Deck 14: In Pursuit of Democracy

Question 1

Which of the following statements about exemptions to the draft during the First World War is LEAST accurate?

A)Black men who worked for rich white landowners were sometimes exempted from service.
B)Black men rarely received marriage exemptions because,unlike white women,their wives were expected to work outside the home.
C)Rich farmers sometimes received agricultural exemptions from service while sharecroppers and tenant farmers were denied exemptions.
D)Because the draft was a federal initiative,exemptions were awarded consistently from state to state.

Answer 1

Because the draft was a federal initiative,exemptions were awarded consistently from state to state.

Question 2

During the First World War,the NAACP devoted its energies toward agitating for

A)the desegregation of the armed forces.
B)the creation of a black officer training camp.
C)a federal commitment to guaranteeing jobs for returning black veterans.
D)a prohibition on racial discrimination by any company producing war materiel under contract with the federal government.

Answer 2

the creation of a black officer training camp.

Question 3

During the First World War,black soldiers served in all of the following units or positions EXCEPT

A)the signal corps.
B)Army lawyers.
C)intelligence officers.
D)pilots in the aviation corps.

Answer 3

pilots in the aviation corps.

Question 4

When the First World War began,the army's highest-ranking black officer was

A)promoted to general in order to emphasize the army's commitment to racial equality.
B)placed in overall command of the army's several all-black regiments.
C)removed from duty ostensibly on medical grounds,though possibly because he would outrank white officers leading all-black regiments.
D)thrown in prison for publicly avowing that if Congress did not grant black men their rights while they were fighting in Europe,then they would continue fighting once they returned home.

Question 5

Which bandmaster of the Harlem Hellfighters is credited with introducing jazz to France?

A)Henry Hugh Proctor
B)Matthew Bullock
C)Max Yergan
D)James Reese Europe

Question 6

During the First World War,black Americans were

A)admitted to all branches of the military.
B)prohibited from enlisting in the Marines.
C)prohibited from enlisting in the Navy.
D)admitted only into the Army.

Question 7

In August 1917,a melee begun between white policemen and black soldiers resulted in the killing of seventeen whites and the execution of thirteen black soldiers in

A)Houston,Texas.
B)Charlotte,North Carolina.
C)Petersburg,Virginia.
D)Yaphank,New York.

Question 8

Known as the "Harlem Hellfighters," what was the most acclaimed black regiment of the First World War?

A)the 369^th United States Infantry
B)the 10^th United States Cavalry
C)the 26^th United States Infantry
D)the 423^rd United States Cavalry

Question 9

Roughly how many African American men served in the U.S.armed services during the First World War?

A)32,000
B)124,000
C)370,000
D)1,050,000

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the military draft during the First World War is MOST accurate?

A)The U.S.government declined to draft black men into the military until losses on the battlefield made it unavoidable.
B)Most black men actively resisted the draft because they had no desire to fight for a country which deprived them of their political rights.
C)Although white men were drafted in higher absolute numbers than black men,a higher percentage of black men who registered were drafted.
D)Although northern states often drafted black men before white men,southern states like Georgia and South Carolina drafted almost no African Americans because of fears of armed black uprisings.

Question 11

Who was the only black soldier of the First World War to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor,albeit posthumously in 1991?

A)Noble Sissle
B)Needham Roberts
C)Henry Johnson
D)Freddie Stowers

Question 12

When given a strategically important mission in preparation for the Argonne-Meusse offensive,the black soldiers of the 368^th Infantry Regiment of the Ninety-Second Division

A)refused to fight,believing that they were chosen for a suicide mission based on their race.
B)succeeded brilliantly,convincing most objective military observers that they were the equals of white soldiers in combat.
C)failed after suffering heavy casualties,providing ammunition for observers who blamed black troops for all the setbacks suffered by the U.S.Army.
D)failed,but only after struggling so heroically against such overwhelming odds that the quality of black combat troops would not be questioned again for a generation.

Question 13

An entire black regiment was rewarded with the Croix de Guerre for its performance at

A)Minaucourt.
B)Mont des Tombs.
C)Maison-en-Champagne.
D)Les Tueries.

Question 14

Approximately how many African Americans received commissions in the U.S.Army during the First World War?

A)10
B)85
C)335
D)650

Question 15

Approximately how many black soldiers deserted to German lines in response to German propaganda which reminded them that they did not enjoy at home the "democracy" for which they were reportedly fighting?

A)0
B)100
C)1000
D)10,000

Question 16

From its founding in 1909 until 1917,the NAACP

A)had no black officers.
B)had only one black officer.
C)refused to allow white people to join.
D)welcomed white members but barred them from positions of authority within the organization.

Question 17

Arriving in June 1917,the first African-American military personnel to reach the war zone were tasked with

A)building roads,digging trenches,and unloading supplies.
B)replacing exhausted European infantry soldiers on the front lines.
C)creating a new front against the German army in northern France.
D)manning the new tank regiments which Britain had just put on the field.

Question 18

How did the War Department respond when a racial incident in Spartanburg,South Carolina,led black soldiers of the Fifteenth New York Infantry to threaten to "shoot up" the town?

A)It kept the Fifteenth in Spartanburg under close supervision to prevent any violence from occurring.
B)It court-martialed and executed five members of the Fifteenth who were believed to been the leaders of the threatened action and dishonorably discharged the rest.
C)It moved the Fifteenth to a new camp in Illinois,leading other white southerners to demand the removal of black troops from their own communities.
D)It rushed the soldiers of the Fifteenth overseas,making them the first black combat troops to reach the front.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the training of black soldiers during the First World War is MOST accurate?

A)All black soldiers were trained at the same segregated camp in Rockford,Illinois.
B)Most black soldiers trained in integrated camps alongside white recruits,though they would later be segregated into all-black units.
C)Some all-black divisions were not allowed to train together because of civilians' fears of large concentrations of black men,and were not brought together until they reached Western Europe.
D)Although black soldiers suffered discrimination within military camps,they were generally well received by neighboring white communities,which applauded them for their service.

Question 20

Before the United States entered the First World War,black men

A)served in both the National Guard and the regular army.
B)served in National Guard units but were barred from serving in the regular army.
C)served in the regular army but were barred from serving in the National Guard.
D)were barred from serving in either the National Guard or the regular army.

Question 21

Roughly how many blacks participated in the Great Migration during the First World War?

A)500,000
B)1,500,000
C)3,000,000
D)5,000,000

Question 22

Which of the following statements about the Great Migration is LEAST accurate?

A)The migration stemmed not only from economic devastation in southern farms but also from the belief that discrimination was less prevalent in the North.
B)White southerners were happy to see blacks leave the region and passed legislation to facilitate the exodus.
C)Black newspapers encouraged the exodus,advising readers that their lives would be better in the North than in the South.
D)The migration resulted in part from the opening of northern industrial jobs to blacks for the first time.

Question 23

What accommodations did the delegates at the Paris Peace Conference make to the colonized peoples of Africa?

A)They extended the right of national self-determination to all African peoples,except for the peoples of German colonies who had supported Germany's war effort.
B)They extended the right of national self-determination to all African peoples.
C)They extended the right of national self-determination to the peoples of Germany's former African colonies while retaining the colonies of the war's victors.
D)They divided Germany's African colonies among the victors,allowed the victors to retain their existing colonies,and extended the right of national self-determination to no African peoples.

Question 24

During the First World War,public dissent against governmental policies was

A)encouraged,to demonstrate to the world the sort of democracy for which Americans were fighting.
B)frowned upon by most citizens,but widely accepted as a necessary check on the powers of the government.
C)treated as an unacceptable form of disloyalty which could lead to government surveillance or even imprisonment.
D)voluntarily laid aside,as black rights leaders,socialists,and others agreed that the war effort must take precedence over all other issues.

Question 25

Black migration led to a riot in 1917 which left at least forty blacks dead in the city of

A)Indianapolis,Indiana.
B)East St.Louis,Illinois.
C)Cincinnati,Ohio.
D)Buffalo,New York.

Question 26

In 1918,Nannie Helen Burroughs was placed under surveillance by the War Department after she

A)publicly attacked President Wilson for refusing to denounce lynching.
B)called on black men not to enlist in the military until their right to vote was guaranteed.
C)published an editorial asserting that only a socialist government could solve the country's racial problems.
D)alleged that war was being fought not to spread democracy but to fill the coffers of rich capitalists.

Question 27

During the First World War,what stance did the American Federation of Labor take on allowing black workers into its unions?

A)The AFL retained its opposition to black membership throughout the war and beyond.
B)The AFL abandoned its former racial inclusiveness during the war as more and more blacks acted as strikebreakers.
C)The AFL began to express sympathy with black workers and to meet with black leaders.
D)The AFL adopted a policy of racial integration and convinced the vast majority of labor unions to do the same.

Question 28

Which organizations,headed successively by George Edmund Haynes and Eugene Kinckle Jones,played a decisive role in helping black migrants to the North adjust to their new surroundings?

A)National Urban League
B)NAACP
C)Central Committee of Negro College Men
D)YMCA

Question 29

All of the following events contributed to the exodus of blacks from the South to the North during the First World War EXCEPT

A)boll weevil infestations which devastated the cotton crops.
B)the abrupt halt of immigration from Europe.
C)the flooding of the Mississippi River's Gulf Region.
D)the development of the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains.

Question 30

When black soldiers first returned from France to cities like New York and Chicago,they were

A)greeted by cheering throngs who flocked to see them parade through the streets.
B)ignored by a civilian population which was indifferent to their contributions to the war.
C)prohibited from participating in the sort of parades with which white soldiers announced their arrival.
D)met by generally hostile crowds of whites who worried that military service would make the soldiers "uppity" and "unruly."

Question 31

Whom did the War Department send to France at the end of the war to investigate the condition of black soldiers' morale?

A)Booker T.Washington
B)Robert R.Morton
C)Francis J.Grimké
D)Chandler Owen

Question 32

When black women offered their services as nurses to the U.S.military,the government

A)enlisted them reluctantly and sent them to Europe only after fighting had ended.
B)enlisted them in large numbers and sent them to dangerous battlefronts which were considered unsafe and improper for white women.
C)refused their services entirely.
D)enlisted and employed them on an equal basis with white women.

Question 33

In French society,black soldiers experienced

A)a far greater degree of racism and racial restrictions than any had experienced at home,even in the Deep South.
B)an initial welcome from the French people which quickly turned to antagonism as a result of white American soldiers' antiblack propaganda.
C)greater freedom of mobility and greater openness to interracial social mingling than they had experienced at home.
D)a degree of racism and racial restrictions which was not noticeably different from what prevailed in most of the United States.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about the black press during the First World War is MOST accurate?

A)Government censorship dealt a crippling blow to the black press from which it never recovered.
B)Although most black newspapers adopted a patriotic stance toward the war,they also attacked racial injustices.
C)With few exceptions,the black press insisted that protests against discrimination were not appropriate during a time of war.
D)With few exceptions,the black press insisted that black people should not lend their support to a war until they received the full rights of citizenship.