who of the following, considered an "enlightened despot", was a pragmatic diplomat, a skilled military tactician, and a student of the Enlightenment and French culture who ruled Prussia and converted it into a leading European power?

A) Queen Anne
B) George III
C) Louis XV
D) Frederick II

Question 27

Neoclassical architecture relied on the ideals of

A) grandiosity and monumentality.
B) architectural detail and Roman forms.
C) abstraction and nonrepresentation.
D) airiness and lightness.

Question 28

Which of the following is a composition for orchestra?

A) concerto
B) symphony
C) sonata
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 29

The music of Couperin is a perfect counterpart to the

A) paintings of David.
B) poems of Alexander Pope.
C) art of Watteau.
D) architecture of Robert Adam.

Question 30

English neoclassical writers and their readers shared which values?

A) lightheartedness and love of luxury
B) formality and courtliness
C) moralism and religiosity
D) free-spiritedness and unconventionality

Question 31

Which technological innovation is associated with Hogarth's art?

A) He was the pioneer of the lithography process.
B) He was the first artist to run off multiple engravings of his paintings.
C) He was the progenitor of drypoint.
D) He was the originator of prints in newspapers.

Question 32

Rousseau's democratic ideas reflected his origins as a citizen of the

A) nation-state of England.
B) world.
C) city-state of Geneva.
D) Holy Roman Empire.

Question 33

The perfect instrument for rococo music was the

A) violin.
B) trumpet.
C) harpsichord.
D) organ.

Question 34

Which author wrote novels that were sentimental domestic dramas?

A) Henry Fielding
B) Alexander Pope
C) Edward Gibbon
D) Samuel Richardson

Question 35

What new literary form was developed in the Age of Reason?

A) the novel
B) the epic
C) the sonnet
D) the philosophic dialogue

Question 36

Which of the following musicians composed the Surprise Symphony?

A) Franz Joseph Haydn
B) Philippe Rameau
C) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
D) François Couperin

Question 37

Which writer's intensely personal autobiography foreshadowed romanticism?

A) Montesquieu
B) Diderot
C) Voltaire
D) Rousseau

Question 38

Eighteenth-century novelists generally wrote about

A) famous historical events.
B) legends or fables.
C) ordinary people.
D) glamorous personages.

Question 39

A splendid example of a rococo interior is the

A) Library of Kenwood House, London.
B) Salon de la Princesse in the Hôtel de Soubise, Paris.
C) Hall of Mirrors in the palace at Versailles.
D) auditorium of the Pantheon, Paris.

Question 40

Neoclassicism was characterized by

A) frivolous subjects.
B) a focus on anatomy and life drawings.
C) weightless floating images.
D) an undercurrent of eroticism.

Question 41

Discuss the rise of the novel in eighteenth-century England. What conditions encouraged its development, who were the first novelists, and what were their themes?

Question 42

All of the following were contributions by Mozart EXCEPT

A) new musical forms.
B) religious works.
C) instrumental music.
D) operas.

Question 43

What was enlightened despotism? Where and why did it develop in the eighteenth century? Discuss the successes and failures of this political system, focusing on one of the enlightened despots discussed in the textbook.

Question 44

Discuss the most important characteristics of eighteenth-century European society. How were they reflected in the arts?

Question 45

Why did most of the philosophes reject absolutism and support an alternative form of government? Compare the alternative types of government preferred by Montesquieu and Rousseau.

Question 46

Which of the following musicians considered as demeaning his post as court musician in the service of the archbishop of Salzburg?

A) Franz Joseph Haydn
B) Philippe Rameau
C) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
D) François Couperin

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT considered part of a traditional sonata?

A) exposition
B) scherzo
C) development
D) recapitulation

Question 48

What influences helped to bring about the neoclassical style? What were its characteristics?

Question 49

How did English society influence the rise of neoclassicism in literature? Focus on the writings of Alexander Pope and Edward Gibbon.

Question 50

Identify the characteristics and leading figures of the rococo style of art. How did painters like Hogarth respond to this style?

Question 51

What were the leading goals, ideals, figures, and contributions of the Enlightenment to the Western tradition?

Question 52

Define Deism. What were its intellectual origins?

Question 53

How would you characterize Mary Wollstonecraft's version of feminism? What were her key concerns, and what solutions did she propose?

Question 54

Rameau made his major achievement as a composer of

A) dramatic operas.
B) sonatas.
C) comic operas.
D) symphonies
Essay Questions

Question 55

What innovations occurred in music during the Age of Reason?

Question 56

In The Marriage of Figaro, Mozart presents a

A) study of the impact of a mythical hero on history.
B) brief one-act opera on the role of women in Austrian society.
C) humorous account of how the lower class can outwit the upper class.
D) romantic opera that plays on the theme of rejected love.