Deck 3: Establish North American Slavery

Question 1

In the Jamestown census of 1623,blacks were

A)absent.
B)listed as servants.
C)listed as slaves.
D)listed as chattel.

Answer 1

listed as servants.

Question 2

Approximately what percentage of white colonists who immigrated to the Chesapeake colonies in the seventeenth century arrived as indentured servants?

A)20
B)45
C)60
D)80

Answer 2

80

Question 3

In general,the circumstances of white servants and black servants or slaves in the first decades of the Chesapeake colonies differed in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A)courts often levied harsher punishments on blacks than on whites.
B)whereas white servitude was always temporary,black servitude was always permanent.
C)census records list surnames for white servants but not for black ones.
D)black servants' indentures sometimes lasted over twice as long as was typical for white servants.

Answer 3

whereas white servitude was always temporary,black servitude was always permanent.

Question 4

What English colony was once known as New Sweden?

A)Massachusetts
B)Carolina
C)New Jersey
D)Pennsylvania

Question 5

During the first half of the seventeenth century,the Dutch seized the key African slaving posts Axim and Elmina from

A)Spain.
B)England.
C)France.
D)Portugal.

Question 6

For approximately how many years before the founding of Jamestown,Virginia,had black slaves been involved in the settlement of what would later become the United States?

A)80
B)100
C)30
D)55

Question 7

When applied to slaves,what did the word "Creole" mean?

A)a slave who was born in the Americas
B)a slave who was born in Africa but was "seasoned" in the Caribbean
C)an African-born slave who was transported directly from Africa to North America
D)a slave who spoke a pidgin dialect combining European and African languages

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the first Africans brought into the English settlement in Jamestown is MOST accurate?

A)They were imported by Dutch traders who probably captured them from a Portuguese slave ship on the high seas.
B)They were imported by English traders who probably obtained them by raiding an African coastal village.
C)They were imported by Dutch traders who probably obtained them from markets in the Spanish Caribbean.
D)They were imported by English traders who probably obtained them markets in the English Caribbean.

Question 9

Which English colony was founded in 1663?

A)New Jersey
B)Delaware
C)Pennsylvania
D)Carolina

Question 10

What commodity served as currency in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake colonies?

A)cotton
B)gold
C)tobacco
D)slaves

Question 11

Slavery in Dutch New Netherland differed from that in the English Chesapeake because

A)slaves in Dutch New Netherland had greater opportunities for freedom than slaves in the English Chesapeake did.
B)the religious convictions of Dutch settlers prevented slavery from taking firm root in their North American colonies.
C)the greater Dutch access to African slave markets ensured that the number of slaves in Dutch New Netherland rapidly outnumbered the number of white settlers.
D)slave marriages received greater recognition in the English Chesapeake than in Dutch New Netherland.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about slavery in seventeenth-century North America is LEAST accurate?

A)Many of the slaves brought to North America had Spanish or Portuguese names.
B)Most of the slaves brought to North America arrived not from Africa but from other American colonies.
C)By the middle of the seventeenth century,the slave population of North America was able to increase by natural reproduction.
D)A number of slaves in North America were multilingual,speaking a variety of European,African,and Native American languages.

Question 13

In what year were Africans first imported into the English settlement of Jamestown?

A)1607
B)1619
C)1637
D)1678

Question 14

In which region of North America were slaves living under Spanish rule in 1750?

A)Louisiana
B)Florida
C)Carolina
D)Georgia

Question 15

What settlement,founded in 1565,became the oldest of the successful European settlements in North America?

A)Tampa Bay
B)Jamestown
C)St.Augustine
D)New Netherland

Question 16

Based on the experiences of Anthony Johnson and Francis Payne,all of the following statements about blacks in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake are true EXCEPT

A)free black men sometimes married white women.
B)free black men sometimes obtained substantial property holdings.
C)free black men sometimes successfully sued white men in court.
D)free black men sometimes held elective office in colonial governments.

Question 17

The first Old World settlers in what would become the United States may have been slaves attached to a colonizing mission led in 1526 by whom?

A)Lucas Vasquez de Allyón
B)San Miguel de Gualdape
C)Pánfilo de Narváez
D)Robert Keayne

Question 18

What happened when the free black man Anthony Johnson of Virginia sued his white neighbor for the return of one of Johnson's slaves?

A)The court ruled in favor of Johnson.
B)The court ruled that free blacks had no recourse to the legal system.
C)The court ruled that free blacks could sue other blacks,but not whites.
D)The court ruled that free blacks could not own slaves.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about indentured servants in the first half of the seventeenth-century Chesapeake colonies is LEAST accurate?

A)Most indentured servants were in their late teens or early twenties when they arrived in the Chesapeake.
B)Many indentured servants did not live long enough to earn their freedom.
C)Indentured servants who earned their freedom expected to receive a parcel of land of their own.
D)Despite its harsh features,the legal system of white servitude was,from the beginning,sharply distinguished from the legal system of black servitude.

Question 20

Against which European power did England fight several wars in the 1650s and 1660s,resulting in England's acquisition of the colony which they renamed New York in 1664?

A)the French
B)the Dutch
C)the Spanish
D)the Portuguese

Question 21

Which of the following statements about slavery in Carolina is LEAST accurate?

A)Unlike in most English colonies in North America,the legal status of slaves was clearly defined before settlement in Carolina even began.
B)Unlike most other English colonies in North America,Carolina tried slaves through the same court system as whites,and allowed slaves to testify against whites on their own behalf.
C)By early in the eighteenth century,Carolina law assumed that all blacks were slaves unless they could provide clear evidence to the contrary.
D)White citizens in Carolina were required to serve on slave patrols,which were tasked with searching slaves for weapons and ensuring that they had their master's permission if they were away from their home plantation.

Question 22

Bacon's Rebellion frightened colonial authorities in Virginia because it revealed that

A)blacks would readily unite with Indians against white colonists.
B)white servants would unite with blacks against colonial authorities.
C)neither white servants nor black slaves would support the colonial government's wars against Indians.
D)rich white planters would no longer support the institution of slavery.

Question 23

How did the transfer of Louisiana from France to Spain affect the colony's black population?

A)Slaves gained greater opportunities for manumission.
B)The integrity of enslaved families gained greater protection.
C)Free blacks lost the right to serve in colonial militias.
D)Free blacks gained the right to travel and to carry firearms without restrictions.

Question 24

Which of the following statements BEST characterizes the experience of blacks in Dutch New Netherland?

A)Although Dutch authorities granted some liberties to black settlers,their worries about possible uprisings led them to bar black men from the militia.
B)Although conditions for black settlers in New Netherland were harsh at first,racial boundaries gradually disintegrated as the seventeenth century progressed.
C)Blacks in New Netherland participated broadly in colonial society,attending Dutch churches and seeking redress through Dutch courts.
D)Since most black slaves worked on the vast agricultural fields of the Hudson Valley and had little direct contact with whites,blacks in New Netherland retained a distinct African identity.

Question 25

An actual slave insurrection in 1712 and a rumored one in 1741 resulted in dozens of executions and harsh new laws in the colony of

A)New York.
B)Maryland.
C)Virginia.
D)South Carolina.

Question 26

The colony of Carolina was settled primarily by

A)wealthy courtiers of King Charles II.
B)poor English servants who indentured themselves for a period of years.
C)white colonists from Barbados and their slaves.
D)disgruntled Virginian colonists who found opportunities for land ownership in their colony diminishing.

Question 27

French Louisiana's Code Noir included all of the following provisions EXCEPT

A)free blacks could be enslaved if caught harboring escaped slaves.
B)masters were prohibited from separating husbands and wives or parents from small children.
C)masters were required to provide their slaves with religious instruction and adequate food.
D)slaves were allowed to own their own property and to purchase their freedom.

Question 28

In 1667,Virginia passed a law which

A)denied that Christian baptism should result in emancipation.
B)emancipated all slaves who served in the colonial militia.
C)required masters to emancipate any slave woman who bore more than ten children.
D)condemned white servants to perpetual slavery for attacking their masters or rebelling against colonial authorities.

Question 29

What impact did the English acquisition of New Netherland have for the colony's black population?

A)They immediately lost rights which they had previously enjoyed.
B)They gradually lost rights which they had previously enjoyed.
C)They immediately gained rights which they had previously been denied.
D)They gradually gained rights which they had previously been denied.

Question 30

In roughly which decade did slave codes and racial restrictions begin to harden in England's North American colonies?

A)1610s
B)1630s
C)1660s
D)1690s

Question 31

Which colony,founded in 1733,attempted a brief and unsuccessful experiment to prohibit slavery from within its borders?

A)North Carolina
B)South Carolina
C)Georgia
D)Louisiana

Question 32

Between the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries,race relations in Virginia exhibited all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A)new slave codes were imposed based on Caribbean models.
B)new laws barred interracial marriages and sexual activities.
C)free blacks witnessed an erosion of their social standing and civil rights.
D)black slaves grew less rebellious as the number of African-born slaves dropped.

Question 33

Who wrote the Fundamental Constitutions for the colony of Carolina?

A)Francis Payne
B)William Berkeley
C)William Dummer
D)John Locke

Question 34

Which of the following statements about slavery in the Massachusetts Bay Colony is LEAST accurate?

A)Massachusetts Bay was the first English colony to give legal sanction to slavery.
B)Authorities in Massachusetts Bay condemned some white persons to slavery.
C)Authorities in Massachusetts Bay sold Native Americans into slavery in the Caribbean.
D)Authorities in Massachusetts Bay recognized only persons who willingly sold themselves into servitude as slaves.

Question 35

Between 1663 and 1681,Maryland differed from other English colonists in that it

A)required masters to emancipate any slave who converted to Christianity.
B)formally recognized marriages between black slaves and free whites.
C)stipulated that,whether a black woman was enslaved or free,her children would be slaves.
D)allowed black men to gain their independence by serving in the colonial militia against Native Americans.

Question 36

Which of the following statements about the hardening of racial restrictions and slave codes in English North America is LEAST accurate?

A)Slave codes protected the interests of masters by declaring that the children of enslaved mothers would themselves be slaves.
B)Because the English government developed slave policies for its empire,slave codes were consistent throughout the colonies.
C)As slave codes hardened,the justification for slavery shifted from religion to race.
D)As the seventeenth century progressed,freedom was increasingly seen as a natural state for whites and enslavement a natural state for blacks.

Question 37

By the end of the seventeenth century,slaves in colonial New England enjoyed all of the following rights EXCEPT the right to

A)marry in civil and religious ceremonies.
B)prevent their masters from selling off their children.
C)testify in court and to bring legal suit for their freedom.
D)associate with fellow slaves,as well as Indians and whites,with less restrictions than slaves elsewhere in America.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about slavery in the Massachusetts Bay Colony is MOST accurate?

A)Because of New England's cold climate,the institution of slavery failed to take root in the region.
B)Because of the religious convictions of white colonists in New England,the institution of slavery failed to take root in the region.
C)In the early decades of the colony of New England,an enslaved woman's children seem not to have been always been viewed as slaves.
D)In the early decades of the colony of New England,authorities established sharp distinctions between white servants from England who enjoyed certain rights and black servants from Africa and the Caribbean who enjoyed none.

Question 39

According to the Dutch plan of "half-freedom," blacks in New Netherland were

A)required to attend Dutch churches,but could not have their children baptized there.
B)required to pay annual dues for a fixed period as they transitioned from slavery to freedom.
C)allowed to have their children freed if they agreed to lifetime servitude.
D)allowed to purchase their freedom on the stipulation that they depart from the colony within three weeks of being manumitted.

Question 40

All of the following factors contributed to the legalization of slavery in Virginia in the second half of the seventeenth century EXCEPT

A)English colonists began to enslave large numbers of Native Americans for the first time in the wake of Bacon's Rebellion.
B)birth rates in England began to decline which helped to make the people of England less inclined to indenture themselves as servants in America.
C)high death rates in the first half of the seventeenth century had left the colony of Virginia in relatively short supply of laborers.
D)planters' need for workers to clear forests and cultivate crops continued to grow.