Deck 9: Language

Question 1

Language is a ____________ system.

A)symbolic
B)communication
C)shared
D)all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

That background characteristics within the language have been proposed to change how people understand the world reflects __________.

A)semantic functionality
B)encoding specificity
C)the case grammar approach
D)the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Sapir and Whorf proposed that the language you know shapes the way you think about events in the world around you; this phenomenon is known as __________.

A)semantic functionality
B)encoding specificity
C)case grammar
D)linguistic relativity

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of Miller's (1973)five levels of language analysis is the analysis of phrase and sentence meaning with reference to knowledge in semantic memory?

A)belief-level analysis
B)semantic analysis
C)phonological analysis
D)conceptual analysis

Question 5

Features or characteristics that are common to all languages are __________.

A)a linguistic universal
B)a "true" language
C)a semanticity test
D)a Chinese room test

Question 6

?The linguistic universal that specifies that "language conveys meaning" is __________.

A)duality of patterning
B)total feedback
C)productivity (generativity)
D)semanticity

Question 7

Which of Miller's (1973)five levels of language analysis is the analysis of word meaning and the integration of word meaning within phrases or sentences?

A)deep structure
B)semantic analysis
C)phonological analysis
D)syntactic analysis

Question 8

Animals possess the ability to __________.

A)use language
B)communicate
C)use sign language
D)communicate about objects that are not present

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT associated with the concept of arbitrariness?

A)onomatopoeia
B)connections that are learned
C)naming
D)changes in definitions across time

Question 10

__________ supported the idea that how we think is influenced by the specific language that we speak.

A)Whorf
B)Hockett
C)Miller
D)Chompsky

Question 11

Language is __________.

A)uniquely human
B)found in any form of communication
C)a rudimentary form of thought
D)only valid if it is spoken

Question 12

The formal discipline that takes language as its topic is __________.

A)psycholinguistics
B)speech pathology
C)linguistics
D)audiology

Question 13

The internalized knowledge of language and its rules that fully fluent speakers of a language have is known as__________.

A)competence
B)performance
C)articulation
D)processing fluency

Question 14

The number of phonemes in English is approximately __________.

A)200
B)100
C)50
D)25

Question 15

"Each unit of language has a physical resemblance to its referent" is a definition of __________.

A)ideographic system
B)iconic system
C)symbolic system
D)cognitive economics

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT associated with the concept of arbitrariness?

A)connections that are learned
B)flexibility
C)naming
D)discreteness

Question 17

__________ is a shared symbolic system of communication.

A)A linguistic universal
B)A language
C)Verbal learning theory
D)Diagnostics

Question 18

Animals lack the ability to communicate using the language universal of __________.

A) arbitrariness
B) semanticity
C) displacement
D) vocalization

Question 19

Three variables are relevant to the production of consonants in English.They include all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A)place of articulation
B)manner of articulation
C)voicing
D)authorization

Question 20

Which of the following was NOT one of Hockett's linguistic universals?

A)duality of patterning
B)arbitrariness
C)displacement
D)encoding

Question 21

The ordering of words in a sentence to show their relation to one another is __________.

A)morphological analysis
B)syntax
C)propositional representation
D)spreading activation

Question 22

The sounds of language are graphically illustrated in __________.

A)electrographs
B)phonographs
C)spectrographs
D)audiophiles

Question 23

__________ is a situation in which existing knowledge of language biases one's reasoning about what one is hearing.

A)Veracity effect
B)Top-down bias
C)Representativeness
D)Confirmation bias

Question 24

Sentence structure is synonymous with __________.

A)prescriptive grammar
B)case grammar
C)syntax
D)semantics

Question 25

{(the patio)(resembles(a junkyard))} reflects __________.

A)phrase structure
B)semantic cases
C)morphological analysis
D)categorical perception

Question 26

Which is NOT associated with transformational grammar?

A)phrase structure rules
B)semantic roles
C)deep structure
D)lexical insertion rules

Question 27

Which does NOT provide evidence for top-down processing in auditory language comprehension?

A)our belief that the pauses between words are larger than the pauses within words
B)the problem of invariance
C)phonemic restoration effect (Warren & Warren)
D)trichromatic theory (Young,von Helmholtz)

Question 28

Categorical perception of phonemes suggests that speech perception is __________.

A)strongly influenced by conceptually driven processes
B)accurately reflective of the underlying continuum of sounds
C)more innate than acquired
D)strongly linked to vision

Question 29

The extensiveness of your knowledge of the rules of permissible sound combinations in English refers to your __________.

A)discreteness
B)phonemic competence
C)productive vocabulary
D)receptive vocabulary

Question 30

Which is NOT true of the sentence "The shooting of the hunters was terrible"?

A)It is an ambiguous sentence.
B)It reveals a limitation of a pure phrase structure approach.
C)It has only one surface structure.
D)It illustrates the disambiguating role of syntax.

Question 31

Our ability to detect variations in speech sounds despite co-articulation and from speaker to speaker reflects __________.

A)bad planning
B)infant perceptual errors
C)speech-to-sound correspondence rules
D)the problem of invariance

Question 32

"To beer a pour" is an illustration of __________.

A)a speech error
B)a spectrogram
C)a blend
D)phase structure grammar

Question 33

The inability of a native Spanish-speaking monolingual individual to differentiate "EYES" from "ICE" reflects __________.

A)semantic categorization
B)morpheme-based processing
C)categorical perception
D)syntactic analysis

Question 34

Coarticulation is most likely to be encountered __________.

A)in most phrases
B)in barbershop quartets
C)only when voicing
D)only with transformational perception

Question 35

Which is NOT a speech error?

A)shift
B)exchange
C)voicing
D)preservation

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT included within Chomsky's transformational grammar?

A)deep structure
B)integration of semantic representation
C)surface structure
D)semantic cases

Question 37

Derivational complexity refers to __________.

A)the number of grammatical transformations applied
B)the number of underlying propositions
C)the number of independent concepts
D)the number of phrase structures

Question 38

The idea that language users tend to put older concepts earlier in an utterance than new concepts is called __________.

A)asymmetric binding
B)the given-new strategy
C)temporal consistency
D)into question

Question 39

Which is NOT true?

A)Syntactic structures can be primed.
B)More accessible information tends to be reported earlier in a sentence.
C)We delay sentence initiation if the concepts are hard to retrieve.
D)Transformational grammar assumes that we are aware of the semantic content before deriving phrase structures.

Question 40

"Fire engine red" versus "red fire engine" illustrates the importance of __________.

A)word order
B)spreading activation in a semantic network
C)interactionist approach to language
D)phrase order

Question 41

The idea that the words in a sentence influence each other in terms of their meaning and relate to the concepts conveyed by other words is best captured by the theory of __________.:

A)syntactic rules
B)semantic cases
C)pragmatic origins
D)phonetic coarticulation

Question 42

People who are bilingual show __________ intelligence compared to people who speak one language.

A)lower
B)higher
C)similar
D)different

Question 43

The smallest unit of meaning in language is __________.

A)phoneme
B)morpheme
C)lexicon
D)syntax

Question 44

Right hemisphere language processing focuses more on __________.

A)integrating lexical information at the sentence level
B)articulating language
C)making remote associations
D)fine-grained,analytic processing

Question 45

Which of the following does NOT belong?

A)Broca's aphasia
B)conduction aphasia
C)production aphasia
D)expressive aphasia

Question 46

The disruption (a loss of all or some)of previously intact language skills caused by a brain-related disorder or injury is __________.

A)aphasia
B)agnosia
C)apraxia
D)agraphia

Question 47

The disruption (a loss of all or some)of previously intact word finding,either lexical or semantic,caused by a brain-related disorder or injury is __________.

A)alexia
B)agraphia
C)anomia
D)agnosia

Question 48

The reality and nature of speech errors suggest that __________.

A)Freudian interpretations are always correct
B)cognition is flawed beyond usefulness
C)scientists are way too picky
D)language production is a complex set of steps

Question 49

Fillenbaum's sentence "Don't print that or I won't sue you" is best described as __________.

A)perverse threat
B)threat
C)disordered threat
D)conjunctive statement

Question 50

Aphasia is a loss of __________.

A)spoken language hearing
B)the ability to write
C)language abilities
D)memory for verbs

Question 51

In Wernicke's aphasia,__________ is NOT preserved.

A)comprehension
B)repetition
C)naming
D)syntax

Question 52

ERP studies investigating semantically anomalous sentences reveal that these sentences produce a distinctive __________.

A)N400 ERP pattern
B)P600 ERP pattern
C)syntactic priming function
D)expressive aphasia

Question 53

The disruption (a loss of all or some)of previously intact visual object recognition abilities caused by a brain-related disorder or injury is __________.

A)alexia
B)agraphia
C)anomia
D)agnosia

Question 54

ERP studies investigating syntactically anomalous sentences reveal that these sentences produce a distinctive __________.

A)N400 ERP pattern
B)P600 ERP Pattern
C)syntactic priming function
D)expressive aphasia

Question 55

Which of the following is a morpheme?

A)Ga as in garage
B)-s as in cars
C)Disposable as in disposable diaper
D)Puh as in puh-leeze do not ask me about this

Question 56

Mental lexicon is also known as __________.

A)semantics
B)syntax
C)grammar
D)sentence planning

Question 57

Your understanding of the function served by KEY in the phrase "the key opened the door" is most closely related to which theoretical view of language processing?

A)Craik & Lockhart's "depth of processing" account
B)elaborative encoding
C)Chomsky's transformational grammar
D)the case grammar approach

Question 58

Mental lexicon includes __________.

A)words and their meaning
B)phrase structure
C)syntactic rulebook
D)propositional memory

Question 59

According to studies (such as that by McCandliss,Posner,& Givon [1997]),how many weeks of processing words in a new language does it take for brain activity to resemble that with words in one's native language?

A)one
B)forty
C)twenty-five
D)five

Question 60

Polysemy is __________.

A)different syntaxes used to convey the same idea
B)the same syntax used to convey multiple ideas
C)when one word has multiple meanings
D)when multiple words mean the same thing

Question 61

Understanding productivity is argued to be the key to understanding language.

Question 62

Spreading activation is a linguistic universal.

Question 63

Languages with more phonemes allow more complex ideas to be communicated.

Question 64

Chomsky's work never dealt satisfactorily with meaning.

Question 65

In transformational grammar,because of the separation of the treatment of semantics,a sentence's true meaning may not be reflected in its surface structure.

Question 66

Linguistics is the study of language as it is used and learned by people.

Question 67

Any theory of speech recognition must account for both data-driven and conceptually driven processing.

Question 68

With training,grammatical versus ungrammatical sentence structures do not impact shadowing performance.

Question 69

Exposure to a syntactic structure can prime future use of that structure.

Question 70

The study of linguistics was one of the foundations of the cognitive revolution.

Question 71

Vowels involve no disruption of the airflow.

Question 72

Sign language is a true language.

Question 73

George Miller suggested the idea of linguistic relativity.

Question 74

The syntactic structure of sentences can prime your use of those same syntactic structures.

Question 75

Deep structures are converted into surface structures by transformational rules.

Question 76

In speech,pauses between words are greater than pauses within words.

Question 77

Right hemisphere damage can result in a loss in the ability to __________.

A)draw inferences
B)repeat language heard verbatim
C)produce language
D)comprehend language

Question 78

The fact that it is harder to understand someone on the telephone than someone you are speaking to in person is inconsistent with the motor theory of speech perception.

Question 79

In TG,"The boy kissed the girl" and "Did the boy kiss the girl?" differ in their deep structure.

Question 80

In conduction aphasia,__________ is NOT preserved.

A)comprehension
B)repetition
C)naming
D)syntax