Deck 21: Black Power

Question 1

By the end of 1966,CORE and SNCC had

A)both expelled their white members.
B)both disbanded in response to growing black militancy.
C)both shifted their focus from racial discrimination to gender discrimination.
D)become the only two major civil rights organizations dedicated to the principle of nonviolent resistance.

Answer 1

both expelled their white members.

Question 2

In the immediate aftermath of his first trip to Africa and the Middle East,Malcolm X called attention to

A)the need to link the African-American freedom struggle to international communism.
B)the international character of the black rights movement.
C)the color and racial diversity in the Muslim world.
D)the indifference of the rest of the world to the travails of black Americans.

Answer 2

the international character of the black rights movement.

Question 3

During and after his trips to Africa in 1964,Malcolm X did all of the following EXCEPT

A)sever ties with Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam.
B)call on African nations to place the violation of black Americans' human rights before the U.N.
C)form a secular organization to foster unity among black Americans.
D)harden his conviction that all whites were "devils" and racists.

Answer 3

harden his conviction that all whites were "devils" and racists.

Question 4

Malcolm X's Garveyite heritage led him to disagree with Elijah Muhammad over the question of

A)whether black Americans were African or Asiatic peoples.
B)whether black Americans could assimilate into white society.
C)whether militant self defense was ever justified.
D)whether black Americans should focus on cultural or economic independence.

Question 5

The phrase "Black Power" emerged in the March against Fear from Memphis to Jackson which was initially begun by

A)Martin Luther King,Jr.
B)Stokely Carmichael.
C)James Meredith.
D)Floyd McKissick.

Question 6

Throughout most of his career,Malcolm X

A)worked closely with leaders in the mainstream civil rights movement.
B)contended that blacks could only uplift themselves by assimilating into white society and changing it and themselves simultaneously.
C)remained an obscure figure,unknown outside of radical black circles.
D)argued that black men should prove their manhood by defending themselves and their families against violence with violence.

Question 7

Who popularized the phrase "Black Power" at a freedom rally in 1966?

A)Malcolm X
B)Stokely Carmichael
C)James Meredith
D)Eldridge Cleaver

Question 8

Organizations such as the Deacons of Defense and Justice and the Cambridge Nonviolent Action Committee demonstrate that

A)the nonviolent civil rights movement in the South sometimes worked in conjunction with organizations willing to employ armed defense.
B)despite its long reach in the South,the nonviolent civil rights movement made little leeway in the more militant black communities in the North.
C)the sort of militant organizations which could develop in the North could not take root in the more oppressive soil of the South.
D)the nonviolent civil rights movement not only refused to commit violent acts,but also refused to associate with organizations which did so.

Question 9

After being drafted to fight in Vietnam,Muhammad Ali

A)followed the precedent of Joe Louis and went overseas to fight.
B)fled the country and lived in exile in Africa for several years.
C)suffered conviction and the loss of his title but refused to serve.
D)struck a deal whereby he could fulfill his duty by fighting several matches for soldiers overseas.

Question 10

The Black Panther Party of Self Defense was founded in 1966 in

A)Detroit,Michigan.
B)Baltimore,Maryland.
C)Oakland,California.
D)Chicago,Illinois.

Question 11

Which civil rights leader changed his name to Kwame Touré and moved to Conakry,Guinea?

A)Malcolm X
B)Stokely Carmichael
C)Floyd McKissick
D)Huey Newton

Question 12

Which cofounder of the Black Panthers and Minister of Defense for the party was convicted for manslaughter in the death of a policeman?

A)Bobby Seale
B)Eldridge Cleaver
C)Vincent Harding
D)Huey Newton

Question 13

The cultural nationalist movement of the 1960s emphasized

A)recognition of the essential equality of men and women.
B)the need to work closely with militant organizations like the BPP.
C)Marxist revolutionary thought as the proper instrument for racial uplift.
D)the recovery of African rituals,clothing,and languages.

Question 14

In the early 1940s,MOWM caused consternation among black leaders such as Bayard Rustin and James Farmer because

A)they had lost faith in peaceful protest and advocated more militant action.
B)they believed that the struggle for civil rights needed to be halted temporarily until the Second World War had come to an end.
C)they believed that the march might inspire militant action and that prohibiting whites from participating in the march would alienate white supporters.
D)they felt that a march on Washington would contribute to the belief that the black community needed the federal government to solve its problems and would undermine the doctrine of self-reliance.

Question 15

In 1955 the prominent African Americans Richard Wright and Adam Clayton Powell,Jr.,attended an international conference of Asian and African peoples held at

A)Bandung.
B)Paris.
C)Cairo.
D)Tripoli.

Question 16

Which cultural nationalist founded US and created Kwanzaa?

A)Bobby Seale
B)Vincent Harding
C)Maulana Karenga
D)Cleveland Sellers

Question 17

The Black Panthers' Ten-Point Program called for all of the following reforms EXCEPT

A)full equality between men and women.
B)full employment for black people.
C)the release of all black people from prison.
D)the exemption of black men from the military draft.

Question 18

In the last half of the twentieth century,all of the following trends became noticeable in black higher education EXCEPT

A)plummeting graduation rates at historically black colleges.
B)growing numbers of black students at historically white colleges.
C)the introduction of Black Studies programs at many universities.
D)increasing numbers of blacks professors and administrators at historically white colleges.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the Nation of Islam is LEAST accurate?

A)Its most famous convert was the boxer Cassius Clay.
B)Its religious teachings closely resembled those of mainstream Islamic sects throughout the world.
C)Its policies emphasized not only religious worship but also the establishment of black-owned businesses and self-help programs.
D)Its members replaced their last names with "X" as a symbolic separation from white society.

Question 20

Which ex-convict turned revolutionary published his memoir Soul on Ice in 1968?

A)Bobby Seale
B)Eldridge Cleaver
C)Vincent Harding
D)Huey Newton

Question 21

Perhaps the most explosive urban riots of the 1960s,which left 43 dead and caused $500 million in property damage,took place where in the summer of 1967?

A)Yorkville
B)Detroit
C)Watts
D)Newark

Question 22

According to the Black Arts Movement,authentic black aesthetic values

A)could be found in the writings of black authors such as Ralph Ellison and James Baldwin.
B)were only meaningful insofar as they were universal.
C)were most fully expressed in the tradition of African-American music.
D)integrated African traditions with European and white American ones.

Question 23

Barbara Ann Teer,Val Grey Ward,and Bob Macbeth were all leading figures in which field of arts?

A)poetry
B)novels
C)theater
D)painting

Question 24

Which playwright,poet,and critic would change his name to Amiri Baraka after he became a voice of black militant art in 1965?

A)LeRoi Jones
B)John Oliver Killens
C)Larry Neal
D)Addison Gayle

Question 25

What event on April 4,1968 triggered a wave of rioting and looting in over 100 cities?

A)the assassination of Malcolm X
B)the arrest of Angela Davis
C)the assassination of Martin Luther King,Jr.
D)the killing of Fred Hampton

Question 26

Which novelist inspired renewed interest in the works of Zora Neale Hurston before winning the Pulitzer Prize for her novel The Color Purple in 1982?

A)Toni Morrison
B)Maya Angelou
C)Audre Lorde
D)Alice Walker

Question 27

Which of the following statements about African Americans' political power in the late 1960s and 1970s is LEAST accurate?

A)The presence of black Americans in local political offices increased substantially.
B)The majority of black Americans rejected mainstream politics and embraced black power ideologies.
C)Attempts to create a large and effective independent black political organization proved unable to overcome divisions among black Americans.
D)Although its membership fluctuated,the Congressional Black Caucus emerged as and remained a strong and aggressive body.

Question 28

Known for its embrace of Marxism and its "Free Angela Davis" campaign,what was the most radical feminist organization of the 1970s?

A)Third World Women's Alliance
B)National Black Feminist Organization
C)Combahee River Collective
D)Black Women Organized for Action

Question 29

Which expatriate artist of the black power period is known for such linocuts as "Malcolm Speaks for Us" and Harriet?

A)Romare Bearden
B)Elizabeth Catlett
C)David Driskell
D)Faith Ringgold

Question 30

Faith Ringgold is best known for telling stories through

A)quilts.
B)linocuts.
C)novels.
D)poetry.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about the National Black Feminist Organization is LEAST accurate?

A)It was founded in response to the failure of existing black power organizations to adequately address the pressing needs of women.
B)It was founded in response to the failure of existing feminist organizations to adequately address the pressing needs of African Americans.
C)It was one of the first black organizations to discuss the issue of lesbian sexuality in an open manner.
D)It was the only black feminist organization founded in the 1970s to survive into the twenty-first century.

Question 32

The "Orangeburg Massacre" was the killing of three black students by campus police in 1968 at which university?

A)Kent State University
B)Virginia Union University
C)South Carolina State University
D)Michigan State University

Question 33

The Black Arts Movement praised John Coltrane's music for its

A)rejection of all sounds but African ones.
B)improvised and spiritual character.
C)fidelity to classic jazz and blues forms.
D)integration of African rhythms and European sounds.

Question 34

What notorious argument was laid forth in the Moynihan report?

A)that disparities in white and black test performance resulted from innate intelligence rather than educational background
B)that the central problem of the black community was the proliferation of female-headed households
C)that federal programs designed to lift African Americans out of poverty instead transformed them into a class of dependents
D)that terrorism by militant black groups represented the single greatest threat to America's domestic security

Question 35

How did female activists such as Elaine Brown and Angela Davis relate to the black power movement of the 60s and 70s?

A)They proposed a more integrationist approach to race relations,centered on women's natural roles as mothers.
B)They rejected the black power movement completely because of its chauvinistic rhetoric.
C)They worked with male black nationalists even as they bridled under the men's overt sexism.
D)They rejected the pursuit of women's rights as an unnecessary distraction from the sole goal of furthering black power.

Question 36

Which filmmaker's Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song originated the genre of "blaxploitation" films?

A)Richard Roundtree
B)Isaac Hayes
C)Jim Brown
D)Melvin Van Peebles

Question 37

Which of the following statements about the Afro hairstyle is LEAST accurate?

A)Large numbers of older African Americans viewed the Afro with disdain.
B)The adoption of the Afro was a more radical step for black men than for black women,who had long expressed racial identities through hairstyles.
C)The adoption of the Afro occurred concurrently with the adoption of longer hair by young white men.
D)The Afro symbolized a rejection of traditional values and of assimilation into white society.

Question 38

Which singer's "To Be Young,Gifted,and Black" became the unofficial anthem of the black-power movement?

A)Maya Angelou
B)Carolyn Rodgers
C)Assata Shakur
D)Nina Simone